Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several st...Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures, long analysis time, large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review, we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents, toxic ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs and preservatives, as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid, accurate, easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.展开更多
Encroachment, disposal of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater and dumping of solid wastes have degraded the overall quality of the river Turag, which is located in Dhaka—the Capital City of Bangladesh. The p...Encroachment, disposal of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater and dumping of solid wastes have degraded the overall quality of the river Turag, which is located in Dhaka—the Capital City of Bangladesh. The present study investigated the extent of pollution of sediments of this river and analyzed the regional variability for the concentrations of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd—all of concern because of their potential toxicity, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As per US EPA sediment quality guideline, metal concentrations ranged between Cd: 0.00 - 0.80, Cr: 32.00 - 75.50, Cu: 46.30 - 60.00, Pb: 28.30 - 36.40, and Zn: 94.60 - 190.10 mg/kg in the Turag river sediments. Cr, Cu, Zn belongs to moderately to highly polluted, Pb and Cd belongs to not polluted for Turag river. The heavy metals contamination in the sediments were also evaluated by applying Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI) etc. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test (US EPA 1311) for sediment samples have been performed also for metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) to determine the readily toxicity level of heavy metals. Sieve analysis of sediment performed in this study to determine the physical characteristic of sediment samples. The metal concentrations are well below the regulated level as per US EPA. This index can be complemented with the contamination index, which allows more site-specific and accurate information on contaminant levels. If the aim of work on contamination evaluation is to assess the overall contamination of a study area, the indices are highly appropriate.展开更多
The present investigation studied the toxicity of soil contaminated by untreated discharge from a factory that recycles used plastics. The nearby agricultural areas and freshwater fish ponds were polluted with high co...The present investigation studied the toxicity of soil contaminated by untreated discharge from a factory that recycles used plastics. The nearby agricultural areas and freshwater fish ponds were polluted with high concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Mn. Water extracts from the contaminated soil retarded root growth of Brassica chinensis (Chinese white cabbage) and Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) where their seeds were obtained commercially. The contaminated populations of C. dactylon, Panicum repen (panic grass), and Imperata cylindrica (wooly grass) were able to withstand higher concentrations of Cu. Ni, and Mn, especially C. dactylon, when compared with their uncontaminated counterparts. 1990 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
This review proposes associated standards from abroad regarding chemical contamination of the air, and has analyzed the formation of chemical air pollution, the common contaminants and the testing methods of projects....This review proposes associated standards from abroad regarding chemical contamination of the air, and has analyzed the formation of chemical air pollution, the common contaminants and the testing methods of projects. This paper demonstrates the capability of China to begin commercial testing of chemical contamination of the air. In addition, it offers technological references of the feasibility for adopting the international standard ISO14644-8：2006.展开更多
在碳达峰、碳中和背景下,发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统,并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质...在碳达峰、碳中和背景下,发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统,并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明:该生物质直燃耦合系统运行稳定可靠;CFB锅炉在掺烧木屑颗粒燃料时,随着掺烧比的增加,混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低,混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善;掺烧后经过锅炉燃烧配风优化,锅炉NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量略有降低。试验典型工况污染物测试表明:掺入木屑颗粒燃料后,锅炉烟气二噁英排放量为0.0088 ng TEQ/m^(3)(标准工况,φ(O_(2))=11%,下同),飞灰中二噁英排放量为0.0206 ng TEQ/m^(3);飞灰中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121mg/L;底渣中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L,烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。展开更多
文摘Food safety is one of the major concerns in every country regardless of the economic and social development. The frequent occurrence of food scandals in the world has led the Chinese government to implement several strategies to fortify the food supply system to a high food safety standard. This relies heavily on laboratory testing services but conventional methods for detection of food contaminants and toxicants are limited by sophisticated sample preparation procedures, long analysis time, large instruments and professional personnel to meet the increasing demands. In this review, we have incorporated most of the current and potential rapid detection methods for many notorious food contaminants and toxicants including microbial agents, toxic ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs and preservatives, as well as detection of genetically modified food genes and adulterated edible oil. Development of rapid, accurate, easy-to-use and affordable testing methods could urge food handlers and the public to actively screen for food contaminants and toxicants instead of passively relying on monitoring by the government examination facility. This review also provides several recommendations including how to encourage the public to engage in the food safety management system and provide optimal education and financial assistance that may improve the current Chinese food safety control system.
文摘Encroachment, disposal of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater and dumping of solid wastes have degraded the overall quality of the river Turag, which is located in Dhaka—the Capital City of Bangladesh. The present study investigated the extent of pollution of sediments of this river and analyzed the regional variability for the concentrations of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd—all of concern because of their potential toxicity, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. As per US EPA sediment quality guideline, metal concentrations ranged between Cd: 0.00 - 0.80, Cr: 32.00 - 75.50, Cu: 46.30 - 60.00, Pb: 28.30 - 36.40, and Zn: 94.60 - 190.10 mg/kg in the Turag river sediments. Cr, Cu, Zn belongs to moderately to highly polluted, Pb and Cd belongs to not polluted for Turag river. The heavy metals contamination in the sediments were also evaluated by applying Index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI) etc. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) test (US EPA 1311) for sediment samples have been performed also for metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn) to determine the readily toxicity level of heavy metals. Sieve analysis of sediment performed in this study to determine the physical characteristic of sediment samples. The metal concentrations are well below the regulated level as per US EPA. This index can be complemented with the contamination index, which allows more site-specific and accurate information on contaminant levels. If the aim of work on contamination evaluation is to assess the overall contamination of a study area, the indices are highly appropriate.
文摘The present investigation studied the toxicity of soil contaminated by untreated discharge from a factory that recycles used plastics. The nearby agricultural areas and freshwater fish ponds were polluted with high concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Mn. Water extracts from the contaminated soil retarded root growth of Brassica chinensis (Chinese white cabbage) and Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) where their seeds were obtained commercially. The contaminated populations of C. dactylon, Panicum repen (panic grass), and Imperata cylindrica (wooly grass) were able to withstand higher concentrations of Cu. Ni, and Mn, especially C. dactylon, when compared with their uncontaminated counterparts. 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘This review proposes associated standards from abroad regarding chemical contamination of the air, and has analyzed the formation of chemical air pollution, the common contaminants and the testing methods of projects. This paper demonstrates the capability of China to begin commercial testing of chemical contamination of the air. In addition, it offers technological references of the feasibility for adopting the international standard ISO14644-8：2006.
文摘在碳达峰、碳中和背景下,发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统,并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明:该生物质直燃耦合系统运行稳定可靠;CFB锅炉在掺烧木屑颗粒燃料时,随着掺烧比的增加,混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低,混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善;掺烧后经过锅炉燃烧配风优化,锅炉NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量略有降低。试验典型工况污染物测试表明:掺入木屑颗粒燃料后,锅炉烟气二噁英排放量为0.0088 ng TEQ/m^(3)(标准工况,φ(O_(2))=11%,下同),飞灰中二噁英排放量为0.0206 ng TEQ/m^(3);飞灰中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121mg/L;底渣中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L,烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。
