Resources of Wild Ornamental Ferns in Guizhou Province and Their Utilization

Through investigating the wild ornamental ferns in Guizhou Province, it is found that there are totally 312 species (including variations), 111 genera and 49 families of such resources in this region, which are classified into terrestrial fern, epiphytic fern, saxicolous fern, vine fern, tree fern and aquatic fern according to their ecological types. The application of ornamental ferns in garden landscaping and development countermeasures are analyzed in this study.

Resource Distribution and Exploitation of Edible Ferns in Guizhou

64 species （including 5 varieties）, 30 genera and 24 families of the edible ferns in Guizhou are preliminartiy confirmed, according to the combination of spot investigation and refereuce analySis：the species, genera and families account for 8.13%, 19.74% and 44.44% of ferns in Guizhou, respectively. The floristic composition characters and resource distribution of 23 kinds of the edible ferns in Guizhou are described.

Prediction of Suitable Habitat for Lycophytes and Ferns in Northeast China: A Case Study on Athyrium brevifrons

Suitable habitat is vital for the survival and restoration of a species.Understanding the suitable habitat range for lycophytes and ferns is prerequisite for effective species resource conservation and recovery efforts.In this study, we took Athyrium brevifrons as an example, predicted its suitable habitat using a Maxent model with 67 occurrence data and nine environmental variables in Northeast China.The area under the curve(AUC) value of independent test data, as well as the comparison with specimen county areal distribution of A.brevifrons exhibited excellent predictive performance.The type of environmental variables showed that precipitation contributed the most to the distribution prediction, followed by temperature and topography.Percentage contribution and permutation importance both indicated that precipitation of driest quarter(Bio17) was the key factor in determining the natural distribution of A.brevifrons, the reason could be proved by the fern gametophyte biology.The analysis of high habitat suitability areas also showed the habitat preference of A.brevifrons: comparatively more precipitation and less fluctuation in the driest quarter.Changbai Mountains, covering almost all the high and medium habitat suitability areas, provide the best ecological conditions for the survival of A.brevifrons, and should be considered as priority areas for protection and restoration of the wild resource.The potential habitat suitability distribution map could provide a reference for the sustainable development and utilisation of A.brevifrons resource, and Maxent modelling could be valuable for conservation management planning for lycophytes and ferns in Northeast China.

Genome size evolution of the extant lycophytes and ferns

Ferns and lycophytes have remarkably large genomes.However,little is known about how their genome size evolved in fern lineages.To explore the origins and evolution of chromosome numbers and genome size in ferns,we used flow cytometry to measure the genomes of 240 species(255 samples)of extant ferns and lycophytes comprising 27 families and 72 genera,of which 228 species(242 samples)represent new reports.We analyzed correlations among genome size,spore size,chromosomal features,phylogeny,and habitat type preference within a phylogenetic framework.We also applied ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analysis to preference of habitat type and genome size.Using the phylogeny,we conducted ancestral character reconstruction for habitat types and tested whether genome size changes simultaneously with shifts in habitat preference.We found that 2 C values had weak phylogenetic signal,whereas the base number of chromosomes(x)had a strong phylogenetic signal.Furthermore,our analyses revealed a positive correlation between genome size and chromosome traits,indicating that the base number of chromosomes(x),chromosome size,and polyploidization may be primary contributors to genome expansion in ferns and lycophytes.Genome sizes in different habitat types varied significantly and were significantly correlated with habitat types;specifically,multinomial logistic regression indicated that species with larger 2 C values were more likely to be epiphytes.Terrestrial habitat is inferred to be ancestral for both extant ferns and lycophytes,whereas transitions to other habitat types occurred as the major clades emerged.Shifts in habitat types appear be followed by periods of genomic stability.Based on these results,we inferred that habitat type changes and multiple whole-genome duplications have contributed to the formation of large genomes of ferns and their allies during their evolutionary history.

Diversity, Endemism and Conservation of Ferns(Polypodiales) in the Mexican Mountain Component

