Dynamical Model Updating Based on Modal Tests with Changed Structure

A new approach to modifying the stiffness and mass matrices of finite element models is presented to improve the calculation precision.By measuring the mode frequencies and shapes of both of the original and the new structures with changed stiffness and mass,the stiffness and mass matrices of the finite element model can be updated through matrices calculation and solving algebra equations.Taking a multi-freedom model as an example,the relation between the number of the modes and the correction precision of stiffness and mass matrix elements is researched.The facility and precision of the method are totally confirmed especially when the modeling error is known limited to a definite local range.The feasibility of the approach is proven by an effective engineering application to the model updating of a wing piece used in flutter test.

DYNAMICS ANALYSIS OF SPECIAL STRUCTURE OF MILLING-HEAD MACHINE TOOL

The milling-head machine tool is a sophisticated and high-quality machine tool of which the spindle system is made up of special multi-element structure. Two special mechanical configurations make the cutting performance of the machine tool decline. One is the milling head spindle supported on two sets of complex bearings. The mechanical dynamic rigidity of milling head structure is researched on designed digital prototype with finite element analysis（FEA） and modal synthesis analysis （ MSA ） for identifying the weak structures. The other is the ram structure hanging on milling head. The structure is researched to get dynamic performance on cutting at different ram extending positions. The analysis results on spindle and ram are used to improve the mechanical configurations and structure in design. The machine tool is built up with modified structure and gets better dynamic rigidity than it was before.

Structural optimization of precision instruments through modal analysis

In order to improve the dynamic stability of precision instruments during the design process, a compositive design method based on modal analysis of structure is proposed. With uniform boundary conditions and material characters, the results of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) vary with models. It should be checked whether the model is correctly simplified. Modal experiments can be used for such purpose. The method combines the high efficiency and agility of FEA with the reliability and accuracy of experiments, and avoids the drawbacks of FEA or experiments, such as uncertainty of FEA and high cost of experiments. Taking rotor frame structure as an example, this method is applied as follows: First the modal characters of structure are analyzed with FEA, and then the natural frequencies of the structure are tested by experiments to check the reliability of FEA method, and finally the design scheme is optimized by modifying structure parameters with confirmed FEA.

Dynamic analysis and modal test of long-span cable-stayed bridge based on ambient excitation

To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.

Dynamic self-adaptive ANP algorithm and its application to electric field simulation of aluminum reduction cell

Region partition(RP) is the key technique to the finite element parallel computing(FEPC),and its performance has a decisive influence on the entire process of analysis and computation.The performance evaluation index of RP method for the three-dimensional finite element model(FEM) has been given.By taking the electric field of aluminum reduction cell(ARC) as the research object,the performance of two classical RP methods,which are Al-NASRA and NGUYEN partition(ANP) algorithm and the multi-level partition(MLP) method,has been analyzed and compared.The comparison results indicate a sound performance of ANP algorithm,but to large-scale models,the computing time of ANP algorithm increases notably.This is because the ANP algorithm determines only one node based on the minimum weight and just adds the elements connected to the node into the sub-region during each iteration.To obtain the satisfied speed and the precision,an improved dynamic self-adaptive ANP(DSA-ANP) algorithm has been proposed.With consideration of model scale,complexity and sub-RP stage,the improved algorithm adaptively determines the number of nodes and selects those nodes with small enough weight,and then dynamically adds these connected elements.The proposed algorithm has been applied to the finite element analysis(FEA) of the electric field simulation of ARC.Compared with the traditional ANP algorithm,the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm has been shortened approximately from 260 s to 13 s.This proves the superiority of the improved algorithm on computing time performance.

