CONTACT DEFORMATION AND PRE-CONTROL OF TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF POINT CONJUGATE GEAR

According to spatial conjugate principle and theory of elastic contact, a method to pre-control transmission properties and contact mark of point meshing gear is presented, while the deformation of tooth surface is under consideration. A new approach to improve the quality of spiral bevel gear is illustrated emphatically.

Numerical Study of RBC Motion and Deformation through Microcapillary in Alcohol Plasma Solution

Alcohol influences human health condition by starving red blood cells (RBCs) of oxygen, which results in poor blood circulation. Starved RBCs clump together and restrict blood flow, especially in capillaries. In this study, a finite element method-based moving mesh technique was applied to simulate the motion and deformation of a single RBC under different flow conditions. A 2-D model of a single RBC floating in plasma-alcohol solution was created using Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method with moving mesh for a fluid structure interaction problem. Cell deformability and stability were studied in an alcoholic plasma solution at different fluid flow conditions. Poor blood circulation was observed with RBC tending to rotate and oscillate at low flow rates. Moreover, RBC exhibited a parachute shape while moving without oscillation, which indicated improved micro-circulation at increased flow rates. In both cases, RBC exhibited a parachute shape while moving through micro-channel at increased flow rates. The simulation also showed the significant increase of RBC deformability with the increasing viscosity of plasma as a result of alcohol presence in blood.

Correction of Scar Contracture Deformity of Dorsal Hand by Invisible Full-thickness Mesh Skin Graft

Objective To investigate the effect of invisible full-thickness mesh skin graft in the treatment of scar contracture deformity of the dorsal hand.Methods From January 2016 to February 2019,25 patients with cicatricial contracture deformity of dorsal hand admitted to our hospital underwent full thickness skin graft.During the operation,the scar healed completely and the superficial fascia remained intact.The wound surface was transplanted with invisible mesh full thickness skin graft.The survival of the skin graft and the recovery of hand function and appearance in the later period were observed after the operation.Results The skin grafts of 20 patients survived with high quality,3 cases had partial epidermis exfoliation,and 2 cases had partial epidermis scattered in blisters.After intensive dressing change,all wounds healed and no complications occurred after the operation.The hand function and appearance of the patients were obviously improved.Conclusion The application of full thickness skin graft to correct scar deformity has the advantages of good functional and appearance recovery and difficult postoperative contracture.Invisible full-thickness mesh skin graft is one of the ideal methods to correct scar contracture deformity of the dorsal hand.

Compensation modification of plastic gear tooth profile considering meshing deformation

The plastic gear is widely used in agricultural equipment,electronic products,aircraft,and other fields because of its light weight,corrosion resistance,and self-lubrication ability.However,it has a limited range of working conditions due to the low modulus and thermal deformation of the material,especially in high-speed and heavy-duty situations.A compensation modification method(CMM)is proposed in this paper to restrain the heat production of the plastic gear tooth surface by considering the meshing deformation,and the corresponding modification formulas are derived.Improving the position of the maximum contact pressure(CP)and the relative sliding velocity(RSV)of the tooth surface resulted in a 30%lower steady-state temperature rise of the modified plastic gear tooth surface than that of the unmodified plastic gear.Meanwhile,the temperature rise of plastic gear with CMM is reduced by 19%compared with the traditional modification of removal material.Then,the influences of modification index and the segment number of modification on the meshing characteristics of plastic gear with CMM are discussed,such as maximum CP and steadystate temperature rise,RSV,transmission error,meshing angle,and contact ratio.A smaller segment number and modification index are beneficial to reduce the temperature rise of plastic gear with CMM.Finally,an experiment is carried out to verify the theoretical analysis model.

Single-stage anterior debridement and reconstruction with tantalum mesh cage for complicated infectious spondylitis

AIM To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of patients with complicated infectious spondylitis treated with single-stage anterior debridement and reconstruction using tantalum mesh cage(TaMC) followed by immediate instrumentation.METHODS Single-stage radical debridement and subsequent reconstruction with TaMC instead of autograft or allograft were performed to treat 20 patients with spinal deformity or instability due to complicated infectious spondylitis. Clinical outcomes were assessed by careful physical examination and regular serological tests to determine the infection control. In addition, the visual analog score(VAS), neurologic status, length of vertebral body reconstruction, and the correction of sagittal Cobb angle on radiography were recorded and compared before and after surgery. The conditions of the patients were evaluated based on the modified Brodsky's criteria.RESULTS The average VAS score significantly decreased after the surgery(from 7.4 ± 0.8 to 3.3 ± 0.8, P < 0.001). The average Cobb angle correction was 14.9 degrees. The neurologic status was significantly improved after the surgery(P = 0.003). One patient experienced refractory infection and underwent additional debridement. Eighteen patients achieved good outcome based on the modified Brodsky's criteria and significant improvement after the surgery(P < 0.001). No implant breakage orTaMC dislodgement was found during at least 24 mo of follow-up.CONCLUSION Single-stage anterior debridement and reconstruction with TaMC followed by immediate instrumentation could be an alternative method to manage the patients with spinal deformity or instability due to complicated infectious spondylitis.

