It is well known that perioperative hyperglycemia is the main cause of infectious complications after surgery.To improve perioperative glycemic control,we wish to highlight and comment on an interesting paper publishe...It is well known that perioperative hyperglycemia is the main cause of infectious complications after surgery.To improve perioperative glycemic control,we wish to highlight and comment on an interesting paper published recently by the Annals of Surgery entitled:"Early postoperative hyperglycemia is associated with postoperative complications after pancreatoduodenectomy(PD)" by Eshuis et al.The authors concluded that early postoperative glucose levels more than 140 mg/dL was significantly associated with complications after PD.Since we recommend that perioperative tight glycemic control(TGC) is an effective method to prevent postoperative complications including surgical site infection after distal,proximal,and total pancreatic resection,we support strongly this conclusion drawn in this article.However,if early postoperative glucose control in patients undergoing PD was administrated by conventional method such as sliding scale approach as described in this article,it is difficult to maintain TGC.Therefore,we introduce a novel perioperative glycemic control using an artificial endocrine pancreas against pancreatogenic diabetes after pancreatic resection including PD.展开更多
Inspired by the modulation mechanism of neuroendocrine-immune system(NEIs),a novel structure of artificial neural network(ANN) named NEI-NN and its learning method are presented.The NEI-NN includes two parts,i.e.,posi...Inspired by the modulation mechanism of neuroendocrine-immune system(NEIs),a novel structure of artificial neural network(ANN) named NEI-NN and its learning method are presented.The NEI-NN includes two parts,i.e.,positive subnetwork(PSN) and negative sub-network(NSN).The neuron functions of PSN and NSN are designed according to the increased and decreased secretion functions of hormone,respectively.In order to make the novel neural network learn quickly,the novel neuron based on some characteristics of NEIs is also redesigned.Besides the normal input signals,two control signals are considered in the proposed solution.One is the enable/disable signal,and the other is the slope control signal.The former can modify the structure of NEI-NN,and the later can regulate the evolutionary speed of NEINN.The NEI-NN can obtain the optimized network structure by using error back-propagation(BP) learning algorithm.Since the modeling of the beam pumping unit is very difficult by using the conventional method,the modeling of bean bump unit is chosen to examine the performance of the NEI-NN.The experiment results show that the optimized structure and learning speed of NEI-NN are better than those of the conventional neural network.展开更多
The artificial endocrine system (AES) is a new branch of natural computing which uses ideas and takes inspiration from the information processing mechanisms contained in the mammalian endocrine system. It is a fast gr...The artificial endocrine system (AES) is a new branch of natural computing which uses ideas and takes inspiration from the information processing mechanisms contained in the mammalian endocrine system. It is a fast growing research field in which a variety of new theoretical models and technical methods have been studied for dealing with complex and significant problems. An overview of some recent advances in AES modeling and its applications is provided in this paper, based on the major and latest works. This review covers theoretical modeling, combinations of algorithms, and typical application fields. A number of challenges that can be undertaken to help move the field forward are discussed according to the current state of the AES approach.展开更多
Endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC） pollution in river-based artificial groundwater recharge using reclaimed municipal wastewater poses a potential threat to groundwater-based drinking water supplies in Beijing, Chin...Endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC） pollution in river-based artificial groundwater recharge using reclaimed municipal wastewater poses a potential threat to groundwater-based drinking water supplies in Beijing, China. Lab-scale leaching column experiments simulating recharge were conducted to study the adsorption, biodegradation, and transport characteristics of three selected EDCs： 17β-estradiol（E2）, 17α-ethinylestradiol（EE2） and bisphenol A（BPA）. The three recharge columns were operated under the conditions of continual sterilization recharge（CSR）, continual recharge（CR）, and wetting and drying alternative recharge（WDAR）. The results showed that the attenuation effect of the EDCs was in the order of WDAR 〉 CR 〉 CSR system and E2 〉 EE2 〉 BPA, which followed first-order kinetics. The EDC attenuation rate constants were 0.0783, 0.0505, and 0.0479 m-1 for E2, EE2 and BPA in the CR system, respectively. The removal rates of E2, EE2, and BPA in the CR system were 98%, 96% and 92%, which mainly depended on biodegradation and were affected by water temperature.In the CR system, the concentrations of BPA, EE2, and E2 in soil were 4, 6 and 10 times higher than in the WDAR system, respectively. According to the DGGE fingerprints, the bacterial community in the bottom layer was more diverse than in the upper layer, which was related to the EDC concentrations in the water-soil system. The dominant group was found to be proteobacteria, including Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, suggesting that these microbes might play an important role in EDC degradation.展开更多
目的观察气囊上滞留物的引流对呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发病的影响。方法将EICU病房82例机械通气患者随机分成气囊上滞留物引流组41例和非引流组41例。定期对两组患者的口咽部、气囊上滞留物和下呼吸道分泌物进行细菌学检测，记录患者...目的观察气囊上滞留物的引流对呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发病的影响。方法将EICU病房82例机械通气患者随机分成气囊上滞留物引流组41例和非引流组41例。定期对两组患者的口咽部、气囊上滞留物和下呼吸道分泌物进行细菌学检测，记录患者机械通气时间、总住院时间、气囊上滞留物的引流量及致病菌浓度、发生 VAP的病例数，依据防污染毛刷采样（PSB）定量培养结果确定 VAP的病原体。结果引流组早发VAP发生率、机械通气时间、总住院时间、患者最后转归等结果明显优于非引流组，且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）；引流组气囊上滞留物致病菌的浓度明显低于非引流组细菌的浓度，且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）；气囊上滞留物与下呼吸道病原体有一致性和相似的构成比。结论气囊上滞留物是VAP病原体的重要来源；气囊上滞留物引流方法简便，可降低早发性VAP的发生率，使VAP发生时间延迟，病死率降低，机械通气时间及住院时间缩短。展开更多
文摘It is well known that perioperative hyperglycemia is the main cause of infectious complications after surgery.To improve perioperative glycemic control,we wish to highlight and comment on an interesting paper published recently by the Annals of Surgery entitled:"Early postoperative hyperglycemia is associated with postoperative complications after pancreatoduodenectomy(PD)" by Eshuis et al.The authors concluded that early postoperative glucose levels more than 140 mg/dL was significantly associated with complications after PD.Since we recommend that perioperative tight glycemic control(TGC) is an effective method to prevent postoperative complications including surgical site infection after distal,proximal,and total pancreatic resection,we support strongly this conclusion drawn in this article.However,if early postoperative glucose control in patients undergoing PD was administrated by conventional method such as sliding scale approach as described in this article,it is difficult to maintain TGC.Therefore,we introduce a novel perioperative glycemic control using an artificial endocrine pancreas against pancreatogenic diabetes after pancreatic resection including PD.
