目的分析和预测亚洲带绦虫肌动相关蛋白2/3复合体亚单位4(Actin related protein2/3complexsubunit4,Arp2/3)基因及其编码蛋白的结构和特性。方法利用美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)和瑞士生物信息学研...目的分析和预测亚洲带绦虫肌动相关蛋白2/3复合体亚单位4(Actin related protein2/3complexsubunit4,Arp2/3)基因及其编码蛋白的结构和特性。方法利用美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)和瑞士生物信息学研究所的蛋白分析专家系统(ExPASY,http://ca.expasy.org/)中有关基因和蛋白的序列和结构信息分析的各种工具,结合其它生物信息学分析软件包,如Pcgene和Vector NTIsuite,从亚洲带绦虫全长cDNA质粒文库中识别Arp2/3基因及其编码区,分析、预测该基因编码蛋白质的理化特性、翻译后的修饰位点、功能域、亚细胞定位、拓扑结构、二级结构、三维空间构象等。结果该基因全长718bp,编码区为30-530,编码167个氨基酸,为全长基因。GenBank中与日本血吸虫Arp2/3氨基酸序列一致性达78%,相似性达90%。理论分子量为19533.9。没有跨膜区和各种亚细胞序列。预测3个主要的抗原表位为53～58,74～82,138～143均在Arp2/3空间结构的分子表面。结论应用生物信息方法从亚洲带绦虫成虫cDNA文库中筛选出Arp2/3基因。展开更多
【目的】白粉病(powdery mildew)是番茄生产上的重要病害,严重影响番茄的产量。番茄基因组测序工作的完成为抗病基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。ARP2/3(actin-related protein 2 and 3)复合体是肌动蛋白微丝骨架动力学的主要调控因子,...【目的】白粉病(powdery mildew)是番茄生产上的重要病害,严重影响番茄的产量。番茄基因组测序工作的完成为抗病基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。ARP2/3(actin-related protein 2 and 3)复合体是肌动蛋白微丝骨架动力学的主要调控因子,能够参与包括响应外界胁迫等多种细胞学过程。本研究通过对番茄ARPC5(actin-related protein C5)进行克隆和抗病功能验证,为番茄基因组信息完善、抗病机制解析和分子育种等方面打下基础。【方法】从番茄LA1777(Solanum habrochaites)cDNA中PCR扩增ShARPC5,使用DNAMAN 6.0进行多序列比对;MEGA 6.0构建系统发育树;应用在线工具ProtComp v. 9.0进行亚细胞定位预测。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)比较接种白粉菌(Oidium neolycopersici,On-Lz)后高感品种Moneymaker(MM)和高抗品种LA1777中番茄ARPC5的表达特征,分析白粉菌侵染与ARPC5表达的相关性。应用病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)技术进一步验证该基因在番茄中的抗病功能,观察沉默株和野生型株系接种后表型变化,利用台盼蓝和DAB染色法检测植株产生过敏性坏死和H2O2的能力,并检测ShARPC5沉默后一些与植物抗病相关标记基因的表达变化。采用农杆菌浸花法遗传转化拟南芥过表达ShARPC5植株,观察转基因和野生型株系接种后表型变化,并统计单病斑分生孢子数。【结果】从番茄品种LA1777中克隆到ShARPC5,编码132个氨基酸残基,包含一个保守的P16-Arc结构域。与番茄MM-白粉菌亲和互作相比,非亲和互作的番茄品种LA1777在接种白粉菌后,ShARPC5显著上调表达,尤其在接种后18 h。在番茄上沉默ShARPC5能够增加植株对白粉菌On-Lz的敏感性,防卫反应基因PR1b1显著下调表达。组织学观察显示与对照植株相比,ShARPC5沉默植株接种后诱导产生过敏性坏死和活性氧减少。在烟草上瞬时过表达ShARPC5能够诱导产生坏死斑。相反,在拟南芥上过表达ShARPC5能够增加植物的抗病性。【结论】ShARPC5是番茄响应白粉菌侵染的重要基因,可减轻番茄白粉病的发病程度,在番茄抗白粉病机理研究方面具有较大的应用价值,可作为番茄抗白粉病分子育种的一个候选基因。展开更多
AIM To detect the expression of Arpin, and determine its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS A total of 176 GC patients were enrolled as stud...AIM To detect the expression of Arpin, and determine its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS A total of 176 GC patients were enrolled as study subjects and classified into groups according to different clinicopathological variables. GC mucosal tissues were obtained via surgery. Another 43 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of normal gastric epithelium (> 5 cm away from the edge of the tumor) were included in the control group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the Arpin and Arp3 proteins was performed on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded GC tissues. Additionally, expression of the Arpin protein in 43 normal gastric tissues was also determined using IHC. RESULTS Expression of the Arpin protein in GC was lower than that in normal gastric mucosa (30.68% vs 60.47%, P < 0.001). A chi(2) test of the 176 GC samples used for IHC showed that decreased Arpin expression was associated with advanced TNM stage (P < 0.01) and the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis (80.92% vs 35.56%, P < 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the