Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

Ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｄｙｓｐｅｐｓｉａｏｆｕｌｃｅｒｄｙｓｍｏｔｉｌｉｔｙｔｙｐｅ：ｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅａｎｄｔｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏＺｈｏｎｇａｎｄＬＩＮＧｕＺｈｅｎＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａａｄｉｎｇｓ...

Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

AS3MT基因多态性与癫痫患儿临床特征、治疗效果的关系

目的探讨亚砷酸甲基转移酶([Arsenic(+3 oxidation state)methyltransferase,AS3MT])基因多态性与癫痫患儿临床特征、治疗效果的关系。方法将2019-07/2022-07月作者医院收治的164例癫痫患儿作为癫痫组,同时选取210例健康儿童作为健康组。癫痫组规律接受6个月及以上丙戊酸钠治疗,根据治疗效果不同分为有效组(n=129)和无效组(n=35)。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性内切酶片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技术鉴定AS3MT rs7085104基因分型;采用Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡度检验进行样本代表性评估;采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨影响癫痫患儿治疗效果的因素。结果健康组与癫痫组AS3MT rs7085104 AA、GA、GG三种基因型均符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律(P>0.05)。癫痫组AS3MT rs7085104 AA、GA、GG基因型频率分别为31.10%、48.17%、20.73%,健康组AA、GA、GG基因型频率分别为15.71%、38.10%、46.19%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癫痫每月发作频率>3次、有出生窒息史、有热性惊厥史患儿AS3MT rs7085104 AA、GA基因型分布频率分别高于癫痫每月发作频率≤3次、无出生窒息史、无热性惊厥史患儿,而GG基因型分布频率分别低于癫痫每月发作频率≤3次、无出生窒息史、无热性惊厥史患儿(P<0.05)。有效组AS3MT rs7085104 AA、GA、GG基因型频率分别为24.81%、52.71%、22.48%,无效组AA、GA、GG基因型频率分别为54.29%、31.43%、14.28%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,癫痫每月发作频率>3次[OR=2.776,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):1.751~4.440]、有热性惊厥史(OR=2.375,95%CI:1.555~3.627)、AS3MT rs7085104 GA基因型(GA vs.AA,OR=0.397,95%CI:0.257~0.612)、AS3MT rs7085104 GG基因型(GG vs.AA,OR=0.322,95%CI:0.200~0.518)是癫痫患儿治疗无效的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论AS3MT rs7085104基因多态性与癫痫患儿每月发作频率、出生窒息史、热性惊厥史有关,同时影响丙戊酸钠的治疗效果,且携带AA基因型患儿的治疗效果更差。

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

ＨｉｇｈｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙｆｏｃｕｓｅｄｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄｅｘｔｒａｃｏｒｐｏｒｅａｌａｂｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｖｅｒｔｉｓｓｕｅｓｉｎｒａｂｂｉｔｓＣＨＥＮＧＳｈｕＱｕｎ１，ＺＨＯＵＸｉｎＤａ１，ＴＡＮＧＺｈａｏＹｏｕ１，ＹＵＹａｏ１，Ｂ...

Flotation separation of arsenopyrite from several sulphide minerals with organic depressants

In this paper, the separation of arsenopyrite from chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena with organic depressants （guergum and sodium humic ） was discussed, and the functioning mechanism of those organic depressants was discussed. The experimental results of monomineral flotation indicated that both guergum and sodium humic have depressing effect on arsenopyrite in the presence of ethyl xanthate. Guergum and sodium humic showed different depressing ability to pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena, and the higher the pH value in pulp, the stronger the depressing ability. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric study showed that the adsorption layer of xanthate on surface of minerals had been desorhed by the two organic depressants, and the selective desorption of the collector layer was found from different minerals. The xanthate cover on minerals surface was set free when dosage of the organic depressants was high enough. For artificially-mixed minerals, the separation of arsenopyrite from other sulphides was successfully realized by controlling dosage of the organic depressants. And sodium humic had been concentrates in a commercial Lead-Zinc concentrator.

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

亚砷酸-碘油乳剂栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的不良反应评价

目的：评价亚砷酸-碘油乳剂栓塞治疗原发性肝癌（HCC）的疗效与不良反应。方法：应用亚砷酸-碘油乳剂（亚砷酸注射液20mg与碘油5．0～30mL）经肝动脉栓塞治疗经病理、AFP和影像学诊断证实的HCC29例，如果治疗中病变明显进展（病灶增大超过25％或AFP升高），则联合蒽环类药物治疗，观察其疗效与不良反应。结果：单纯应用亚砷酸一碘油乳剂治疗1～3次，29例中PR6例，NC18例，PD5例，客观有效率为20．7％，获益率为82．8％；AFP平均由（11109．36±2920．82）IU／mL降至（10001．61±2880．67）IU／mL，t=1.262，P〉0．05。11例患者在治疗中加用蒽环类药物，8例病灶中6例缩小超过25％，其中2例超过50％，AFP平均由（13901．11±4862．26）IU／mL降至（5470．63±2597．79）IU／mL（t=2．634，P〈0．05）。主要不良反应为发热、恶心呕吐、肝区疼痛、血细胞减少及转氨酶升高等，全组未发生严重不良反应。结论：亚砷酸-碘油乳剂栓塞治疗原发性肝疗效较好，不良反应较小，是治疗原发性肝癌较理想的方法之一。

