Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and...Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and efficacy. Numerous recorded cases of intoxication and toxicological studies reveal that medicinal plants can be toxic, which hinders their safe use. Plant intoxications related to a variety of factors include plant organs and many extraction solvents. Little toxicological data on medicinal plants is available. The need to investigate is important for safe use. Imperata cylindrica, a poaceae, is one of the medicinal plants for which few toxicological data are available. Materials & Methods: To expand toxicological data, water, 70% ethanol, and 30% acetone extracts of the leaves and roots, obtained by maceration and reflux methods, were used for phytochemicals molecules qualitative detection and toxicity test by the brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The qualitative analysis of the different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, saponins, and polyterpenoids. The toxicity endpoint was lethal concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>). The leaves’ extracts LC<sub>50</sub> was between 489.78 μg/mL and 1066.6 μg/mL. As for the root extracts, the LC<sub>50</sub> was between 341.98 μg/mL and 1530 μg/mL. Discussion: The different compounds’ presence justifies the use of Imperata cylindrica as a medicinal plant. According to Clarkson classification the root extracts are moderately toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 168.47 μg/mL), and leaf extracts are weakly toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 527.25 μg/mL). The extrapolation made in relation to the Gosselin, Smith, and Hodge scale, allows us to characterize the Imperata cylindrica root and leaf extracts as non-toxic to humans by oral route. Conclusion: This result can be a base for more precise toxicological studies.展开更多
Cashew is a tropical economically important crop.Cashew apple can be processed to improve its shelf-life and desirable characteristics by traditional methods,however,non-thermal technologies are emerging as viable met...Cashew is a tropical economically important crop.Cashew apple can be processed to improve its shelf-life and desirable characteristics by traditional methods,however,non-thermal technologies are emerging as viable methods due the preservation of organoleptic proprieties,freshness and minimizing nutritional and sensory losses.Although these technologies are emerging as an alternative for the food industry,little is known about the effect of this processing on the food matrix.Therefore,this work aimed to evaluate the toxic and protective effect of unprocessed and cold plasma and ultrasound-processed cashew apple juice against oxidative stress in Artemia salina nauplii.For this purpose,nauplii were exposed to cashew apple juice processed by plasma and ultrasound to test the toxicity and the protective effect of the juice against hydrogen peroxide.Nauplii were also analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy.The cold plasma treated at 1000 Hz juice provoked deaths and structural changes in nauplii.However,also presented a protective effect,mainly at 1000μg.mL^(-1).The sonicated juice did not cause deaths although nauplii morphology was affected.The results suggest that cold plasma treatment might form toxic substances in cashew apple juice,while the ultrasonic treatment is less harmful,considering the A.salina model.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate leaves extract of Azima tetracantha and Gmelina asiatica for lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity ...Objective:To evaluate leaves extract of Azima tetracantha and Gmelina asiatica for lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity gradients of petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform,acetone,ethanol and methanol.The extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic potential.Results:In the brine shrimp lethality assay of all extracts,exception of acetone,ethanol and petroleum ether extracts Gmelina asiatica displayed 100%mortality at 1000μg/mL by Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana.Chloroform extract was the most potent and presented the highest percentage of mortality with the lowest LC_(50)values by both assay too.Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest the presence of photochemical possessing cytotoxic agents.展开更多
The requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid ) for growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was tested using Artemia with various levels of n-3 HUFA. Four tueatments w...The requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid ) for growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was tested using Artemia with various levels of n-3 HUFA. Four tueatments with Artemia differing in theirn-3 HUFA were prepared by feeding them various oil emulsions .The results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influences fish n-3 HUFA levels and are necessary for good growth and survival of black seabream larvae . The proper value of n-3 HUFA level and DHA, EPA level in Artemia should be 4.273% and 0.873% (wet weight) for good growth and survival in black seabream larvae respectively.展开更多
文摘Background: Herbal medicinal preparations are used as dietary supplements for disease prevention and as alternative/complementary medicine. The growing interest in herbal medicine raises the question of its safety and efficacy. Numerous recorded cases of intoxication and toxicological studies reveal that medicinal plants can be toxic, which hinders their safe use. Plant intoxications related to a variety of factors include plant organs and many extraction solvents. Little toxicological data on medicinal plants is available. The need to investigate is important for safe use. Imperata cylindrica, a poaceae, is one of the medicinal plants for which few toxicological data are available. Materials & Methods: To expand toxicological data, water, 70% ethanol, and 30% acetone extracts of the leaves and roots, obtained by maceration and reflux methods, were used for phytochemicals molecules qualitative detection and toxicity test by the brine shrimp lethality assay. Results: The qualitative analysis of the different extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenolic compounds, saponins, and polyterpenoids. The toxicity endpoint was lethal concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>). The leaves’ extracts LC<sub>50</sub> was between 489.78 μg/mL and 1066.6 μg/mL. As for the root extracts, the LC<sub>50</sub> was between 341.98 μg/mL and 1530 μg/mL. Discussion: The different compounds’ presence justifies the use of Imperata cylindrica as a medicinal plant. According to Clarkson classification the root extracts are moderately toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 168.47 μg/mL), and leaf extracts are weakly toxic (LC<sub>50</sub>: 527.25 μg/mL). The extrapolation made in relation to the Gosselin, Smith, and Hodge scale, allows us to characterize the Imperata cylindrica root and leaf extracts as non-toxic to humans by oral route. Conclusion: This result can be a base for more precise toxicological studies.
文摘Cashew is a tropical economically important crop.Cashew apple can be processed to improve its shelf-life and desirable characteristics by traditional methods,however,non-thermal technologies are emerging as viable methods due the preservation of organoleptic proprieties,freshness and minimizing nutritional and sensory losses.Although these technologies are emerging as an alternative for the food industry,little is known about the effect of this processing on the food matrix.Therefore,this work aimed to evaluate the toxic and protective effect of unprocessed and cold plasma and ultrasound-processed cashew apple juice against oxidative stress in Artemia salina nauplii.For this purpose,nauplii were exposed to cashew apple juice processed by plasma and ultrasound to test the toxicity and the protective effect of the juice against hydrogen peroxide.Nauplii were also analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy.The cold plasma treated at 1000 Hz juice provoked deaths and structural changes in nauplii.However,also presented a protective effect,mainly at 1000μg.mL^(-1).The sonicated juice did not cause deaths although nauplii morphology was affected.The results suggest that cold plasma treatment might form toxic substances in cashew apple juice,while the ultrasonic treatment is less harmful,considering the A.salina model.
文摘Objective:To evaluate leaves extract of Azima tetracantha and Gmelina asiatica for lethality to brine shrimp larvae(Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana).Methods:The plant materials were extracted based on polarity gradients of petroleum ether,benzene,chloroform,acetone,ethanol and methanol.The extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic potential.Results:In the brine shrimp lethality assay of all extracts,exception of acetone,ethanol and petroleum ether extracts Gmelina asiatica displayed 100%mortality at 1000μg/mL by Artemia salina and Artemia fransiscana.Chloroform extract was the most potent and presented the highest percentage of mortality with the lowest LC_(50)values by both assay too.Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest the presence of photochemical possessing cytotoxic agents.
文摘The requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acid ) for growth and survival of black seabream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was tested using Artemia with various levels of n-3 HUFA. Four tueatments with Artemia differing in theirn-3 HUFA were prepared by feeding them various oil emulsions .The results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influences fish n-3 HUFA levels and are necessary for good growth and survival of black seabream larvae . The proper value of n-3 HUFA level and DHA, EPA level in Artemia should be 4.273% and 0.873% (wet weight) for good growth and survival in black seabream larvae respectively.