We analyzed the distributional patterns of95 selected species of leptosporangiate ferns inhabiting the Mexican Mountain Component, using grid-cells of one geographical degree as unit areas,applying endemism indices and richness and beta diversity analyses.Distributional data were obtained from several herbaria and specialized literature.Five grid-cells appear to be important for fern species richness, as they contain 35 to 49 species.These gridcells are located in the Sierra Madre Oriental(SMO),Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt(TMVB) and the Sierra Madre del Sur(SMS).Mean richness by latitudinal belts of one degree showed that the belts with highest values are related to the TMVB and SMS.A total of 13grid-cells were recognized as important from theperspective of endemism; most of them are located also in the SMO, TMVB and SMS.The richest gridcells coincided with one of the main centres of endemism for ferns obtained in this study, located in the convergence of the southern part of the SMO, the eastern portion of the TMVB and the northern part of the SMS, reflecting the high humidity existing on the mountain slopes facing the Gulf of Mexico.Some important grid-cells recognized from richness and endemism analyses coincide with Mexican Natural Protected Areas.The beta diversity analysis showed a low degree of similarity among grid-cells, implying a high species replacement, as the result of environmental heterogeneity occurring in the Mexican mountain systems.On the other hand, the spatial analysis suggested a pattern of phytogeographical regionalization comprising twomain areas: the Mexican Transition Zone and the Mexican Central Plateau.Ferns play an important role in the Mexican biodiversity and contributing to the beta diversity of Mexico.

福建汀江源自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物区系分析

【目的】探讨汀江源自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物从物种多样性和区系地理特征,以期为两类植物多样性保护、资源应用开发及系统演化等研究提供参考。【方法】在野外调查、标本鉴定基础上,结合文献资料,整理该区石松类和蕨类植物名录,分析区系组成及地理成分。【结果】(1)该区石松类和蕨类植物有23科60属129种,其中石松类有2科5属15种,蕨类植物有21科55属114种。(2)优势科、属明显,优势科有3科,优势属有1属;单种科、属和寡种科、属是构成该区石松类和蕨类植物科、属的主体。(3)科的分布区类型以世界分布和热带分布为主;属、种的分布区类型以热带分布为主,同时呈现温带性质;中国特有种有15种。(4)该区与梁野山保护区的地理亲缘关系最近。【结论】汀江源国家级自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物地理成分多样,特有现象明显,生物多样性较低,植物区系成分在水平梯度上呈现由热带向温带过渡的特征。

广东车八岭国家级自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物多样性研究

为全面了解广东车八岭国家级自然保护区的植物资源,并为区内生物多样性的长期监测、保护管理和科普教育提供数据支持,于2023年6月至8月通过样线法对该区石松类和蕨类植物进行野外考察和标本采集,并结合文献资料对保护区内石松类和蕨类植物的物种组成、区系特征及资源情况进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)车八岭保护区共有石松类和蕨类植物25科75属231种(含种下等级),本次调查新增保护区内植物64种,隶属于11科28属。(2)保护区内石松类和蕨类植物有单种科6科、单种属38属,分别占总科、属数的24.00%和50.67%,表明该区石松类和蕨类植物具有一定的古老性和孑遗性。(3)保护区内石松类和蕨类植物的区系地理成分复杂多样,其中科属以热带成分为主,分别占总科、属数的60.00%和68.00%;物种以亚热带成分为主(54.98%),热带成分次之(29.87%),符合亚热带植物区系的特征,并具有一定程度的热带区系性质。(4)与周边保护区相比较,车八岭保护区与青云山省级自然保护区的关系最为密切,科属种的相似性指数(Jaccard/Krober系数)分别为92.00/96.00、73.42/85.33、42.42/62.86,推测与两者地理距离较近和气候特征相似有关。(5)保护区内石松类和蕨类植物资源丰富,其中具食用价值6种、药用价值145种、观赏价值141种和工业价值32种,并发现4种国家重点保护石松类和蕨类植物。

观赏蕨类姬蕨同配子体自交的孢子体萌发和发育特性

[目的]评估交配形式对蕨类繁殖的影响。[方法]以姬蕨(Hypolepis punctata)为例,设计配子体单独培养(同配自交)和混合培养(混交)比较试验,比较两种交配系统下孢子体萌发状态(萌发率、存活率),孢子体成长情况及生长速率。[结果]尽管自交幼苗生长趋势弱于混交个体,单独培养产生的完全纯合的姬蕨孢子体最终存活率达到62.5%,说明蕨类的自交确实可以导致近交衰退,但仍然具有可接受的存活能力,单个孢子仍有很大概率上延续种群。蕨类植物由于其特殊的生活史特性,可通过单独培养得到完全纯合的自交个体,从而得到性状稳定的品系。[结论]该研究中单独培养技术在园艺育种方向具有很好的应用前景。

乌毛蕨叶光谱特征对矾山铜钼矿区钼金属找矿指示意义

针对植被覆盖区遥感技术在矿产勘查中的实际问题,提出了一种利用金属元素迁移规律和金属胁迫后植被光谱发生变异的特点开展植被覆盖区地质找矿的遥感新方法。该方法基于植被叶片光谱曲线反射和吸收特征的原理,结合地球化学数据,间接实现重金属元素分布遥感制图。采集矿区和矿区周围背景区乌毛蕨叶样本及对应光谱数据,基于化学分析测定获得矿区和背景区乌毛蕨叶钼元素含量,明确矿区乌毛蕨叶受到了钼元素影响。对比分析矿区和背景区乌毛蕨叶在波形、红边位置、叶绿素及水吸收、植被指数上的差异,结果表明,受钼金属胁迫后矿区乌毛蕨叶光谱在光谱曲线和水吸收特征方面较背景区均存在明显差异,其中970 nm处的水吸收特征差异最明显。研究成果可为遥感技术在植被覆盖区开展地质找矿提供新思路。