expression of Arpin and the presence of the Arp2/3 complex in GC tissues (chi(2) = 30.535, P < 0.001). Moreover, a multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Arpin expression [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.551, P = 0.029] and TNM stage (HR = 5.344, P = 0.001) were independent prognostic markers for overall survival of GC patients. Regarding the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), the recurrence rate of GC patients with low Arpin expression levels (median DFS 19 mo) was higher than that in the high-Arpin-expression group (median DFS 34 mo, P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Low Arpin levels are associated with clinicopathological variables and a poor prognosis in GC patients. Arpin may be regarded as a potential prognostic indicator in GC.展开更多
As a fundamental component of the host cellular cytoskeleton, actin is routinely engaged by infecting viruses. Furthermore, viruses from diverse groups, and infecting diverse hosts, have convergently evolved an array ...As a fundamental component of the host cellular cytoskeleton, actin is routinely engaged by infecting viruses. Furthermore, viruses from diverse groups, and infecting diverse hosts, have convergently evolved an array of mechanisms for manipulating the actin cytoskeleton for efficacious infection. An ongoing chorus of research now indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is critical for viral replication at many stages of the viral life cycle, including binding, entry, nuclear localization, genomic transcription and reverse transcription, assembly, and egress/dissemination. Specifically, viruses subvert the force-generating and macromolecular scaffolding properties of the actin cytoskeleton to propel viral surfing, internalization, and migration within the cell. Additionally, viruses utilize the actin cytoskeleton to support and organize assembly sites, and eject budding virions for cell-to-cell transmission. It is the purpose of this review to provide an overview of current research, focusing on the various mechanisms and themes of virus-mediated actin modulation described therein.展开更多
脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中,经卵裂和囊胚期积累了一定数量的细胞后,在原肠期开始出现明显的细胞运动,囊胚表层的细胞通过一个称为组织者(Spemann and Mongald’sorganizer)的结构进入胚胎的内部,经过内陷、内卷、汇聚、延伸等一系列细胞运...脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中,经卵裂和囊胚期积累了一定数量的细胞后,在原肠期开始出现明显的细胞运动,囊胚表层的细胞通过一个称为组织者(Spemann and Mongald’sorganizer)的结构进入胚胎的内部,经过内陷、内卷、汇聚、延伸等一系列细胞运动,按照既定的方向迁移到达目的地,参与构建各个胚层,这一过程称为形态发生运动。形态发生运动是脊椎动物胚胎发育必不可少的重要步骤,在这一过程中,特定的单个细胞或成群细胞的定向迁移,对于三个胚层(外胚层、中胚层、内胚层),以及由这些胚层所产生的特定组织器官的发育与分化,具有决定性影响。展开更多
Filopodia, a finger-like structure and actin-rich plasma-membrane protrusion at the leading edge of the cell, has important roles in cell motility. However, the mechanisms of filopodia generation are not well-understo...Filopodia, a finger-like structure and actin-rich plasma-membrane protrusion at the leading edge of the cell, has important roles in cell motility. However, the mechanisms of filopodia generation are not well-understood via the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells. We previously have demonstrated that PRR11 associates with the ARP2/3 complex to regulate cytoskeleton-nucleoskeleton assembly and chromatin remodeling. In