Exact mesh shape design of large cable-network antenna reflectors with flexible ring truss supports

An exact-designed mesh shape with favorable surface accuracy is of practical significance to the performance of large cable-network antenna reflectors. In this study, a novel design approach that could guide the generation of exact spatial parabolic mesh configurations of such reflector was proposed. By incorporating the traditional force density method with the standard finite element method, this proposed approach had taken the deformation effects of flexible ring truss supports into consideration, and searched for the desired mesh shapes that can satisfy the requirement that all the free nodes are exactly located on the objective paraboloid. Compared with the conventional design method,a remarkable improvement of surface accuracy in the obtained mesh shapes had been demonstrated by numerical examples. The present work would provide a helpful technical reference for the mesh shape design of such cable-network antenna reflector in engineering practice.

FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION TO COUPLED THERMO－ELASTICCONTACT STRESS AND IMPACTRESPONSE OF MESHING GEARS

A mixed finite element solution of contact stresses in meshing gears is investigated with the consideration of coupled thermo-elastic deformation and impact behavior. A simulation procedure of finite element solution of meshing gears is developed. The versatility of the procedure for both numerical accuracy and computational efficiency is verified by numerical analysis of meshing gear teeth.

汽车空调风道性能定量评价与结构优化

针对汽车空调风道压力损失大、出口风速不均匀、常用的CFD优化仿真方法存在因网格重复划分和几何模型重修而导致的效率低下问题,提出一种速度均匀性系数的定量评价方法,并在气流分离严重的管道位置创建了网格变形参数,形成了基于Isight的Sculptor网格变形和STAR-CCM+技术的集成优化方法,实现了空调风道的自动优化。对比分析结果表明:采用出风口速度均匀性系数和自动优化技术,在各出风口出风量不变的前提下,风道压力损失降低了26%~34%,出风口速度均匀性系数提高了16%~33%,优化效率大幅提升。

顶板冲击荷载作用下锚网支护巷道变形破坏规律研究

为研究顶板冲击荷载作用下锚网支护巷道的变形破坏规律,以华亭煤矿250104运输巷为背景,采用FLAC^(3D)分析了不同冲击荷载波速、角度以及偏轴距条件下锚网支护巷道围岩的应力、变形以及塑性区变化特征。研究结果表明:顶板冲击作用下,巷道顶板及两帮岩体塑性区将向上方及两侧逐渐扩展,且其最大位移呈指数衰减式增长;随顶板冲击荷载波速增大,巷道周边岩体最大位移呈指数递增式增大;随顶板冲击荷载角度增大,巷道顶板及两帮最大位移呈“S”形增长变化,冲击角度为90°时对围岩稳定性最不利;随顶板冲击荷载偏轴距增大,巷道顶板及冲击侧帮部岩体最大位移出现先增后减的变化规律,冲击偏轴距等于5.0 m时对巷道安全威胁最大。

Mesh deformation on 3D complex configurations using multistep radial basis functions interpolation

The Radial Basis Function（RBF） method with data reduction is an effective way to perform mesh deformation. However, for large deformations on meshes of complex aerodynamic configurations, the efficiency of the RBF mesh deformation method still needs to be further improved to fulfill the demand of practical application. To achieve this goal, a multistep RBF method based on a multilevel subspace RBF algorithm is presented to further improve the efficiency of the mesh deformation method in this research. A whole deformation is divided into a series of steps, and the supporting radius is adjusted in accordance with the maximal displacement error. Furthermore, parallel computing is applied to the interpolation to enhance the efficiency. Typical deformation problems of the NASA Common Research Model（CRM） configuration, the DLR-F6 wing-body-nacellepylon configuration, and the DLR-F11 high-lift configuration are tested to verify the feasibility of this method. Test results show that the presented multistep RBF mesh deformation method is efficient and robust in dealing with large deformation problems over complex geometries.

