Study on Spontaneous Self-pollination Mechanism of Asarum sieboldii

[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate spontaneous self- pollination mechanism of Asarum sieboldii. [Methed] Through field observation and manual controlling test under the cultivated condition, the whole flowering process of Asarum sieboldii belonging to Asarum subgenus Heterotropa was thoroughly ob- served to investigate its pollination mechanism. [Result] Asarum sieboldii is a kind of species dominated by spontaneous self-pollination. Its female flower became mature firstly, and the duration of single flower ranged from 3 to 4 d. The first day was fe- male phase duration, and the stigmas could receive foreign pollen, while stamen fila- ments bent down towards the base of calyx tube with 90°, and anther had no crack. During the following 2 days, two cycles of stamens erected subsequently, while an- thers became dehiscent and naturally contacted with stigma at the same time, so spontaneous self-pollination was finished. Artificial self-pollination and out-crossing test had proved that the out-crossing of Asarum sieboldii were all fertile with seed setting rate of 100%. Emasculation by bagging test had suggested that Asarum sieboldii had no parthenocarpy and apomixes. [Conclusion] Asarum sieboldii belongs to sub- genus Heterotropa, but its pollination mechanism is similar to that of subgenus Asarum.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Asarum caulescene

Both essential oils of fresh and air-dried Asarum caulescene （Maxim.） were analyzed by GC-MS in three different polarities. The resuits show that thirty-four components were identified in the oils, and main compounds of both oils were β-pinene （7. 63% vs. 20. 77%）, 2 carene （8.94% vs. 7.99%）, β-phellandrene （7.80% vs. 14.39%）, 1,8-cineole （8. 91% vs. 13. 29%） and germacrone （46. 64% vs. 6.64%）, however, the content of monoterpene hydrocarhons（30.29% vs. 52. 30%） and oxygenated sesquiterpenes（47.69% vs. 10.65%） of both oils was different. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 3 fungi and 11 hacteria including 7 clinical isolated strains. Our results showed that both oils presented a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and compared with the essential oil from fresh herb, the extracted oil from dried herb had hetter antimicrohial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration（cmi） values of dried herh were 0. 16-2. 5 g/L and lowest minimum bactericidal concentration（cmb ） value was 0.31 g/L.

Impact of Asarum Essential Oils on Physiological and Biochemical Indicators of Two Agricultural Pests

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of asarum essential oils on physiological and biochemical indices of two agricultural pests. [Method]Asarum essential oils were extracted by different methods,and their effects on physiological and biochemical indices related to the structure of body wall（ chitin and phenoloxidase）,the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the nervous system（ Acetylcholinesterase）,and the physiological and biochemical indices acting on the digestive system（ protease,amylase and lipase） of Ostrinia furnacalis and Mythimna seperata were studied. [Result]Asarum essential oils had no effect no chitin content of body wall under the experimental concentration,and had no inhibitory effect but activated effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. Asarum essential oils could act on the nervous system of insect,and had strong inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase activity of O. furnacalis larvae,with inhibition rates of 24. 86%- 38. 79%. Asarum essential oils showed a significant activated effect on pepsin activity in midgut,but the activated amplitude became smaller with the prolongation of treatment time. Asarum essential oils showed a significant inhibitory effect on activities of amylase and lipase,indicating that it could play an insecticidal effect by inhibiting activity of amylase and lipase,and it could act on digestive system of insect. [Conclusion]The study laid the foundation for further development of asarum as botanical pesticide.

Effects of ephedra asarum aconite decoction on Th1/Th2 balance in two animal models of allergic rhinitis

Objective:Ephedra asarum aconite decoction is used in the clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis.We investigated the effects of ephedra asarum aconite decoction on Th1/Th2 balance in two animal models of allergic rhinitis and in activated T cells in vitro.Methods:Animal models of simple and compound kidney yang deficiency types of allergic rhinitis were treated with ephedra asarum aconite decoction to observe the efficacy of this traditional Chinese medicine formula on allergic symptoms,serum cytokines,and tissue RNA levels.We also cultured and activated T cells from the mouse.After treatment with ephedra asarum aconite decoction,we tested the proliferation and differentiation of T cells.Results:Ephedra asarum aconite decoction relieved allergy symptoms in both types of animal models,and was more effective in the compound kidney yang deficiency model In addition to its anti-allergic efficacy,ephedra asarum aconite decoction significantly improved the health status of animals in the compound kidney yang deficiency groups,significantly made their bodyweight rising up,and significantly increased the T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA ratio.Moreover,ephedra asarum aconite decoction promoted the proliferation of activated T cells and inhibited the differentiation to Th2 cells in vitro.Conclusions:Ephedra asarum aconite decoction regulates the balance of Th1/Th2 to ameliorate allergic conditions.

