Generally hidden from public view, out of our daily thoughts, and literally under our feet, are myriad urban underground tunnels that make our modern megacities possible. From their ancient beginnings in antiquity, as...Generally hidden from public view, out of our daily thoughts, and literally under our feet, are myriad urban underground tunnels that make our modern megacities possible. From their ancient beginnings in antiquity, as a means of supplying fresh water and draining waste water from cities, underground tunnels evolved into a means of providing high capacity rail mass transit in our most densely populated urban centers. This paper provides a broad overview of the evolution of urban tunnels across a 6000 year time span and includes the specific engineering formulas/computations for the earliest 19th century subways/infrastructure projects based on the Roman vaulted arch tunnel.展开更多
Wolfgang Behringer是德国萨尔大学历史系教授,长期从事历史学研究,一次偶然的机会促使他写一本运动通史,又是很偶然的机会,该书被中国的出版社选中译成了中文,于是就有了《运动通史——从古希腊罗马到21世纪》中文版。《运动通史》在2...Wolfgang Behringer是德国萨尔大学历史系教授,长期从事历史学研究,一次偶然的机会促使他写一本运动通史,又是很偶然的机会,该书被中国的出版社选中译成了中文,于是就有了《运动通史——从古希腊罗马到21世纪》中文版。《运动通史》在2015年出版后,先后被多家媒体关注和介绍。该书第一次完整串起体育与人类社会发展史,讲述了各个文明在历史长河中创造的千奇百怪的运动故事,与其背后的文化历史的关系,让人们读到了体育背后丰富的历史。Wolfgang Behringer教授以史学的视角来解读体育本意、解释体育历史,他启发着我们从另外的角度去思考体育,更启迪着我们用史学方法,把体育史的研究变得"生动"起来。展开更多
文摘Generally hidden from public view, out of our daily thoughts, and literally under our feet, are myriad urban underground tunnels that make our modern megacities possible. From their ancient beginnings in antiquity, as a means of supplying fresh water and draining waste water from cities, underground tunnels evolved into a means of providing high capacity rail mass transit in our most densely populated urban centers. This paper provides a broad overview of the evolution of urban tunnels across a 6000 year time span and includes the specific engineering formulas/computations for the earliest 19th century subways/infrastructure projects based on the Roman vaulted arch tunnel.