Dynamic Characteristics of Inflated Torus Using Finite Element Analysis

In recent years, inflatable structures have been a subject of interest for space applications such as communication antenna, solar thermal propulsion and entry/landing systems. The inflatable structures characterized by high strength-to-mass ratios, minimal stowage volume, which makes them suitable for cost-effective large space structures. A typical example for the inflatable structure is the inflated torus which often used in order to provide structure support. In this study, our main focus is to understand the dynamic characteristics of an inflated torus in order to formulate an accurate mathematical model suitable for active vibration control applications. A commercial finite element package, ANSYS, is used to model the inflated torus. To verify the model the obtained frequencies and mode shapes are compared with the published results, which are derived using analytical approach, the verification shows a good agreement between the FEM and the analytical results. Based on the verified model, parametric study was investigated; the material thickness increase causes the natural frequencies decrease, while the increase of the inflation pressure simply results in stiffening the ring, which means that the natural frequency increased. The FEM analysis gives an easy and fast way for the vibration analysis of the structures compared with the complicated analytical solutions.

基于振动速度与噪音的横梁动态特性优化

针对某型小五轴高精密数控机床加工精度不高的问题,对其横梁的动态性能进行研究.采用锤击模态测试实验与有限元模拟计算相结合的方法,对横梁的固有频率进行研究;测量主轴不同转速下的振动速度和振动噪音,通过赋权处理,建立振动评价指标方程,得到优化目标;对所研究横梁进行形状优化.试验与仿真所得固有频率最大误差为5.76%;基于主轴振动情况确定83~117 Hz的频率范围,作为横梁设计时需要避开的低阶固有频率范围.经过形状优化后,横梁的一阶固有频率为139 Hz,相较于原横梁增加了约20.870%,横梁的动态性能得到改善.

不同储粮工况下柱承式立筒仓结构动力特性

柱承式立筒仓广泛应用于国家粮食储备,不同储粮工况对其结构动力特性影响显著。为揭示粮食散体对柱承式立筒仓动力特性的影响规律,结合某实际柱承式立筒仓设计制作了缩尺比例为1/25的有机玻璃筒仓模型,在空仓、半仓、3/4仓和满仓4种储粮状态下,进行了振动台模态试验、有限元数值分析和自振频率理论计算。结果表明:不同储粮工况对柱承式立筒仓试验模型的固有频率影响显著,随储粮状态变化,固有频率减小幅度较大,应在结构设计中加以考虑;空仓状态下阻尼比最小,满仓状态比空仓增大42.65%,仓内原有储粮越多,阻尼比增值越大,减震耗能效果越明显;有限元模型一阶固有频率与试验值平均误差为5.1%,所建有限元模型较为合理,为结构动力响应分析及结构设计提供一种合理的数值模拟方法;简化的三质点串联多自由度的弹性动力模型较为准确计算柱承式立筒仓在4种储粮工况下的固有频率,试验值与理论值平均误差为5.6%。研究结果可为柱承式立筒仓结构动力特性计算提供参考,为其抗震性能设计提供理论基础和试验依据。

风电机组纯钢塔架和组合式塔架动力特性对比研究

对某风电场2.0 MW风电机组120 m高单管式风力发电钢塔和钢-混凝土组合式风力发电塔的振动进行长期监测,分别采用峰值拾取法(PP)和随机子空间法(SSI)对塔架的模态参数进行识别和分析,并与数值分析结果进行对比。结果表明:两座塔架的振动主要以前三阶模态为主,高阶模态的影响不可忽略。相较于钢-混凝土组合塔架,纯钢塔架受塔顶叶轮转动的影响更大,更易发生共振。模态阻尼中气动阻尼占比较大,其与环境风速和桨距角关系密切,与风速呈非线性关系,并且在桨叶变桨时变化明显。对比实测识别和数值分析结果发现,两座塔架的模态频率以及混塔的振型数值分析结果与实测结果比较吻合,钢塔的振型数值分析结果与实测结果存在差异,在运维养护时应重点关注。