Mechanism of Bupleurum and Asarum in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology

[Objectives]To explore the active components and mechanism of Bupleurum and Asarum in the treatment of traumatic brain injury(TBI).[Methods]All the active components and potential action targets of Bupleurum and Asarum pairs were collected by online platform Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)database and literature search.Target genes related to traumatic brain injury were obtained by Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMMI),Therapeutic Target Database(TTD),PharmGKB,Genecards and Drugbank.The"drug-ingredient-target"network diagram was constructed by using Cytoscape software.Venny 2.1.0 was used to integrate the intersection targets of drug targets and disease targets,and the String platform was used to construct a target protein-protein interaction network(PPI).Topological analysis and core target screening of the constructed PPI network were performed using the"CytoNCA"plug-in in Cytoscape software.Gene Ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the intersection targets using the DAVID database.Finally,Autodock and Pymol software were used to simulate the binding activity of key candidate active components and core genes.[Results]25 active components were screened from Bupleurum-Asarum and 111 potential targets involved in the disease process.GO analysis and KEGG results showed that potential therapeutic targets were mainly enriched in biological processes such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress,cell membrane repair,and cytokine regulation.Network analysis and molecular docking showed that the key compounds of Bupleurum and Asarum were kaempferol and quercetin,which were well docked with the active pockets of four core genes of traumatic brain injury.[Conclusions]Bupleurum and Asarum may be involved in the regulation of inflammatory response,oxidative stress,cell membrane repair through multiple targets and multiple pathways in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.

Comparative study of chemical composition, antinociceptive effect and acute toxicity of the essential oils of three Asarum drugs

In the present study, the chemical composition, antinociceptive effect and acute toxicity of essential oils（EOs） of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum（Maxim.） Kitag.（AHM）, A. sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense Nakai（ASS） and A. himalaicum Hook. f. et Thoms. ex Klotzsch.（AH） were comparatively evaluated. A total of 55 compounds were identified in EOs of AHM, ASS and AH by GC-MS. Methyleugenol（20.16%–62.89%）, safrole（2.67%–32.42%）, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene（2.00%–18.59%） and eucarvone（1.52%–19.16%） were the major constituents of EO of AHM, and methyleugenol（48.35%–61.06%）, eucarvone（11.13%–13.93%） and elemicin（4.79%–11.14%） were the major constituents of EO of ASS. The EO of AH was different from that of AHM and ASS, in which patchouli alcohol（27.42%–51.95%） and elemicin（13.11%–42.23%） were found in a greater amount. Moreover, the antinociceptive effect of EOs of AHM（5.5, 11.0, 16.5 μL/kg） and AH（2.0, 4.0, 6.0 μL/kg） was comparatively assayed in acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin tests. The results indicated a weak central, but potent peripheral antinociceptive effect of EO of AHM, and more potent central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of EO of AH. The LD50 of the EOs of AHM and AH were 1.7 and 7.7 mL/kg, respectively. These findings suggest that EOs of AHM and AH possess evident antinociceptive activity and are probably safe within the range of its clinical doses. However, their chemical compositions are quite different. Therefore, AH can be clinically used as an herbal medicinal product with broad analgesic effects, but should not be confused with AHM and ASS used in traditional Chinese medicine.

细辛挥发油镇痛抗炎作用机制研究

目的:评价细辛挥发油镇痛抗炎作用,探索其作用机制。方法:分别以醋酸扭体实验、福尔马林刺激痛实验、热板实验和二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀实验评价细辛挥发油的镇痛、抗炎作用,并以受体阻断实验、一氧化氮(NO)检测实验探讨其镇痛作用机制。结果:醋酸扭体实验中,细辛挥发油(24、12 g/kg)可显著抑制小鼠扭体次数(P<0.01),抑制率分别为57.8%、34.8%;福尔马林致疼痛实验中,细辛挥发油(24、12 g/kg)可显著缩短Ⅰ相、Ⅱ相舔足时间(P<0.05,P<0.01),Ⅱ相疼痛抑制率分别为52.93%、37.33%;热板致疼痛实验中,细辛挥发油(24、12 g/kg)能明显延长小鼠疼痛潜伏期(P<0.05,P<0.01),并在2 h镇痛作用达到高峰;小鼠耳廓肿胀实验中,细辛挥发油(24、12 g/kg)显著抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀(P<0.01),抑制率分别为82.09%、63.79%。受体阻断实验显示,高剂量细辛挥发油(24 g/kg)镇痛作用可被γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(3 mg/kg)阻断。NO检测实验显示,高剂量细辛挥发油(24 g/kg)可抑制醋酸致痛小鼠血清NO水平。结论:细辛挥发油成分有明显镇痛抗炎作用,其镇痛作用机制可能与激动GABA受体,抑制NO水平相关。

