Background: The guild concept is useful for understanding the community structure in a land-bridge island system,but most fragmentation studies have focused only on the importance of island area and isolation, other i...Background: The guild concept is useful for understanding the community structure in a land-bridge island system,but most fragmentation studies have focused only on the importance of island area and isolation, other island attributes such as perimeter-area ratio(PAR) were overlooked or understudied.Methods: We have adopted a guild approach to investigate the impacts of island attributes on bird guild richness on a set of 41 recently isolated land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake(TIL), China.Results: We found insectivores had the largest number of species(34 species), fol owed by understory foraging guilds(28 species), omnivores(27 species) and canopy guilds(25 species). Furthermore, our data showed that migrants and residents responded equal y to island area, insectivores and understory guilds were sensitive to island area but omnivores and canopy guilds were not very sensitive. Most guild richness was determined by island area, except for omnivores and canopy guilds.Conclusions: Although PAR or habitat diversity found to be important for bird species richness, our results highlight the importance of island area in maintaining bird diversity in fragmented island systems.展开更多
To evaluate the status and changes of macrobenthic communities related to the construction of the Longkou Artificial Island(LAI)in the Bohai Sea,China,four annual surveys were conducted from 2010 to 2013.Significant c...To evaluate the status and changes of macrobenthic communities related to the construction of the Longkou Artificial Island(LAI)in the Bohai Sea,China,four annual surveys were conducted from 2010 to 2013.Significant changes on environmental variations and macrobenthic communities were observed in 2013 after the LAI construction a couple of years later.The changing environment was primarily presented by lower values of pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),organic material(OM)percentage,and higher salinity,suspended particulate matter(SPM)concentration and oil concentration.The main dominant species shifted from Polychaeta taxa in 2010 to Mollusca taxa in 2013 due to the changes of environmental variables.An apparent miniaturization tendency in body size of macrobenthic species was presented from 2010 to 2013.The biodiversity indices increased yearly from 2010 to 2013.However,inter-site homogenization was observed in both the community structure and health status.Multivariate AZTI Marine Biotic Index(M-AMBI)analysis showed that the health status of stations changed depending on its original status and distance to the LAI.However,no significant differences were found in the spatial distribution of either environmental variables or abundance,biomass and biodiversity of macrobenthic communities.All the results will provide a basis for the long-term ecological assessment of reclamation.展开更多
Artificial groundwater recharge is a promising technology to address the threat to water supply posed by climate change.An artificial groundwater recharge project,which directs water from seasonal flash flooding into ...Artificial groundwater recharge is a promising technology to address the threat to water supply posed by climate change.An artificial groundwater recharge project,which directs water from seasonal flash flooding into a volcanic aquifer,is being conducted展开更多
The development and growing population has resulted in the increasing demand for potable water in tiny atolls of Lakshadweep group,off the western coast of India.In recent years,the groundwater quality,in such atolls,...The development and growing population has resulted in the increasing demand for potable water in tiny atolls of Lakshadweep group,off the western coast of India.In recent years,the groundwater quality,in such atolls,has been deteriorated due to indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater to meet the demand.Thus arranging a sustainable supply of groundwater has become the most challenging task on these tiny atolls for the survival of human life. Groundwater floats in the form of thin lens,which展开更多
This study aims to evaluate measures against the Urban Heat Island (UHI) regarding artificial exhaust heat of road traffic using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the Tokyo Ward Area where the degree of UHI is p...This study aims to evaluate measures against the Urban Heat Island (UHI) regarding artificial exhaust heat of road traffic using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the Tokyo Ward Area where the degree of UHI is particularly strong. We developed a GIS database that reflected road traffic conditions, and calculated the volume of artificial exhaust heat of road traffic to evaluate measures against the UHI. The findings of this study can be summarized in the following three points. 1) Artificial exhaust heat volume for moving targets was remarkably higher than that of stationary targets and, in particular, artificial exhaust heat volume was high on roads with remarkable numbers of vehicles and running speeds such as expressways and ring roads. 2) In UHI- related policy for moving targets, the suppression of waste heat through choice of fuel burned, improvement of traffic flow by securing space for cyclists and pedestrians, development of bypasses, and upgrading signal control managed to reduce artificial exhaust heat volume, even though there were differences in degree of reduction. 