静态爆轰试验后带破片穿孔靶板形变恢复方法

针对静态爆轰试验后发生形变的靶板,提出一种新的参数化方法,在三角网格模型下解决了靶板上孔洞部分参数化形变大以及边界角度形变、面积形变和拉伸形变大的问题。该方法首先通过拟合变分隐式曲面修补孔洞,接着采用基于虚拟边界的ABF++方法进行参数化,然后根据试验前靶板的网格能量,优化整体的靶板点云,进一步减少形变,最后去除附加的修补点和虚拟边界点,得到参数化后的靶板点云。实验选取了LSCM、ABF++方法来直接对两个经典人脸三角网格模型和靶板三角网格模型及其对应带孔洞的模型进行形变恢复,并与所提方法进行了对比,实验结果表明所提方法在三个模型的外边界角度畸变、外边界面积畸变,含孔洞三个模型的内边界角度畸变、内边界面积畸变,四项指标上相较于LSCM和ABF++平均降低了31.10%、23.76%、19.60%、10.08%,因此可以更好地减少参数化曲面上的内外边界形变,为带破片穿孔的靶板提供一种有效的参数化方法。

基于机器学习建模的液体火箭发动机喷管内型面优化设计

喷管是液体火箭发动机产生推力的重要部件。喷管型面的结构将直接影响燃烧所产生的燃气在喷管中的流动情况,进而对发动机的性能产生影响。采用B样条曲线对抛物面型线进行参数化,计算样本集的流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)流场,以比冲为优化变量对喷管性能进行评估。研究表明,基于代理模型优化得到的喷管内型面结构与特征线法计算结果基本一致,比冲计算结果相当,最大误差为0.28%。通过代理模型和网格变形方法,可实现液体火箭发动机喷管内型面优化设计,提高优化效率。

Rigidity Constraints for Large Mesh Deformation

It is a challenging problem of surface-based deformation to avoid apparent volumetric distortions around largely deformed areas. In this paper, we propose a new rigidity constraint for gradient domain mesh deformation to address this problem. Intuitively the proposed constraint can be regarded as several small cubes defined by the mesh vertices through mean value coordinates. The user interactively specifies the cubes in the regions which are prone to volumetric distortions, and the rigidity constraints could make the mesh behave like a solid object during deformation. The experimental results demonstrate that our constraint is intuitive, easy to use and very effective.

RBFs-MSA Hybrid Method for Mesh Deformation

Simulating unsteady flow phenomena involving moving boundaries is a challenging task,one key requirement of which is a reliable and fast algorithm to deform the computational mesh.Radial basis functions（RBFs） interpolation is a very simple and robust method to deform the mesh.However,the number of operations and the requirement of memory storage will be increased rapidly as the number of grid nodes increases,which limits the application of RBFs to three-dimensional（3D） moving mesh.Moving submesh approach（MSA） is an efficient method,but its robustness depends on the method used to deform the background mesh.A hybrid method which combines the benefits of MSA and RBFs interpolation,which is called RBFs-MSA,has been presented.This hybrid method is proved to be robust and efficient via several numerical examples.From the aspect of the quality of deforming meshes,this hybrid method is comparable with the RBFs interpolation;from the aspect of computing efficiency,one test case shows that RBFs-MSA is about two orders of magnitude faster than RBFs interpolation.For these benefits of RBFs-MSA,the new method is suitable for unsteady flow simulation which refers to boundaries movement.

无额外自由度广义有限元扭曲网格仿真研究

研究了无额外自由度广义有限元方法在扭曲网格中仿真的健壮性。使用选择插值最小二乘方法构造的强化函数与额外自由度和网格无关。这使得此方法在避免了刚度阵奇异的同时,还拥有了对网格扭曲的鲁棒性。推导证明并展示了,无额外自由度广义有限元近似函数在扭曲网格中仍具有完美再生性。分别采用了规整和扭曲的网格对超弹性和亚弹-塑性两种材料进行了大变形仿真,在仿真中同时考虑了几何和材料的非线性,并将此方法同传统的线性有限元方法做了对比。三个典型仿真结果表明,所采用方法在扭曲网格中仍具有良好的准确性和收敛稳定性。

An efficient large-scale mesh deformation method based on MPI/Open MP hybrid parallel radial basis function interpolation