A new aristololactam from Asarum maximum

A new aristololactam, aristololactam Ⅶ （1）, was isolated from the root and rhizome of Asarum maximum Hemsl. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, its structure was identified as 10-amino-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-phenanthrene-1- earboxylie acid laetam.

Comparative authentication of crude drugs from subgenus Asarum species in China based on microscopic features

According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the Chinese medicinal material(Asari Radix et Rhizoma)Xixin is derived from the species Asarum heterotropoides var.mandshuricum,A.sieboldii,and A.sieboldii var.seoulense.However,many species of the genus Asarum are labeled as"Xixin","Tu-Xixin",or"Nan-Xixin"for sale in producing areas.To distinguish Chinese Asarum species and to ensure their safety and efficacy,we examined the microscopic characteristics of subg.Asarum plants in China(including subg.Asarum plants in the classification system of Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and the later published Asarum yunnanense)using a hand microtome and a microscopic digital imaging system based on our previous research.Microscopic features of the blades,petioles,and roots of A.yunnanense were investigated for the first time.Moreover,we compared nine species and one variety of the subg.Asarum(i.e.,A.yunnanense,A.caudigerellum,A.himalaicum,A.pulchellum,A.debile,A.caulescens,A.renicordatum,A.caudigerum,A.caudigerum var.cardiophyllum and A.geophilum)in China based on microscopic characteristics of the blades.Several parameters,such as morphological characteristics and distribution of hairs on both upper and lower leaf epidermises;morphological characteristics of hair cells;anticlinal walls of lower epidermal cells;size relationship between outer periclinal walls and cavity outlines of oil cells on lower leaf epidermis;presence or absence of the irregular cells containing red to brown substances among mesophyll cells;and the diameter of the largest vessels in midribs of the blades,were used for discrimination among species.To the best of our knowledge,we provided the first identification key for the 10 taxa based on blade microscopic characteristics that could be used to distinguish these taxa.Based on the key,23 commercial samples collected from seven provinces of China were authenticated as whole dried herbs of A.himalaicum,A.caudigerellum,A.caudigerum,A.pulchellum and A.caulescens.These findings indicated that microscopic approach and related techniques were convenient and feasible and could be used for the authentication of crude drugs from Chinese subg.Asarum species.

北细辛精油对桔小实蝇杀虫活性及其机理研究

[目的]对北细辛精油对桔小实蝇的熏蒸和触杀的杀虫活性进行研究,并初步确定北细辛精油对桔小实蝇的杀虫机理,旨在寻找天然有效的植物源杀虫剂。[方法]采用密闭熏蒸法和微量点滴法测定北细辛精油对桔小实蝇的熏蒸及触杀活性,采用微板法测定北细辛精油对桔小实蝇体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)活力的影响。[结果]在杀虫活性试验中,随着北细辛精油浓度的增加,杀虫效果均逐渐增强,且随着时间的延长,毒性也均逐渐增强;在熏蒸试验中,当浓度为1mL/L且处理时间为12h时,校正死亡率达到最大为100%;在触杀试验中,当浓度为156.25μL/L且处理时间为12 h,校正死亡率达到最大为100%;对桔小实蝇进行熏蒸处理、触杀处理12h的LC_(50)分别为0.243 mL/L、30.884μL/L;用固定浓度为156.25μL/L的北细辛精油处理桔小实蝇不同时间后,其体内AchE和CarE整体均表现为抑制作用,用不同浓度的北细辛精油处理桔小实蝇8 h后,虫体内的AchE呈现低浓度诱导高浓度抑制的作用,北细辛精油对桔小实蝇体内CarE的抑制作用随着浓度的增大而不断增强。[结论]北细辛精油对桔小实蝇有较好的触杀和熏蒸活性,且触杀活性较强,北细辛精油对桔小实蝇体内的AchE和CarE均有抑制作用。该研究为天然植物源杀虫剂的研发提供理论依据。