龙羊峡重力拱坝模态识别与材料参数反演

基于龙羊峡重力拱坝实测振动数据,利用随机子空间法进行了大坝模态参数识别,建立了坝体-地基-库水系统的三维流固耦合有限元模型。根据识别出的一阶频率,分别考虑均质地基及分层地基,反演了坝体与基岩材料参数,并通过有限元软件ABAQUS进行了大坝的动力特征分析。结果表明:龙羊峡重力拱坝的一阶频率为2.778~3.196 Hz,反演得到坝体的弹性模量约为50 GPa~52 GPa;对于均值地基,其弹性模量的反演值为30 GPa;对于分层地基,2 490 m高程以下区域的弹性模量为34 GPa;实测振动数据反演得到的坝体弹性模量和地基弹性模量高于其设计值;龙羊峡重力拱坝的前3阶振型分别为正对称、反对称与正对称,其1阶频率和2阶频率相差较大,与重力坝自振频率分布特征相似。

基于多尺度有限元建模技术的GJ-III型扣件轨道动力特性分析

GJ-III型扣件轨道作为地铁线路一种中等减振轨道,服役后出现钢轨短波长波磨,导致高频轮轨振动噪声问题。为探明该轨道的动力特性,利用ABAQUS软件建立减振扣件轨道的三维有限元模型。为减小有限长轨道边界反射波影响并同时保证计算效率,采用多尺度建模技术将轨道简化为梁-壳-实体模型。利用该模型探究了轮轨耦合作用下的轨道垂向动力特性,分析了扣件垂向刚度和阻尼对轨道垂向频响特性的影响。结果表明:(1)将50.0 m实体轨道模型简化为12.5 m实体和37.5 m梁-壳模型,可节约65.3%的计算时间,同时仿真与现场测试结果基本一致。(2)钢轨垂向一阶弯曲和pinned-pinned共振模态在轨道垂向位移导纳上表征明显,其频带分别为100~150 Hz和1022~1101 Hz。(3)减振扣件轨道在100 Hz以下振动响应表现为钢轨和道床板的整体弯曲和扭转振动;车辆静载集中力引起的钢轨预应力会诱发400~800 Hz轮对间轨道垂向频响峰值。(4)考虑柔性轮对作用后,轨道垂向位移导纳在分别在43 Hz、381 Hz和641 Hz处出现新的明显峰值,分别对应于轮轨耦合的P2共振模态、轮对间钢轨垂向二、三阶弯曲模态。柔性车轮在180 Hz、341 Hz和504 Hz处的振动模态也会引起钢轨垂向导纳出现新峰值。轮对质量效应对减振扣件轨道50~250 Hz内垂向振动有抑制作用,钢轨不易萌生该频段波磨。(5)钢轨垂向一阶弯曲、P2共振和轮对间钢轨垂向弯曲频率均随扣件垂向刚度增加而增加,扣件垂向阻尼仅对轨道导纳波动幅值有抑制作用。

模型过度降阶简化造成的模态分析误差研究

为了提高航天器复杂结构体的模态分析效率,通常会要求大幅减少有限元模型的网格数量,因此需要对结构体模型进行大量的降阶处理工作,但并不是所有的结构体都能符合一般降阶简化规则,强行降阶和过度简化有可能引起较大的误差。基于上述问题,对结构体基本几何形状的实体模型和降阶模型的固有频率进行了对比仿真,对固有频率相对误差进行了计算分析,验证了模型过度降阶的适用性和误差范围,为有限元模型降阶和简化提供了参考依据。

悬臂同轴双转子系统不平衡耦合振动抑制试验研究

针对悬臂同轴双转子系统不平衡耦合振动突出问题,以某开式转子发动机输出端双转子系统为研究对象,对悬臂双转子系统振动耦合机理进行了理论推导、仿真分析和试验研究。首先,采用有限元法(FEM)建立了双转子系统等效动力学模型和耦合动力学方程,分析了悬臂同轴双转子系统耦合振动机理;然后,利用有限元软件对双转子系统进行了模态分析、临界转速分析以及不平衡响应分析,建立了自敏感系数概念以定量评价系统对不平衡振动的敏感度和耦合状态;最后,根据实际结构设计了悬臂同轴双转子实验台,进行了不同转速比下的不平衡振动抑制实验,并结合实验结果对仿真结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:模拟仿真提出的自敏感系数可作为双转子系统实际振动测点布置和不平衡振动抑制策略的理论依据;通过应用先平衡内转子后平衡外转子的不平衡振动分步抑振策略,可使双转子系统不平衡振动降幅达80%以上。该研究对双转子系统传感器测点布局和系统耦合振动抑制具有一定的指导意义。