An efficient MPI/OpenMP hybrid parallel Radial Basis Function (RBF) strategy for both continuous and discontinuous large-scale mesh deformation is proposed to reduce the computational cost and memory consumption.Unlike the conventional parallel methods in which all processors use the same surface displacement and implement the same operation,the present method employs different surface points sets and influence radius for each volume point movement,accompanied with efficient geometry searching strategy.The deformed surface points,also called Control Points (CPs),are stored in each processor.The displacement of spatial points is interpolated by using only 20-50 nearest control points,and the local influence radius is set to 5-20 times the maximum displacement of control points.To shorten the searching time for the nearest control point clouds,an Alternating Digital Tree (ADT) algorithm for 3D complex geometry is designed based on an iterative bisection technique.Besides,an MPI/OpenMP hybrid parallel approach is developed to reduce the memory cost in each High-Performance Computing (HPC) node for large-scale applications.Three 3D cases,including the ONERA-M6 wing and a commercial transport airplane standard model with up to 2.5 billion hybrid elements,are used to test the present mesh deformation method.The robustness and high parallel efficiency are demonstrated by a wing deflection case with a maximum bending angle of 450 and more than 80% parallel efficiency with 1024 MPI processors.In addition,the availability for both continuous and discontinuous surface deformation is verified by interpolating the projecting displacement with opposite directions surface points to the spatial points.

机械顶管下穿河流时土体变形特征研究

以成都锦江再生水干管穿越河流顶管施工为研究背景,利用FLAC 3D软件模拟掘进,开展顶管施工数值分析。通过施工模型及其建模过程,研究顶管顶进时周边土体变形影响。结果表明,顶进过程中土体沉降沿掘进方向呈周期性变化,土体沉降量最大值发生在管道间接口处;不同泥水仓压力和注浆压力工况下,河道及两侧河岸地表沉降量以管道中线呈对称分布,管道上方地表沉降量最大,随着监测点向管道中线移动,地表沉降变化速率明显增大,且在中线附近变化速率显著减小。随着泥水仓压力的增大,土层变形量显著减小,而注浆压力的增大,土层变形量变化幅度较小。

Mesh Deformation Method Based on Mean Value Coordinates Interpolation

Mesh deformation technique is widely used in many application fields, and has re- ceived a lot of attentions in recent years. This paper focuses on the methodology and algorithm of algebraic type mesh deformation for unstructured mesh in numerical discretization. To preserve mesh quality effectively, an algebraic approach for two and three dimensional unstructured mesh is developed based on mean value coordinates interpolation combined with node visibility analysis. The proposed approach firstly performs node visibility analysis to find out the visible boundary for each grid point to be moved, then evaluates the mean value coordinates of each grid point with respect to all vertices on its visible boundary. Thus the displacements of grid points can be calculated by interpolating the boundary movement by the mean value coordinates. Compared with other methods, the proposed method has good deformation capability and predictable com- putational cost, with no need to select parameters or functions. Applications of mesh deformation in different fields are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results of numerical experiments exhibit not only superior deformation capability of the method in traditional applications of fluid dynamic grid, but also great potential in modeling for large deformation analysis and inverse design problems.

基于变形网格的织物悬垂形态模拟

为快速有效地模拟织物下垂过程、再现真实织物的悬垂形态解决织物约束形态的仿真问题,提出一个变形网格模型用于再现织物悬垂。在模型理论方面,围绕约束因子与衰减因子构建织物内部约束,通过接触-抵消机制复现织物柔性体与刚性平面的接触。在模型精度上,从网格规模和推演算法2个方面展开探讨,提出了合理的网格规模以达成效果与资源的平衡,并通过三阶泰勒展开减小了运算误差,提升了算法精度。本研究提出的变形网格模型,将悬垂视为动态变化的过程,实现了悬垂形态与悬垂过程的统一。模拟实验表明,真实织物内部的相互作用在模型理论及参数中得到了高度凝练的表达,体现模型特性的虚拟悬垂系数完整覆盖其实际取值区间,波纹不匀作为另一重要形态指标也得到充分表现,模型算法的精度较常规方法提升一个数量级。

ALTERING CONNECTIVITY WITH LARGE DEFORMATION MESH FOR LAGRANGIAN METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN MULTIPLE MATERIAL SIMULATION

A new approach for treating the mesh with Lagrangian scheme of finite volume method is presented. It has been proved that classical Lagrangian method is difficult to cope with large deformation in tracking material particles due to severe distortion of cells, and the changing connectivity of the mesh seems especially attractive for solving such issues. The mesh with large deformation based on computational geometry is optimized by using new method. This paper develops a processing system for arbitrary polygonal unstructured grid,the intelligent variable grid neighborhood technologies is utilized to improve the quality of mesh in calculation process, and arbitrary polygonal mesh is used in the Lagrangian finite volume scheme. The performance of the new method is demonstrated through series of numerical examples, and the simulation capability is efficiently presented in coping with the systems with large deformations.