this study, we further demonstrate that PRR11 involves in filopodia formation, focal adhesion turnover and cell motility through ARP2/3 complex. Cell phenotype assays revealed that the silencing of PRR11 increased cellular size and inhibited cell motility in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, PRR11 recruited and co-localized with Arp2 at the membrane protrusion to promote filopodia formation but not lamellipodia formation. Notably, PRR11 mutant deletion of the proline-rich region 2 (amino acid residues 185–200) abrogated the effect of filopodia formation. In addition, PRR11-depletion inhibited filopodial actin filaments assembly and increased the level of active integrin β1 in the cell surface, whereas reduced the phosphorylation level of focal adhesion kinase (FAKY397) to repress focal adhesion turnover and cell motility in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that PRR11 has critical roles in controlling filopodia formation, focal adhesion turnover and cell motility by recruiting ARP2/3 complex, thus dysregualted expression of PRR11 potentially facilitates tumor metastasis in NSCLC cells.展开更多
Cell migration is essential to direct embryonic cells to specific sites at which their developmental fates are ultimately determined. However, the mechanism by which cell motility is regulated in embryonic development...Cell migration is essential to direct embryonic cells to specific sites at which their developmental fates are ultimately determined. However, the mechanism by which cell motility is regulated in embryonic development is largely unknown. Cortactin, a filamentous actin binding protein, is an activator of Arp2/3 complex in the nucleation of actin cytoskeleton at the cell leading edge and acts directly on the machinery of cell motility. To determine whether cortactin and Arp2/3 mediated actin assembly plays a role in the morphogenic cell movements during the early development of zebrafish, we initiated a study of cortactin expression in zebrafish embryos at gastrulating stages when massive cell migrations occur. Western blot analysis using a cortactin specific monoclonal antibody demonstrated that cortactin protein is abundantly present in em-bryos at the most early developmental stages. Immunostaining of whole-mounted embryo showed that cortactin immunoreactivity was associated with the embryonic shield, predominantly at the dorsal side of the embryos during gastrulation. In addition, cortactin was detected in the convergent cells of the epiblast and hypoblast, and later in the central nervous system. Im-munofluorescent staining with cortactin and Arp3 antibodies also revealed that cortactin and Arp2/3 complex colocalized at the periphery and many patches associated with the cell-to-cell junction in motile embryonic cells. Therefore, our data suggest that cortactin and Arp2/3 medi-ated actin polymerization is implicated in the cell movement during gastrulation and perhaps the development of the central neural system as well.展开更多
文摘目的分析和预测亚洲带绦虫肌动相关蛋白2/3复合体亚单位4(Actin related protein2/3complexsubunit4,Arp2/3)基因及其编码蛋白的结构和特性。方法利用美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)和瑞士生物信息学研究所的蛋白分析专家系统(ExPASY,http://ca.expasy.org/)中有关基因和蛋白的序列和结构信息分析的各种工具,结合其它生物信息学分析软件包,如Pcgene和Vector NTIsuite,从亚洲带绦虫全长cDNA质粒文库中识别Arp2/3基因及其编码区,分析、预测该基因编码蛋白质的理化特性、翻译后的修饰位点、功能域、亚细胞定位、拓扑结构、二级结构、三维空间构象等。结果该基因全长718bp,编码区为30-530,编码167个氨基酸,为全长基因。GenBank中与日本血吸虫Arp2/3氨基酸序列一致性达78%,相似性达90%。理论分子量为19533.9。没有跨膜区和各种亚细胞序列。预测3个主要的抗原表位为53～58,74～82,138～143均在Arp2/3空间结构的分子表面。结论应用生物信息方法从亚洲带绦虫成虫cDNA文库中筛选出Arp2/3基因。