基金the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61134009)National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.61473078,61271001)+5 种基金Program for Changjiang Scholars from the Ministry of Education,ChinaSpecialized Research Fund for Shanghai Leading Talents,ChinaProject of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.13JC1407500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.09CX04026A)Excellent Youth and Middle Age Scientists Fund of Shandong Province,China(No.BS2010DX038)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.14CX02171A)
文摘Inspired by the modulation mechanism of neuroendocrine-immune system(NEIs),a novel structure of artificial neural network(ANN) named NEI-NN and its learning method are presented.The NEI-NN includes two parts,i.e.,positive subnetwork(PSN) and negative sub-network(NSN).The neuron functions of PSN and NSN are designed according to the increased and decreased secretion functions of hormone,respectively.In order to make the novel neural network learn quickly,the novel neuron based on some characteristics of NEIs is also redesigned.Besides the normal input signals,two control signals are considered in the proposed solution.One is the enable/disable signal,and the other is the slope control signal.The former can modify the structure of NEI-NN,and the later can regulate the evolutionary speed of NEINN.The NEI-NN can obtain the optimized network structure by using error back-propagation(BP) learning algorithm.Since the modeling of the beam pumping unit is very difficult by using the conventional method,the modeling of bean bump unit is chosen to examine the performance of the NEI-NN.The experiment results show that the optimized structure and learning speed of NEI-NN are better than those of the conventional neural network.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60802056 and 61073091)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China (No. 2010JM8028)the Foundation of Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of Xi’an University of Technology,China (No. 105-211010)
文摘The artificial endocrine system (AES) is a new branch of natural computing which uses ideas and takes inspiration from the information processing mechanisms contained in the mammalian endocrine system. It is a fast growing research field in which a variety of new theoretical models and technical methods have been studied for dealing with complex and significant problems. An overview of some recent advances in AES modeling and its applications is provided in this paper, based on the major and latest works. This review covers theoretical modeling, combinations of algorithms, and typical application fields. A number of challenges that can be undertaken to help move the field forward are discussed according to the current state of the AES approach.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. TD2011-22)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 8132040)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No. Z111100058911003)
文摘Endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC） pollution in river-based artificial groundwater recharge using reclaimed municipal wastewater poses a potential threat to groundwater-based drinking water supplies in Beijing, China. Lab-scale leaching column experiments simulating recharge were conducted to study the adsorption, biodegradation, and transport characteristics of three selected EDCs： 17β-estradiol（E2）, 17α-ethinylestradiol（EE2） and bisphenol A（BPA）. The three recharge columns were operated under the conditions of continual sterilization recharge（CSR）, continual recharge（CR）, and wetting and drying alternative recharge（WDAR）. The results showed that the attenuation effect of the EDCs was in the order of WDAR 〉 CR 〉 CSR system and E2 〉 EE2 〉 BPA, which followed first-order kinetics. The EDC attenuation rate constants were 0.0783, 0.0505, and 0.0479 m-1 for E2, EE2 and BPA in the CR system, respectively. The removal rates of E2, EE2, and BPA in the CR system were 98%, 96% and 92%, which mainly depended on biodegradation and were affected by water temperature.In the CR system, the concentrations of BPA, EE2, and E2 in soil were 4, 6 and 10 times higher than in the WDAR system, respectively. According to the DGGE fingerprints, the bacterial community in the bottom layer was more diverse than in the upper layer, which was related to the EDC concentrations in the water-soil system. The dominant group was found to be proteobacteria, including Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, suggesting that these microbes might play an important role in EDC degradation.
文摘目的观察气囊上滞留物的引流对呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发病的影响。方法将EICU病房82例机械通气患者随机分成气囊上滞留物引流组41例和非引流组41例。定期对两组患者的口咽部、气囊上滞留物和下呼吸道分泌物进行细菌学检测，记录患者机械通气时间、总住院时间、气囊上滞留物的引流量及致病菌浓度、发生 VAP的病例数，依据防污染毛刷采样（PSB）定量培养结果确定 VAP的病原体。结果引流组早发VAP发生率、机械通气时间、总住院时间、患者最后转归等结果明显优于非引流组，且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）；引流组气囊上滞留物致病菌的浓度明显低于非引流组细菌的浓度，且两组相比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）；气囊上滞留物与下呼吸道病原体有一致性和相似的构成比。结论气囊上滞留物是VAP病原体的重要来源；气囊上滞留物引流方法简便，可降低早发性VAP的发生率，使VAP发生时间延迟，病死率降低，机械通气时间及住院时间缩短。