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合灌注三氧化二砷治疗原发性肝癌初步观察

探讨三氧化二砷肝动脉灌注治疗原发性肝癌的临床疗效。对62例和56例原发性肝癌患者分别采用常规药物联合三氧化二砷和单纯常规药物介入治疗,分析治疗效果。结果常规药物联合三氧化二砷组1年生存率优于单纯常规药物组,P=0·017,P<0·05,半年生存率及近期疗效差异无统计学意义,P>0·05。初步研究结果提示,原发性肝癌患者肝动脉常规药物联合三氧化二砷介入治疗能提高1年生存率。

三氧化二砷治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病过程中高白细胞血症和维甲酸综合征的特点

目的:为明确三氧化二砷(亚砷酸,ATO)在初治和全反式维甲酸(all trans retinoicacid,AT RA)治疗后复发的急性早幼粒细胞白血病(acute promyelocyticleukemia,APL)的诱导缓解时,引起高白细胞血症(leukocytosis)和维甲酸综合征(reti noicacidsyndrome,RAS)的发生规律。方法:初治和复发的APL共30例,ATO10mg/d进行诱导缓解治疗。结果:30例患者中23例(77%)达到完全缓解,达到缓解平均时间37.1d。发生高白细胞血症有14例(47%),出现高白细胞血症平均时间为12.9d,发生高白细胞血症患者的白细胞平均基础值为3.1×109L-1,未发生高白细胞血症患者的白细胞平均基础值为2.6×109L-1,两者差异有统计学意义,z=-2.635,P=0.008,所有患者均未采用细胞毒药物治疗,白细胞均恢复至正常水平。RAS有9例(30%),发生RAS的平均时间为13.9d,发生RAS患者的白细胞平均基础值为3.6×109L-1,未发生RAS患者的白细胞平均基础值为2.6×109L-1,z=-1.909,P=0.046,无1例因RAS死亡。结论:ATO对初治和复发的APL诱导缓解安全有效,ATO诱导APL缓解时引起的高白细胞血症及RAS与白细胞基础水平有关,在诱导缓解过程中发生的RAS与高白细胞血症有一定相关性。高白细胞血症可以通过继续应用ATO逐渐恢复。

双诱导联合蒽环类抗生素治疗初治急性早幼粒细胞白血病疗效观察

目的观察以全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)和亚砷酸(As2O3)双诱导,联合蒽环类抗生素(anthracycline,ATC)为主的治疗方案治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的疗效。方法对初治APL患者以ATRA和As2O3进行双诱导,联合DA方案化疗,达完全缓解(CR)后,以ATC为主的方案巩固化疗6疗程,以后以化疗、ATRA、As2O3交替序贯维持治疗,化疗方案中仍以ATC为主。总治疗时间3年。14例患者接受了PML/RARα融合基因监测。结果21例初治APL患者中,除2例早期死亡外,其余19例诱导治疗后均达CR,经巩固、维持治疗,此19例患者至今均为持续完全缓解(CCR)状态,其中CCR5年以上2例,3年以上6例。无患者出现严重或不可逆的毒副反应。接受PML/RARα融合基因检测的14例患者,初诊时均为阳性,巩固治疗结束时均转为阴性,在以后监测中无一例转阳。结论双诱导联合ATC治疗初治APL,疗效可靠,毒副反应小。

亚砷酸经肝动脉化疗栓塞对兔肝VX2移植瘤生长及转移的影响

目的观察亚砷酸碘油制剂在兔肝VX2移植瘤化疗栓塞治疗中对肿瘤生长及转移的影响。方法将40只肝内荷瘤兔分成空白对照,单纯碘油栓塞,常规阿霉素碘油栓塞,亚砷酸碘油栓塞及亚砷酸阿霉素联合碘油栓塞共5组。依分组不同进行肝动脉化疗栓塞术并记录肿瘤生长和转移情况。结果本组40例肝脏种植肿瘤2周末时平均体积之间没有明显差异,5周末时各实验组治疗后肿瘤体积都增大,但与对照组相比体积明显减小(P<0.01),内部可见更大片状坏死(P<0.01),尤以亚砷酸用药组明显。较无亚砷酸组相比,亚砷酸用药组可以明显减少远隔转移的数量(P<0.01);其中联合用药组较常规化疗栓塞组更明显减少远隔转移数量(P<0.05)。结论亚砷酸在肝动脉化疗栓塞术中应用可以抑制瘤灶的生长和远隔转移。亚砷酸与常规化疗药物联合应用能进一步增强抗肿瘤转移效应。

亚砷酸注射液治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的 观察亚砷酸注射液治疗中晚期原发性肝癌近期疗效及不良反应。方法 2 0 0 1 - 0 2～ 2 0 0 1 - 1 0对 1 0例中晚期原发性肝癌 ,采用亚砷酸注射单药静脉滴注 2 8d。结果 生存质量稳定占 80 % ,右上腹部疼痛缓解 3例 ,减轻 4例 ,无好转 2例 ,未发现 度以上不良反应。结论 亚砷酸注射液单药治疗中晚期原发性肝癌 ,尤其是对初治者有一定疗效 ,在稳定生存质量及改善临床症状也有较好效果 ,毒副作用小。