文摘【目的】白粉病(powdery mildew)是番茄生产上的重要病害,严重影响番茄的产量。番茄基因组测序工作的完成为抗病基因挖掘提供了重要的信息资源。ARP2/3(actin-related protein 2 and 3)复合体是肌动蛋白微丝骨架动力学的主要调控因子,能够参与包括响应外界胁迫等多种细胞学过程。本研究通过对番茄ARPC5(actin-related protein C5)进行克隆和抗病功能验证,为番茄基因组信息完善、抗病机制解析和分子育种等方面打下基础。【方法】从番茄LA1777(Solanum habrochaites)cDNA中PCR扩增ShARPC5,使用DNAMAN 6.0进行多序列比对;MEGA 6.0构建系统发育树;应用在线工具ProtComp v. 9.0进行亚细胞定位预测。利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)比较接种白粉菌(Oidium neolycopersici,On-Lz)后高感品种Moneymaker(MM)和高抗品种LA1777中番茄ARPC5的表达特征,分析白粉菌侵染与ARPC5表达的相关性。应用病毒诱导的基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)技术进一步验证该基因在番茄中的抗病功能,观察沉默株和野生型株系接种后表型变化,利用台盼蓝和DAB染色法检测植株产生过敏性坏死和H2O2的能力,并检测ShARPC5沉默后一些与植物抗病相关标记基因的表达变化。采用农杆菌浸花法遗传转化拟南芥过表达ShARPC5植株,观察转基因和野生型株系接种后表型变化,并统计单病斑分生孢子数。【结果】从番茄品种LA1777中克隆到ShARPC5,编码132个氨基酸残基,包含一个保守的P16-Arc结构域。与番茄MM-白粉菌亲和互作相比,非亲和互作的番茄品种LA1777在接种白粉菌后,ShARPC5显著上调表达,尤其在接种后18 h。在番茄上沉默ShARPC5能够增加植株对白粉菌On-Lz的敏感性,防卫反应基因PR1b1显著下调表达。组织学观察显示与对照植株相比,ShARPC5沉默植株接种后诱导产生过敏性坏死和活性氧减少。在烟草上瞬时过表达ShARPC5能够诱导产生坏死斑。相反,在拟南芥上过表达ShARPC5能够增加植物的抗病性。【结论】ShARPC5是番茄响应白粉菌侵染的重要基因,可减轻番茄白粉病的发病程度,在番茄抗白粉病机理研究方面具有较大的应用价值,可作为番茄抗白粉病分子育种的一个候选基因。
文摘AIM To detect the expression of Arpin, and determine its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS A total of 176 GC patients were enrolled as study subjects and classified into groups according to different clinicopathological variables. GC mucosal tissues were obtained via surgery. Another 43 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of normal gastric epithelium (> 5 cm away from the edge of the tumor) were included in the control group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the Arpin and Arp3 proteins was performed on the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded GC tissues. Additionally, expression of the Arpin protein in 43 normal gastric tissues was also determined using IHC. RESULTS Expression of the Arpin protein in GC was lower than that in normal gastric mucosa (30.68% vs 60.47%, P < 0.001). A chi(2) test of the 176 GC samples used for IHC showed that decreased Arpin expression was associated with advanced TNM stage (P < 0.01) and the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis (80.92% vs 35.56%, P < 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the expression of Arpin and the presence of the Arp2/3 complex in GC tissues (chi(2) = 30.535, P < 0.001). Moreover, a multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Arpin expression [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.551, P = 0.029] and TNM stage (HR = 5.344, P = 0.001) were independent prognostic markers for overall survival of GC patients. Regarding the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS), the recurrence rate of GC patients with low Arpin expression levels (median DFS 19 mo) was higher than that in the high-Arpin-expression group (median DFS 34 mo, P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Low Arpin levels are associated with clinicopathological variables and a poor prognosis in GC patients. Arpin may be regarded as a potential prognostic indicator in GC.