基于低粘度硅油波动的动态干涉仪误差标定

液面绝对检验法通常以高粘度液体平面作为基准标定光学平晶的平整度,基准液面的稳定时间及受干扰后恢复时间长。文章提出动态液面绝对检验法,采用动态干涉仪测量低粘度硅油表面的动态面形,将其平均值作为基准面,用于标定干涉仪的系统误差。基于多维模态分析原理,建立液面波动模型,使用有限元法进行仿真。仿真结果显示,动态液面是以地球半径对应的标准液面为基准的垂直波动,振幅呈余弦形式。液面平整度在采样时间内剩余误差的均值可以控制在10^(-3)nm量级。在Φ300mm立式动态斐索干涉仪上采用0.65Cst粘度、液面厚度3mm的硅油进行实验,采样时间30s。将低粘度硅油动态干涉测量标定结果与静态绝对检验结果进行比对,二者面形分布一致,PV值偏差为λ/63,RMS值偏差为λ/400。仿真和实验结果证明了干涉仪系统误差可以用低粘度硅油干涉测量均值结果标定。

基于模态重分析的GFEM模型突风响应计算

基于模态重分析技术,提出一种适合全局有限元模型(global finite element model, GFEM)的突风动响应高效计算方法。针对模型局部结构质量或刚度的细微变化,进行增量建模,充分利用现有构型结果,避免了传统分析中重复计算的步骤。对于质量阵的变化,以已有构型模态向量为初始向量,通过迭代分析进行特征值求解,针对刚度阵的微小变化,特别引入Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury公式,实现刚度逆矩阵的增量分析,从而克服了大规模GFEM模型的特征值求解效率低的问题,最终建立了一套适合于工程应用的GFEM突风高效动响应分析方法。采用GTA模型进行了突风分析算法的验证,在此基础上,基于某模型机翼,对模态重分析算法在突风动响应分析中的应用进行了研究。结果表明,通过LU分解可避免保存稠密形式的刚度逆矩阵,通过合理的松弛因子和收敛阈值,可有效提升计算效率。

重切龙门镗铣加工中心结构静动态特性分析

为了在设计阶段精准评估重切龙门镗铣加工中心结构的动静态特性,建立加工中心整机结构有限元仿真模型,分析其静、动态特性。通过模态测试验证动态仿真模型的准确性和有效性,根据分析结果提出加工中心的结构优化建议。结果表明:由于滑枕的静刚度不足,导致加工中心Y方向的静刚度较低,在1 500 N切削力作用下,最大变形可达0.008 137 mm;加工中心的前6阶实测固有频率分别是41.87、55.69、88.06、103.45、129.68、159.41 Hz,前6阶固有频率的平均仿真计算误差为6.5%,立柱和滑枕位置在外部激振力作用下易发生较大的动态变形响应。

