The reproductive methods of ornamental arrowroot(Maranta arundinacea)mainly include plant division,cutting propagation,truncation and sprout promotion propagation,and tissue culture.Large-scale seedling production mai...The reproductive methods of ornamental arrowroot(Maranta arundinacea)mainly include plant division,cutting propagation,truncation and sprout promotion propagation,and tissue culture.Large-scale seedling production mainly relies on tissue culture.In the process of tissue culture,the culture conditions can be artificially controlled,and the plant materials used for tissue culture grow completely in artificially-provided culture media and microclimate environment,free from the adverse effects of catastrophic climate,seasonal and diurnal changes.Because the conditions are relatively uniform,tissue culture is very beneficial for plant growth and more convenient for stable long-term cultivation and production.In the process of tissue culture,the inoculation process is more important.How can we achieve standardized operation and reduce pollution during the inoculation process is worth exploring.展开更多
Biochemical changes associated with flowering in Bambusa arundinacea Linn and Bambusa nutans Wall.ex Munro were analyzed.Gregarious flowering was initiated in natural areas and plantations of B.arundinacea in late 201...Biochemical changes associated with flowering in Bambusa arundinacea Linn and Bambusa nutans Wall.ex Munro were analyzed.Gregarious flowering was initiated in natural areas and plantations of B.arundinacea in late 2014 and reached full bloom in early 2015,whereas sporadic flowering recorded during 2014–2015 in vegetatively propagated plants of B.nutans.Leaf and nodal shoot samples from flowering culms/shoots and nonflowering culms/shoots were collected in February 2015 at the initiation of fruit filling,then analyzed and compared for soluble sugars,phenols and peroxidase activity.In both species sugars were higher in leaves of flowering culms/shoots and lower in nodal shoots of flowering culms/shoots compared to the nonflowering.Phenols were lower in leaves and nodal shoots of flowering B.arundinacea,but higher in leaves and decreases in nodal shoots of B.nutans.Peroxidase activity increases in leaves and nodal shoots of B.arundinacea after flowering but increases in nodal shoots and decreases in leaves of B.nutans.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to understand the physiological response of space flight mutation new strains of Festuca arundinacea to high temperature stress. [Method] The influence of high temperature stress on eco-physi...[Objective] The paper was to understand the physiological response of space flight mutation new strains of Festuca arundinacea to high temperature stress. [Method] The influence of high temperature stress on eco-physiological characteristics of 11 F. arundinacea materials was studied in a pot experiment.Physiological and biochemical indexes,including soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT) activities,were measured and analyzed once every 4 d for a total of three times. Subordinate function and grey rational analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the heat resistance of 11 materials. [Result] The soluble protein content decreased with the extension of heat resistance stress,while SOD,POD and CAT activities showed an upward trend. The high temperature resistance of 11 F. arundinacea materials was evaluated by subordinate function method. The resistance order was SP5-85> SP5-60 > SP5-71 > SP5-42 > SP5-94 > SP5-7 > SP5-88 > F. arundinacea cv Shuicheng > SP5-5 > SP5-89 = F. arundinacea cv Qiancao No. 1. The relational order of various heat resistance indexes and heat resistance obtained by grey rational analysis was SOD > CAT > POD > soluble protein content. [Conclusion]The result provides a theoretical basis for stress physiology and stress breeding of cold season grass in southwest region.展开更多
The cDNA of PHYC gene of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) was cloned by RT-PCR,named FaPHYC.The sequence was analyzed by bioinformatic software,and the results showed that the full-length cDNA(3816 bp) was obtained...The cDNA of PHYC gene of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) was cloned by RT-PCR,named FaPHYC.The sequence was analyzed by bioinformatic software,and the results showed that the full-length cDNA(3816 bp) was obtained with an open reading frame predicated to be 3 411 bp,which encoded 1 136 amino acids.By BLASTP analysis,the N-terminal of FaPHYC was composed of GAF and pPhytochrome domains,and its C-terminal included two repeated PAS domains,one histidine kinase A domain and one histidine kinase-like ATPase domain.The phylogenetic analysis showed that FaPHYC was closely related to PHYCs from other Gramineae plants.The qRT-PCR results showed that FaPHYC expression was regulated by drought stress,heat stress,salt stress and nitrogen stress.The real-time quantitative PCR assay showed the expression of FaPHYC in tall fescue seedlings was continuously up-regulated during the light period and down-regulated in the dark.The results suggest that FaPHYC is photoperiod sensitive and plays a functional role in flowering regulation by photoperiod in tall fescue.The FaPHYC gene was cloned and reported from tall fescue for the first time,which lays a foundation for the investigation of the stress mechanism of FaPHYC in tall fescue plant.展开更多