基金supported by US Public Health Service grant 1R01MH102144 from NIMH to Y. W
文摘As a fundamental component of the host cellular cytoskeleton, actin is routinely engaged by infecting viruses. Furthermore, viruses from diverse groups, and infecting diverse hosts, have convergently evolved an array of mechanisms for manipulating the actin cytoskeleton for efficacious infection. An ongoing chorus of research now indicates that the actin cytoskeleton is critical for viral replication at many stages of the viral life cycle, including binding, entry, nuclear localization, genomic transcription and reverse transcription, assembly, and egress/dissemination. Specifically, viruses subvert the force-generating and macromolecular scaffolding properties of the actin cytoskeleton to propel viral surfing, internalization, and migration within the cell. Additionally, viruses utilize the actin cytoskeleton to support and organize assembly sites, and eject budding virions for cell-to-cell transmission. It is the purpose of this review to provide an overview of current research, focusing on the various mechanisms and themes of virus-mediated actin modulation described therein.
文摘脊椎动物胚胎发育过程中,经卵裂和囊胚期积累了一定数量的细胞后,在原肠期开始出现明显的细胞运动,囊胚表层的细胞通过一个称为组织者(Spemann and Mongald’sorganizer)的结构进入胚胎的内部,经过内陷、内卷、汇聚、延伸等一系列细胞运动,按照既定的方向迁移到达目的地,参与构建各个胚层,这一过程称为形态发生运动。形态发生运动是脊椎动物胚胎发育必不可少的重要步骤,在这一过程中,特定的单个细胞或成群细胞的定向迁移,对于三个胚层(外胚层、中胚层、内胚层),以及由这些胚层所产生的特定组织器官的发育与分化,具有决定性影响。
文摘Filopodia, a finger-like structure and actin-rich plasma-membrane protrusion at the leading edge of the cell, has important roles in cell motility. However, the mechanisms of filopodia generation are not well-understood via the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells. We previously have demonstrated that PRR11 associates with the ARP2/3 complex to regulate cytoskeleton-nucleoskeleton assembly and chromatin remodeling. In this study, we further demonstrate that PRR11 involves in filopodia formation, focal adhesion turnover and cell motility through ARP2/3 complex. Cell phenotype assays revealed that the silencing of PRR11 increased cellular size and inhibited cell motility in NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, PRR11 recruited and co-localized with Arp2 at the membrane protrusion to promote filopodia formation but not lamellipodia formation. Notably, PRR11 mutant deletion of the proline-rich region 2 (amino acid residues 185–200) abrogated the effect of filopodia formation. In addition, PRR11-depletion inhibited filopodial actin filaments assembly and increased the level of active integrin β1 in the cell surface, whereas reduced the phosphorylation level of focal adhesion kinase (FAKY397) to repress focal adhesion turnover and cell motility in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that PRR11 has critical roles in controlling filopodia formation, focal adhesion turnover and cell motility by recruiting ARP2/3 complex, thus dysregualted expression of PRR11 potentially facilitates tumor metastasis in NSCLC cells.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30270692&30271034).
文摘Cell migration is essential to direct embryonic cells to specific sites at which their developmental fates are ultimately determined. However, the mechanism by which cell motility is regulated in embryonic development is largely unknown. Cortactin, a filamentous actin binding protein, is an activator of Arp2/3 complex in the nucleation of actin cytoskeleton at the cell leading edge and acts directly on the machinery of cell motility. To determine whether cortactin and Arp2/3 mediated actin assembly plays a role in the morphogenic cell movements during the early development of zebrafish, we initiated a study of cortactin expression in zebrafish embryos at gastrulating stages when massive cell migrations occur. Western blot analysis using a cortactin specific monoclonal antibody demonstrated that cortactin protein is abundantly present in em-bryos at the most early developmental stages. Immunostaining of whole-mounted embryo showed that cortactin immunoreactivity was associated with the embryonic shield, predominantly at the dorsal side of the embryos during gastrulation. In addition, cortactin was detected in the convergent cells of the epiblast and hypoblast, and later in the central nervous system. Im-munofluorescent staining with cortactin and Arp3 antibodies also revealed that cortactin and Arp2/3 complex colocalized at the periphery and many patches associated with the cell-to-cell junction in motile embryonic cells. Therefore, our data suggest that cortactin and Arp2/3 medi-ated actin polymerization is implicated in the cell movement during gastrulation and perhaps the development of the central neural system as well.