3) In UHI-related policy for stationary targets, special road surfaces and the increase in efficiency of energy consumption equipment achieved a reduction ratio of around 30% in artificial exhaust heat volume, more than moving targets as well as making it possible to expect a reduction in artificial exhaust heat volume on a wide scale.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31170397)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Background: The guild concept is useful for understanding the community structure in a land-bridge island system,but most fragmentation studies have focused only on the importance of island area and isolation, other island attributes such as perimeter-area ratio(PAR) were overlooked or understudied.Methods: We have adopted a guild approach to investigate the impacts of island attributes on bird guild richness on a set of 41 recently isolated land-bridge islands in the Thousand Island Lake(TIL), China.Results: We found insectivores had the largest number of species(34 species), fol owed by understory foraging guilds(28 species), omnivores(27 species) and canopy guilds(25 species). Furthermore, our data showed that migrants and residents responded equal y to island area, insectivores and understory guilds were sensitive to island area but omnivores and canopy guilds were not very sensitive. Most guild richness was determined by island area, except for omnivores and canopy guilds.Conclusions: Although PAR or habitat diversity found to be important for bird species richness, our results highlight the importance of island area in maintaining bird diversity in fragmented island systems.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDA23050304,XDA23050202)the Key Research Project of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDB-SSW-DQC041)+1 种基金the Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(No.2015FY210300)the Self Deployment Project of Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YIC Y755021012)。
文摘To evaluate the status and changes of macrobenthic communities related to the construction of the Longkou Artificial Island(LAI)in the Bohai Sea,China,four annual surveys were conducted from 2010 to 2013.Significant changes on environmental variations and macrobenthic communities were observed in 2013 after the LAI construction a couple of years later.The changing environment was primarily presented by lower values of pH,dissolved oxygen(DO),organic material(OM)percentage,and higher salinity,suspended particulate matter(SPM)concentration and oil concentration.The main dominant species shifted from Polychaeta taxa in 2010 to Mollusca taxa in 2013 due to the changes of environmental variables.An apparent miniaturization tendency in body size of macrobenthic species was presented from 2010 to 2013.The biodiversity indices increased yearly from 2010 to 2013.However,inter-site homogenization was observed in both the community structure and health status.Multivariate AZTI Marine Biotic Index(M-AMBI)analysis showed that the health status of stations changed depending on its original status and distance to the LAI.However,no significant differences were found in the spatial distribution of either environmental variables or abundance,biomass and biodiversity of macrobenthic communities.All the results will provide a basis for the long-term ecological assessment of reclamation.
文摘Artificial groundwater recharge is a promising technology to address the threat to water supply posed by climate change.An artificial groundwater recharge project,which directs water from seasonal flash flooding into a volcanic aquifer,is being conducted
文摘The development and growing population has resulted in the increasing demand for potable water in tiny atolls of Lakshadweep group,off the western coast of India.In recent years,the groundwater quality,in such atolls,has been deteriorated due to indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater to meet the demand.Thus arranging a sustainable supply of groundwater has become the most challenging task on these tiny atolls for the survival of human life. Groundwater floats in the form of thin lens,which
文摘This study aims to evaluate measures against the Urban Heat Island (UHI) regarding artificial exhaust heat of road traffic using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the Tokyo Ward Area where the degree of UHI is particularly strong. We developed a GIS database that reflected road traffic conditions, and calculated the volume of artificial exhaust heat of road traffic to evaluate measures against the UHI. The findings of this study can be summarized in the following three points. 1) Artificial exhaust heat volume for moving targets was remarkably higher than that of stationary targets and, in particular, artificial exhaust heat volume was high on roads with remarkable numbers of vehicles and running speeds such as expressways and ring roads. 2) In UHI- related policy for moving targets, the suppression of waste heat through choice of fuel burned, improvement of traffic flow by securing space for cyclists and pedestrians, development of bypasses, and upgrading signal control managed to reduce artificial exhaust heat volume, even though there were differences in degree of reduction. 3) In UHI-related policy for stationary targets, special road surfaces and the increase in efficiency of energy consumption equipment achieved a reduction ratio of around 30% in artificial exhaust heat volume, more than moving targets as well as making it possible to expect a reduction in artificial exhaust heat volume on a wide scale.