车辆匀速过桥时桥梁动态响应特征及其模态参数识别研究

为揭示车辆荷载作用下桥梁动态响应规律及其动力特性,通过数值模拟方法对移动车辆作用下的桥梁振动响应及其模态参数识别进行研究。基于车辆与桥梁耦合系统的运动方程通过ANSYS建立简支梁及四自由度车辆的有限元模型,完成模态分析后计算不同参数条件(车速、粗糙度、车重)下的桥梁振动响应,分析表明:车辆匀速过桥时,在车速为10~30 km/h区间内桥梁位移响应存在最大值,加速度响应随车速增加而增大;位移和加速度响应均随着路面粗糙度增加而增大;相比动态成分,位移响应拟静态成分受车重影响较大。对全程振动响应和自由振动响应数据,分别采用解析模式分解(Analytical Mode Decomposition,AMD)结合随机子空间识别(Stochastic Subspace Identification,SSI)和基于特征值分解的算法识别桥梁的模态参数。结果表明:车速为10~30 km/h时识别的频率、阻尼比更加准确。因此采用移动车辆对桥梁进行动力激振试验时,应根据识别的模态特征选择合适的车速。研究成果可为实际工程移动车辆激振动力试验的实施提供理论参考。

某船用齿轮箱基座的振动特性分析

目的保证船用齿轮箱在不同试验工况下的振动噪声的设计要求,对船用齿轮箱基座的振动特性进行分析。方法首先对船用齿轮箱基座进行模态分析,分析齿轮箱基座在不同阶数下有效质量与总质量的比值,同时提取不同方向下的有效质量与参与系数最大的模态进行分析。然后利用频响计算中的完全法对某型船用齿轮箱基座进行振动响应计算,提取3个点结果进行有限元分析,并利用锤击法对某型船用齿轮箱基座的3个测点进行机械阻抗的测试。结果通过有效质量分析,提取了前1000阶中的主要模态,分析模态发现,在齿轮箱基座的大部分区域,结构响应几乎为0,20、923、131、162、10阶出现模态为同一局部区域的模态,且23、131阶模态表现为平动及扭转振型。有限元频响计算结果表明,有限元计算结果在低频段的阻抗值更加稳定。随着频率增加,阻抗值逐渐降低,测试值的对数平均值与参考值的差值最大值为11.46 dB。计算值的对数平均值与参考值的差值最大值为10.3 dB,且逐渐接近100 dB。计算值的对数平均值与测试值对数平均值的差值均在2 dB左右。结论通过计算发现,有限元计算值接近参考值,且与参考值大多数差值均在10 dB之内。计算值与测试值接近,可以作为船用齿轮箱基座的振动噪声设计依据,为后续各型号船用齿轮箱基座优化设计打下了坚实的基础,极大提升了数字化驱动设计技术水平。

基于有限元的直升机桨毂整流罩动力学特性分析

直升机桨毂整流罩模态频率及振型是整流罩结构设计的关键参数,当其固有频率与激振频率相接近时会发生共振,造成结构破坏或脱落,进而影响飞行安全。尾桨整流罩由于其安装位置的特殊性及振动环境的复杂性,需进行模态分析以保证其结构设计合理。基于有限元法对整流罩进行建模,开展了不同转速及不同安装边界约束的模态分析。研究结果表明:随着转速增大,整流罩受到的预应力增大,从而造成拉伸刚度、弯曲刚度和扭转刚度发生不同程度的变化;相比于转速变化,整流罩安装边界约束条件改变对频率影响更明显;该整流罩频率与各阶激振频率都具有一定间隔,说明其结构设计合理。

An Improved Model Reduction Method on AIMs for N-S Equations Using Multilevel Finite Element Method and Hierarchical Basis

A numerical method is proposed to approach the Approximate Inertial Man-ifolds(AIMs)in unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations,using multilevel fi-nite element method with hierarchical basis functions.Following AIMS,the unknown variables,velocity and pressure in the governing equations,are divided into two com-ponents,namely low modes and high modes.Then,the couplings between low modes and high modes,which are not accounted by standard Galerkin method,are consid-ered by AIMs,to improve the accuracy of the numerical results.Further,the multilevel finite element method with hierarchical basis functions is introduced to approach low modes and high modes in an efficient way.As an example,the flow around airfoil NACA0012 at different angles of attack has been simulated by the method presented,and the comparisons show that there is a good agreement between the present method and experimental results.In particular,the proposed method takes less computing time than the traditional method.As a conclusion,the present method is efficient in numer-ical analysis of fluid dynamics,especially in computing time.