The admixture and recombination of individuals from the native range into a new range may lead to the production of invasive genotypes that have higher fitness and wider climatic tolerances than the native genotypes. ...The admixture and recombination of individuals from the native range into a new range may lead to the production of invasive genotypes that have higher fitness and wider climatic tolerances than the native genotypes. In this paper, we compare the survival and growth of native EU and invasive NA genotypes when planted back into the native EU range near where the EU genotypes were collected. We test this hypothesis using the invasive wetland grass Phalaris arundinacea. If invasive genotypes have evolved to have higher survival and growth, then they should outperform the native EU genotypes under field conditions that are better suited to the EU genotypes. Individual plants of the wetland grass, Phalaris arundinacea collected from native Europe (Czech Republic (CZ) and France (FR)) and North America (Vermont (VT) and North Carolina (NC)) were planted into common gardens in Trebon, Czech Republic (49.0042°N, 14.7721°E) and Moussac, France (43.9808°N, 4.2241°E). Invasive genotypes from North Carolina (NC) survived as well or better than native genotypes in both the Trebon and Moussac garden. Additionally, invasive NC genotypes suffered higher herbivore damage than native genotypes but their growth and survival were not significantly different than genotypes from the other re-gions. A companion field experiment that simulated biomass removal through grazing indicated that invasive NC genotypes recovered faster following grazing than genotypes from other regions. Our results suggest that not all invasive genotypes are superior and regional differences in aggressiveness between invasive genotypes are as great as differences between individuals from native and invasive populations. Introduction of genotypes leading to invasion depends upon the environmental conditions and the suitability of the climate for the introduced individuals.展开更多
Microbial inoculants were isolated from sewage sludge and applied to turfgrass medium. Effects of microbial inoculants on seed germination and initial growth of Festuca arundinacea L. were analyzed to investigate the ...Microbial inoculants were isolated from sewage sludge and applied to turfgrass medium. Effects of microbial inoculants on seed germination and initial growth of Festuca arundinacea L. were analyzed to investigate the optimal proportion of compound microbial inoculants. Significant differences were found in various growth indices and chlorophyll content of F. arundinacea between microbial treatment and control The combination of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Trichoderma reesei exhibited the best results. Compared with the control, seed germination rate, seedling height, shoot dry weight, root weight, chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll b content of F. arundinacea treated with the combination of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Trichoderma reesei were improved by 11.60%, 43.47%, 148%, 159%, 144% and 136%, respectively. Based on comprehensive analysis of various indicators, the optimal proportion (V/V) of microbial combination was Pseudomonas stutzeri: Tfichoderma reesei = 1: 1, which was the most conducive to plant growth and development.展开更多
In this paper, domestic and foreign advances in breeding situation and conventional breeding methods of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and the applica- tion of modem biological techniques ( somaclonal variation, somatic...In this paper, domestic and foreign advances in breeding situation and conventional breeding methods of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and the applica- tion of modem biological techniques ( somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, genetic map construction, genetic diversity, gene cloning and expression, ge- netic engineering) in breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea were summarized, which proposed new ideas for the development of F. arundinacea breeding and provided reference for breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of municipal solid waste resources, the remediation of contaminated substrates and the ecological safety of urban lawn planting. ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of municipal solid waste resources, the remediation of contaminated substrates and the ecological safety of urban lawn planting. [Methods] Graphene, multi-layer graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added to municipal solid waste(MSW) compost as turf substrate to determine the morphological indicators such as turfgrass biomass, chlorophyll contents and plant height. [Results] There were no significant differences in the plant height of Festuca arundinacea between different treatment groups in the first 30 d. The effects of adding different carbon nanomaterials on the fresh and dry weights of F. arundinacea were not significantly different. The aboveground biomass of F. arundinacea was the largest after adding graphene oxide, and the underground fresh weight decreased significantly in the hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotube treatment compared with the control. As to the chlorophyll content, the graphene oxide treatment was the highest, but there were no significant differences between all the treatment groups and the control group. [Conclusions] This study can provide data support for MSW compost substrate, lawn planting system and heavy metal pollutant passivating agents.