多壁碳纳米管对水蕨配子体发育及孢子体产生的影响

探究多壁碳纳米管在水蕨配子体发育及孢子体产生中的作用,以期为濒危蕨类植物的保护和繁育奠定基础。以蕨类模式植物水蕨(Ceratopteris thalictroides)为供试材料,设置0(对照)、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0 mg·L^(-1)多壁碳纳米管5个处理组,采用光学显微镜观察不同质量浓度多壁碳纳米管对水蕨配子体发育及孢子体产生的影响。结果显示:与对照组相比,0.5~2.5 mg·L^(-1)多壁碳纳米管处理可使水蕨孢子萌发提前约15 d,其中,0.5 mg·L^(-1)多壁碳纳米管对水蕨孢子萌发的促进效果最好,0.5~1.5 mg·L^(-1)多壁碳纳米管对丝状体和片状体产生的促进效果最好,2.5 mg·L^(-1)多壁碳纳米管对原叶体和孢子体产生的促进效果最好。高质量浓度(5.0 mg·L^(-1))多壁碳纳米管处理会导致部分配子体出现畸形,精子器退化,细胞中叶绿体出现失绿现象,部分发育出的孢子体上的细胞也出现叶绿体失绿等衰退现象。此外,多壁碳纳米管的加入促进了水蕨雄配子体的产生。综上所述,0.5~2.5 mg·L^(-1)多壁碳纳米管处理可以明显促进水蕨配子体发育和孢子体的产生,且精子器数量明显增多,有雌雄同株和雌雄异株配子体同时出现,高质量浓度多壁碳纳米管处理会使水蕨配子体发育出现“高浓度抑制”现象,在实际应用过程中应根据具体的需要选择相应的添加量。

海金沙受精作用的细胞学观察

【目的】阐明蕨类植物中演化地位特殊类群海金沙受精作用的特点和细胞学机制,以完善蕨类植物生殖生物学的细胞学研究。【方法】采用包埋和透射电镜技术,对海金沙受精过程中精子入卵、核融合、受精卵膨胀和极性分化阶段进行超微结构观察。【结果】海金沙卵细胞无典型的卵膜和受精孔,精子通过孔区位置进入卵细胞。第1个精子进入卵细胞的细胞质,有2~6个精子也可通过孔区进入卵细胞孔区下方的受精腔,但无法与卵细胞融合。精子进入卵细胞后,卵细胞剧烈收缩,阻止其他精子进入,在受精腔上方孔区位置形成1层膜结构,能一定程度上阻挡其他精子进入受精腔。精子进入卵细胞后30 min开始进行核融合,精子的细胞核最初集中在卵核的一端,逐渐渗透进入卵核,随受精卵膨胀继续核融合。受精10 h左右,合子产生大量液泡,先建立垂直极性,后转为水平极性,并进行合子第1次分裂。【结论】海金沙进行受精作用时,精子从孔区位置进入,产生受精腔,其受精过程与核心薄囊蕨相似。

福建省4种蕨类植物新记录

通过对福建省梅花山国家级自然保护区蕨类及石松类植物的全面野外调查,发现福建省蕨类植物1个新记录属——裂禾蕨属Tomophyllum(E.Fourn.)Parris,及4个新记录种——裂禾蕨Tomophyllum donianum(Spreng.)Fraser-Jenk.&Parris、针毛鳞盖蕨Microlepia trapeziformis(Roxb.)Kuhn、长叶巢蕨Asplenium phyllitidis D.Don、草叶耳蕨Polystichum herbaceum Ching&Z.Y.Liu。新记录属和新记录种的发现丰富了福建省的植物多样性,为该地区植物区系地理学研究提供了资料。

弹丝的水湿运动释疑

为理解水湿运动对植物孢子的传播作用,本文从来源、结构和着生方式三方面对苔类植物和蕨类植物木贼属中弹丝的情况进行了介绍,并对水湿运动在不同类群植物孢子释放中的作用及意义进行了讨论,以期为中学生物学中与“结构与功能相适应”相关的教学内容提供拓展信息。

