EFFECTS OF WATER-DEPTH ON HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE OF ARTIFICIAL REEF

The effects of water-depth on the hydrodynamic force of the artificial reef were studied by simulating regular and irregular waves. The computational results show that the water-depth has a substantial effect on hydrodynamic force. The hydrodynamic force increases with the decrease of water-depth in shallow. Especially, in the ultra-shallow water these loads increase very evidently with the decrease of water-depth. The long-term values of hydrodynamic force increase with the decrease of the ratio of water-depth to reef height, and are about 10% larger than those of deep water when the ratio of water-depth to reef height is 4.0. However water-depth hardly affects the long term values of hydrodynamic force when the ratio of water-depth to reef height is larger than 6.0.

Particle image velocimetry and numerical simulations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of an artificial reef

This article reports a particle image velocimetry study and the comparative results of a numerical simulation into the hydrodynamic characteristics around an artificial reef.We reveal the process of flow separation and vortex evolution,and compare the force terms generated by our artificial reef model.The numerical simulation agrees well with experimental results,showing the applicability of computational fluid dynamics to the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef.Furthermore,we numerically simulate the hydrodynamics of the reef model for seven velocities.The results show that the drag coefficient is approximately 1.21 in a self-modeling region for Reynolds numbers between 2.123×104and 9×104.Therefore,the upwelling height and current width of the flow field do not change significantly when the inflow velocity increases.Our study indicates that computational fluid dynamics can be applied to study the hydrodynamics of an artificial reef and offer clues to its construction.

Numerical research on water exchange of artificial reef in Yangmeikeng

Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulation is used in the study of water exchange capability,water residence time and conservative substance distribution in Yangmeikeng artificial reef area,which were helpful to marine environmental quality assessment and marine ecological changing mechanism research of artificial reef area.Furthermore the distance of reef clusters is changed to investigate the hydrodynamic characters and water exchange capability of the whole reef area in order to analyze the reasonable layout of artificial reef area.

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a modeled reef located within a current

The hydrodynamic forces and flow field of artificial reef models in steady flow were numerically investigated using the RNG κ-ε turbulent model. The numerical simulation results are consistent with results observed by experimental means. A comparative study indicates that the corresponding errors of forces between calculated values and values observed in the experiment vary in the range of2.3%-11.2% and that the corresponding errors of velocities vary in the range of 1.3%-15.8%. The flow field numerical results show that upstream and vortices exist when the current passes over and through the surface of the reef model. This study suggests that the numerical simulation method can be applied to predict the forces and flow field associated with artificial reefs.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Effects of Disposal Space on the Flow Field Around the Combined Three-Tube Reefs

The artificial reefs placed on the seabed with different layouts and disposal spaces will produce variational flow field. The intensity and scale of the combined three-tube artificial reefs with different layouts at five Reynolds numbers（Re） are numerically investigated by use of the RNG k-ε turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm. A stationary no-slip boundary condition is used on the models and the bottoms, and the free surface is treated as a ＂moving wall＂ with zero shear force and the same velocity with inflow. In order to validate the simulation results, a particle image velocimetry（PIV） experiment is carried out to analyze the flow field. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the data obtained from experiment. The corresponding errors are all below 20%. Based on the validation, the effects of disposal space on flow field are simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation, in a parallel combination, a better artificial reef effect is obtained when the disposal space between two parallel reefs is 1.0L（L is the length of the combined three-tube reef model）. In a vertical combination, when the disposal space between two vertical reefs is 1.0L to 2.0L, the artificial reef effect is better.

十字型人工鱼礁礁体的水动力计算

针对连云港投放礁体海域的波流状况、水深等设计了十字型礁体,并根据波流动力学理论计算了此礁体受到的最大作用力。该十字型礁体在波流共同作用下的最大受力为2940 N,作用力矩为5699 N·m。与礁体受到的静摩擦力、重力矩相比,满足礁体稳定条件,即礁体在海底不会发生滑移或翻滚。

波浪作用下三角型人工鱼礁水动力特性数值模拟与实验验证

人工鱼礁在波浪作用下水动力特性的研究对于人工鱼礁的工程安全与设计具有非常重要的意义。基于有限体积法,采用推板造波形式,通过利用VOF方法求解波面的方式建立了模拟人工鱼礁与波浪相互作用的三维数值波浪水槽。基于该数值模型研究了波浪作用下三角型镂空人工鱼礁的受力情况,并与物理模型实验结果进行比较,结果显示模拟得到的人工鱼礁受力和波浪形态均与实验结果吻合良好。根据数值模拟结果,拟合出波浪作用下人工鱼礁的水动力系数。单体三角型镂空人工鱼礁的速度力系数Cd随着Kc数、Re数的增加呈现减小的趋势;惯性力系数Cm则随着Kc数、Re数的增加呈现波动趋势。数值模拟结果显示在一个波浪周期内,人工鱼礁周围产生了较强的上升流和回流,其内部产生了明显的涡旋结构。研究结果为人工鱼礁的设计优化提供了理论依据。