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best solution for sterilizing tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)and ryegrass(Lolium perenne)seeds by heating in a water bath for a short time.[Methods]The tall fescue a...[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best solution for sterilizing tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)and ryegrass(Lolium perenne)seeds by heating in a water bath for a short time.[Methods]The tall fescue and ryegrass seeds infected with endophytic fungi were sterilized by heating in a water bath to compare seed germination and initial growth of turfgrass seedlings under different treatment time.[Results]Sterilization in a 60℃water bath for 20 and 30 min both inhibited the germination of tall fescue and ryegrass seeds,while the 20 min treatment did not significantly affect the lengths of stems,leaves and roots of seedlings.The 20 min water bath sterilization treatment had no effects on the plant heights and biomass of the two turfgrass seedlings and the tiller number of ryegrass,but sterilization for 30 min significantly reduced the aboveground and total biomass of seedlings and the tiller number of ryegrass.[Conclusions]Sterilization in a water bath at 60℃ for 20 min achieved rapid sterilization in a short time,without significantly negatively affecting the growth of seedlings.展开更多
Aims We aim to understand how small-scale genotypic richness and gen-otypic interactions influence the biomass and potential invasiveness of the invasive grass,Phalaris arundinacea under two different dis-turbance tre...Aims We aim to understand how small-scale genotypic richness and gen-otypic interactions influence the biomass and potential invasiveness of the invasive grass,Phalaris arundinacea under two different dis-turbance treatments:intact plots and disturbed plots,where all the native vegetation has been removed.Specifically,we address the following questions(i)Does genotypic richness increase biomass production?(ii)Do genotypic interactions promote or reduce bio-mass production?(iii)Does the effect of genotypic richness and gen-otypic interactions differ in different disturbance treatments?Finally(iv)Is phenotypic variation greater as genotypic richness increases?Methods We conducted a 2-year common garden experiment in which we manipulated genotype richness using eight genotypes planted under both intact and disturbed conditions in a wetland in Burlington,Vermont(44°27′23″N,73°11′29″W).The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design of three blocks,each containing 20 plots(0.5 m2)per disturbed treatment.We calculated total plot biomass and partitioned the net biodiversity effect into three com-ponents:dominance effect,trait-dependent complementarity and trait-independent complementarity.We calculated the phenotypic variance for each different genotype richness treatment under the two disturbance treatments.Important Findings Our results indicate that local genotypic richness does not increase total biomass production of the invasive grass P.arundinacea in either intact or disturbed treatments.However,genotypic interactions underlying the responses showed very different patterns in response to increasing genotypic richness.In the intact treatment,genotypic interactions resulted in the observed biomass being greater than the predicted biomass from monoculture plots(e.g.,overyielding)and this was driven by facilitation.However,facilitation was reduced as genotypic richness increased.In the disturbed treatment,genotypic interactions resulted in underyielding with observed biomass being slightly less than expected from the performance of genotypes in monocultures;however,underyielding was reduced as genotypic richness increased.Thus,in both treatments,higher genotypic rich-ness resulted in plot biomass nearing the additive biomass from indi-vidual monocultures.In general,higher genotypic richness buffered populations against interactions that would have reduced biomass and potentially spread.Phenotypic variance also had contrasting patterns in intact and disturbed treatments.In the intact treatment,phenotypic variance was low across all genotypic richness levels,while in the disturbed treatment,phenotypic variance estimates increased as genotypic richness increased.Thus,under the dis-turbed treatment,plots with higher genotypic richness had a greater potential response to selection.Therefore,limiting the introduction of new genotypes,even if existing genotypes of the invasive species are already present,should be considered a desirable management strategy to limit the invasive behavior of alien species.展开更多
文摘The reproductive methods of ornamental arrowroot(Maranta arundinacea)mainly include plant division,cutting propagation,truncation and sprout promotion propagation,and tissue culture.Large-scale seedling production mainly relies on tissue culture.In the process of tissue culture,the culture conditions can be artificially controlled,and the plant materials used for tissue culture grow completely in artificially-provided culture media and microclimate environment,free from the adverse effects of catastrophic climate,seasonal and diurnal changes.Because the conditions are relatively uniform,tissue culture is very beneficial for plant growth and more convenient for stable long-term cultivation and production.In the process of tissue culture,the inoculation process is more important.How can we achieve standardized operation and reduce pollution during the inoculation process is worth exploring.