浙江草鱼塘国家森林公园蕨类植物区系研究

通过实地调查和资料查阅,对浙江草鱼塘国家森林公园蕨类植物区系组成和地理成分进行了分析,并与周边4个蕨类植物区系的分化强度和相似性进行比较。结果表明:(1)浙江草鱼塘森林公园共有蕨类植物29科45属97种,科、属组成优势现象明显,优势科为鳞毛蕨科Dryopteridaceae、金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae、水龙骨科Polypodiaceae、卷柏科Selaginellaceae、蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae和铁角蕨科Aspleniaceae,优势属为鳞毛蕨属Dryopteris、卷柏属Selaginella、铁角蕨属Asplenium、复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes、毛蕨属Cyclosorus和瓦韦属Lepisorus。(2)区系地理成分在科、属级水平上均以热带属性为主,种级水平上以温带属性为主,具有由热带属性向温带属性渗透和过渡的特点。(3)与周边4个蕨类植物区系比较分析表明,草鱼塘森林公园种系分化程度较低,区系丰富度较小;草鱼塘森林公园与紫金山的亲缘关系最近,与赣江源的亲缘关系次之,与麻阳河和星斗山的亲缘关系相对疏远。

凉山山系地区石松类和蕨类植物多样性及区系分析

为分析凉山山系地区的石松类和蕨类植物多样性现状,明确该地区物种组成和区系特征,文章在野外调查、标本采集鉴定和历史资料整理的基础上获得了凉山山系地区石松类和蕨类植物名录,分析了其多样性和珍稀濒危状况。结果发现,凉山山系地区目前已记录的石松类和蕨类植物有409种(包含种下级别),属于28科90属,优势科以鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae,89种)、凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae,70种)和水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae,60种)为主,优势属以耳蕨属(Polystichum,39种)、鳞毛蕨属(Dryopteris,34种)和蹄盖蕨属(Athyrium,24种)为主;中国特有种141种,占该区域石松类和蕨类植物物种数的24.47%;受威胁植物有9种,无极危物种,国家Ⅱ级保护植物8种,保护价值较高;在地理成分上,科级和属级均以热带成分为主,显示了当地的热带亚热带气候环境特征;与其他地区比较,科的地理区系与江西赣江源自然保护区的区系联系最紧密,属的地理区系与湖南幕阜山脉最接近。

仁怀市石松类和蕨类植物多样性

通过野外实地调查和文献资料整理,对仁怀市石松类和蕨类植物物种多样性、分布格局、生态类型、区系进行分析。结果表明:仁怀市共有石松类和蕨类植物26科67属269种,其中石松类2科6属16种,蕨类24科61属253种,包括4个仁怀市新记录科、12个仁怀市新记录属、134个仁怀市新记录种;优势科为鳞毛蕨科、凤尾蕨科、蹄盖蕨科和水龙骨科。仁怀市石松类和蕨类植物受地形因素影响较大,东南高山丘陵种类较多,西北河谷坡地种类较少;在垂直分布上呈现出随海拔升高物种数量先增加后减少的趋势,900~1100 m的海拔梯度范围内种类最多,符合“中间膨胀效应”。仁怀市石松类和蕨类植物生态类型多样,土生类型最多,石生类和附生类次之,水生类型最少。属的区系分析表明仁怀市的石松类和蕨类植物以热带成分为主。

陕西省植物新记录--轴果蹄盖蕨

于2023年,在对陕西省汉中市秦岭地区的林草种质资源普查中发现蹄盖蕨科植物新记录-轴果蹄盖蕨[Athyrium epirachis (Christ) Ching]。凭证标本收藏于山东省林草种质资源中心(SDF)。

陕西省蹄盖蕨科植物新记录-耳羽短肠蕨

通过对陕西省秦岭地区的蕨类植物调查,发现陕西省蹄盖蕨科植物一新记录-耳羽短肠蕨[(Diplazium wichurae(Mettenius)Diels)]。本文对陕西省蹄盖蕨科植物一新记录种耳羽短肠蕨的形态特征进行描述并提供照片。凭证标本现收藏于山东省林草种质资源中心标本馆(SDFGR)。

云南省蕨类植物两个新纪录属——燕尾蕨属和黑心蕨属

在金平分水岭国家级自然保护区第二次综合科学考察期间,采集到蕨类植物双扇蕨科(Dipteridaceae)物种全缘燕尾蕨Cheiropleuria integrifolia(D.C.Eaton ex Hook.) M.Kato和凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)物种黑心蕨Doryopteris concolor(Langsd.&Fisch.) Kuhn。文献考证表明,两个物种所在的燕尾蕨属(Cheiropleuria C.Presl)和黑心蕨属(Doryopteris J.Sm.)均为云南省新纪录属。凭证标本存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。