基金carried out from research grant of Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education(ICFRE),Dehradun
文摘Biochemical changes associated with flowering in Bambusa arundinacea Linn and Bambusa nutans Wall.ex Munro were analyzed.Gregarious flowering was initiated in natural areas and plantations of B.arundinacea in late 2014 and reached full bloom in early 2015,whereas sporadic flowering recorded during 2014–2015 in vegetatively propagated plants of B.nutans.Leaf and nodal shoot samples from flowering culms/shoots and nonflowering culms/shoots were collected in February 2015 at the initiation of fruit filling,then analyzed and compared for soluble sugars,phenols and peroxidase activity.In both species sugars were higher in leaves of flowering culms/shoots and lower in nodal shoots of flowering culms/shoots compared to the nonflowering.Phenols were lower in leaves and nodal shoots of flowering B.arundinacea,but higher in leaves and decreases in nodal shoots of B.nutans.Peroxidase activity increases in leaves and nodal shoots of B.arundinacea after flowering but increases in nodal shoots and decreases in leaves of B.nutans.
基金Supported by United Fund of Guizhou Province(QKH J LKN[2013]24)Key Special Project of Guizhou Province(QKHZDZX[2014]6017)High-level Innovative Talents Training of Guizhou Province(QKHRC[2016]4024)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to understand the physiological response of space flight mutation new strains of Festuca arundinacea to high temperature stress. [Method] The influence of high temperature stress on eco-physiological characteristics of 11 F. arundinacea materials was studied in a pot experiment.Physiological and biochemical indexes,including soluble protein content,superoxide dismutase( SOD),peroxidase( POD) and catalase( CAT) activities,were measured and analyzed once every 4 d for a total of three times. Subordinate function and grey rational analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the heat resistance of 11 materials. [Result] The soluble protein content decreased with the extension of heat resistance stress,while SOD,POD and CAT activities showed an upward trend. The high temperature resistance of 11 F. arundinacea materials was evaluated by subordinate function method. The resistance order was SP5-85> SP5-60 > SP5-71 > SP5-42 > SP5-94 > SP5-7 > SP5-88 > F. arundinacea cv Shuicheng > SP5-5 > SP5-89 = F. arundinacea cv Qiancao No. 1. The relational order of various heat resistance indexes and heat resistance obtained by grey rational analysis was SOD > CAT > POD > soluble protein content. [Conclusion]The result provides a theoretical basis for stress physiology and stress breeding of cold season grass in southwest region.
基金Supported by project of High-level Innovative Talents Project in Guizhou Province([2018]5634)Youth Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2018-80)Guizhou Province S&T Contract Basics([2019]1302)
文摘The cDNA of PHYC gene of tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea ) was cloned by RT-PCR,named FaPHYC.The sequence was analyzed by bioinformatic software,and the results showed that the full-length cDNA(3816 bp) was obtained with an open reading frame predicated to be 3 411 bp,which encoded 1 136 amino acids.By BLASTP analysis,the N-terminal of FaPHYC was composed of GAF and pPhytochrome domains,and its C-terminal included two repeated PAS domains,one histidine kinase A domain and one histidine kinase-like ATPase domain.The phylogenetic analysis showed that FaPHYC was closely related to PHYCs from other Gramineae plants.The qRT-PCR results showed that FaPHYC expression was regulated by drought stress,heat stress,salt stress and nitrogen stress.The real-time quantitative PCR assay showed the expression of FaPHYC in tall fescue seedlings was continuously up-regulated during the light period and down-regulated in the dark.The results suggest that FaPHYC is photoperiod sensitive and plays a functional role in flowering regulation by photoperiod in tall fescue.The FaPHYC gene was cloned and reported from tall fescue for the first time,which lays a foundation for the investigation of the stress mechanism of FaPHYC in tall fescue plant.
文摘The admixture and recombination of individuals from the native range into a new range may lead to the production of invasive genotypes that have higher fitness and wider climatic tolerances than the native genotypes. In this paper, we compare the survival and growth of native EU and invasive NA genotypes when planted back into the native EU range near where the EU genotypes were collected. We test this hypothesis using the invasive wetland grass Phalaris arundinacea. If invasive genotypes have evolved to have higher survival and growth, then they should outperform the native EU genotypes under field conditions that are better suited to the EU genotypes. Individual plants of the wetland grass, Phalaris arundinacea collected from native Europe (Czech Republic (CZ) and France (FR)) and North America (Vermont (VT) and North Carolina (NC)) were planted into common gardens in Trebon, Czech Republic (49.0042°N, 14.7721°E) and Moussac, France (43.9808°N, 4.2241°E). Invasive genotypes from North Carolina (NC) survived as well or better than native genotypes in both the Trebon and Moussac garden. Additionally, invasive NC genotypes suffered higher herbivore damage than native genotypes but their growth and survival were not significantly different than genotypes from the other re-gions. A companion field experiment that simulated biomass removal through grazing indicated that invasive NC genotypes recovered faster following grazing than genotypes from other regions. Our results suggest that not all invasive genotypes are superior and regional differences in aggressiveness between invasive genotypes are as great as differences between individuals from native and invasive populations. Introduction of genotypes leading to invasion depends upon the environmental conditions and the suitability of the climate for the introduced individuals.
基金Supported by Key Project of Science and Technology Support Program of Tianjin(13ZCZDNC00200)
文摘Microbial inoculants were isolated from sewage sludge and applied to turfgrass medium. Effects of microbial inoculants on seed germination and initial growth of Festuca arundinacea L. were analyzed to investigate the optimal proportion of compound microbial inoculants. Significant differences were found in various growth indices and chlorophyll content of F. arundinacea between microbial treatment and control The combination of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Trichoderma reesei exhibited the best results. Compared with the control, seed germination rate, seedling height, shoot dry weight, root weight, chlorophyll a content and chlorophyll b content of F. arundinacea treated with the combination of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Trichoderma reesei were improved by 11.60%, 43.47%, 148%, 159%, 144% and 136%, respectively. Based on comprehensive analysis of various indicators, the optimal proportion (V/V) of microbial combination was Pseudomonas stutzeri: Tfichoderma reesei = 1: 1, which was the most conducive to plant growth and development.
基金Supported by Outstanding Young Talent Training Program of Guizhou Province(QKHRZ[2011]1182013BAD01B03-20)
文摘In this paper, domestic and foreign advances in breeding situation and conventional breeding methods of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and the applica- tion of modem biological techniques ( somaclonal variation, somatic cell hybridization, genetic map construction, genetic diversity, gene cloning and expression, ge- netic engineering) in breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea were summarized, which proposed new ideas for the development of F. arundinacea breeding and provided reference for breeding of new varieties of F. arundinacea.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870484)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of municipal solid waste resources, the remediation of contaminated substrates and the ecological safety of urban lawn planting. [Methods] Graphene, multi-layer graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added to municipal solid waste(MSW) compost as turf substrate to determine the morphological indicators such as turfgrass biomass, chlorophyll contents and plant height. [Results] There were no significant differences in the plant height of Festuca arundinacea between different treatment groups in the first 30 d. The effects of adding different carbon nanomaterials on the fresh and dry weights of F. arundinacea were not significantly different. The aboveground biomass of F. arundinacea was the largest after adding graphene oxide, and the underground fresh weight decreased significantly in the hydroxyl multi-walled carbon nanotube treatment compared with the control. As to the chlorophyll content, the graphene oxide treatment was the highest, but there were no significant differences between all the treatment groups and the control group. [Conclusions] This study can provide data support for MSW compost substrate, lawn planting system and heavy metal pollutant passivating agents.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870484).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to obtain the best solution for sterilizing tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea)and ryegrass(Lolium perenne)seeds by heating in a water bath for a short time.[Methods]The tall fescue and ryegrass seeds infected with endophytic fungi were sterilized by heating in a water bath to compare seed germination and initial growth of turfgrass seedlings under different treatment time.[Results]Sterilization in a 60℃water bath for 20 and 30 min both inhibited the germination of tall fescue and ryegrass seeds,while the 20 min treatment did not significantly affect the lengths of stems,leaves and roots of seedlings.The 20 min water bath sterilization treatment had no effects on the plant heights and biomass of the two turfgrass seedlings and the tiller number of ryegrass,but sterilization for 30 min significantly reduced the aboveground and total biomass of seedlings and the tiller number of ryegrass.[Conclusions]Sterilization in a water bath at 60℃ for 20 min achieved rapid sterilization in a short time,without significantly negatively affecting the growth of seedlings.
文摘Aims We aim to understand how small-scale genotypic richness and gen-otypic interactions influence the biomass and potential invasiveness of the invasive grass,Phalaris arundinacea under two different dis-turbance treatments:intact plots and disturbed plots,where all the native vegetation has been removed.Specifically,we address the following questions(i)Does genotypic richness increase biomass production?(ii)Do genotypic interactions promote or reduce bio-mass production?(iii)Does the effect of genotypic richness and gen-otypic interactions differ in different disturbance treatments?Finally(iv)Is phenotypic variation greater as genotypic richness increases?Methods We conducted a 2-year common garden experiment in which we manipulated genotype richness using eight genotypes planted under both intact and disturbed conditions in a wetland in Burlington,Vermont(44°27′23″N,73°11′29″W).The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design of three blocks,each containing 20 plots(0.5 m2)per disturbed treatment.We calculated total plot biomass and partitioned the net biodiversity effect into three com-ponents:dominance effect,trait-dependent complementarity and trait-independent complementarity.We calculated the phenotypic variance for each different genotype richness treatment under the two disturbance treatments.Important Findings Our results indicate that local genotypic richness does not increase total biomass production of the invasive grass P.arundinacea in either intact or disturbed treatments.However,genotypic interactions underlying the responses showed very different patterns in response to increasing genotypic richness.In the intact treatment,genotypic interactions resulted in the observed biomass being greater than the predicted biomass from monoculture plots(e.g.,overyielding)and this was driven by facilitation.However,facilitation was reduced as genotypic richness increased.In the disturbed treatment,genotypic interactions resulted in underyielding with observed biomass being slightly less than expected from the performance of genotypes in monocultures;however,underyielding was reduced as genotypic richness increased.Thus,in both treatments,higher genotypic rich-ness resulted in plot biomass nearing the additive biomass from indi-vidual monocultures.In general,higher genotypic richness buffered populations against interactions that would have reduced biomass and potentially spread.Phenotypic variance also had contrasting patterns in intact and disturbed treatments.In the intact treatment,phenotypic variance was low across all genotypic richness levels,while in the disturbed treatment,phenotypic variance estimates increased as genotypic richness increased.Thus,under the dis-turbed treatment,plots with higher genotypic richness had a greater potential response to selection.Therefore,limiting the introduction of new genotypes,even if existing genotypes of the invasive species are already present,should be considered a desirable management strategy to limit the invasive behavior of alien species.