细辛、土壤中重金属含量测定及生态风险评估

选取6片种植地的细辛及土壤作为研究对象,通过比较电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测As、Hg,全自动汞分析仪测Hg,原子荧光光度仪(AFS)测As的实验结果,确定Hg的测定采用全自动汞分析仪,As的测定采用AFS。Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr选用ICP-MS进行测定,计算细辛对重金属元素的富集系数,并对土壤中6种重金属元素进行生态风险评估。结果显示,12批细辛除Cd外,Pb、As、Cu、Cr、Hg均符合药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准;Cd实测值为(2.02±0.47)mg/kg,超标程度573%,富集系数为9.14±3.24;Cr的富集系数为1.31±0.69。6片细辛种植地土壤潜在生态风险系数(E_(r)^(i))均低于40,潜在生态风险指数(RI)均低于150,属于轻微污染。Cd的土壤污染最为严重,针对Cd污染的土壤治理及修复成为迫切需要解决的问题。

基于网络药理学研究灯盏细辛治疗糖尿病肾病的作用机制

利用网络药理学研究中草药灯盏细辛治疗糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy,DN)的作用机制。通过TCMSP平台、ETCM数据库、PubChem数据库筛选出灯盏细辛的有效活性成分及作用靶点;利用DisGenet及GeneCards获取与DN相关靶点基因;筛选灯盏细辛活性成分作用靶点与疾病靶点的共同靶点基因。运用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建“成分-靶点-疾病”网络图;借助STRING在线数据库构建蛋白互作(PPI)网络图,使用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件插件ClueGo对共同靶点进行KEGG及GO分析,筛选出潜在的信号通路,并分析其作用机制。通过筛选得到灯盏细辛的有效活性成分9个,其作用于DN的靶点为79个。GO富集分析结果示,灯盏细辛-糖尿病肾病交集基因的生物功能主要涉及跨膜受体蛋白酪氨酸激酶信号通路正调控、细胞增殖、细胞凋亡过程的负调控等生物学过程。KEGG通路富集结果显示,交集基因主要分布在PI3K-AKT信号通路上。灯盏细辛的作用机制呈现多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点,本研究从药理作用及网络药理学两个方面研究灯盏细辛治疗DN的作用机制,有利于更加深入全面地了解灯盏细辛的药用价值,为其开发和利用提供理论参考。

麻黄附子细辛汤合固本通窍汤对过敏性鼻炎患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探究麻黄附子细辛汤合固本通窍汤对过敏性鼻炎患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2020年9月~2022年9月与我院接收的过敏性鼻炎患者102例,按照随机数字法分为对照组、观察组各51例。所有患者均使用氯雷他定进行治疗,对照组患者使用固本通窍汤进行治疗,观察组患者使用麻黄附子细辛汤联合固本通窍汤对患者进行治疗。检测白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、T辅助细胞(Th1/Th2)、最大呼气流量(PEF)和PEF变异率;观察对比两组患者中医证候评分、治疗有效率。结果:与对照组相比,观察组患者IgE降低、Th1/Th2较高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组患者主症评分及中医证候降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组患者血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组PEF水平升高,PEF变异率降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,观察组治疗总有效率上升(P<0.05)。结论:使用麻黄附子细辛汤合固本通窍汤对过敏性鼻炎患者进行治疗,能够改善患者血清因子水平,提高患者的免疫功能,效果显著。

Salvia miltiorrhiza-asarum ointment combined with Chinese medical massage alleviates symptoms of osteoarthritis in a rat model through the Notch1/matrix metalloproteinase-13 signaling pathway

OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza-asarum ointment(SMAO)plus Chinese medical massage on knee osteoarthritis in a rat model.METHODS:Hulth's method was used to establish a Sprague-Dawley rat model of knee osteoarthritis(OA).The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13),collagen-Ⅱ,aggrecan,interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.The joint space was assessed by a Perlove X-ray system.Histopathology was examined by hematoxylin-eosin and Safranin O staining.The mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1,MMP-13,collagen-Ⅱ,and aggrecan were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting,respectively.RESULTS:SMAO plus Chinese medical massage significantly decreased the levels of MMP-13,IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6,and increased serum collagen-Ⅱ and aggrecan levels.Pathological injury of the knee joint was improved by SMAO treatment.mRNA and protein expression of Notch1 and MMP-13 was remarkably downregulated,but collagen-Ⅱ and aggrecan levels were significantly upregulated in cartilage tissues.CONCLUSION:SMAO combined with Chinese medical massage effectively relieves OA symptoms,which may involve inhibiting inflammation through the Notch1/MMP-13 signaling pathway.

细辛水煎液对分娩大鼠镇痛及产程的影响

目的观察细辛水煎液对分娩大鼠镇痛及产程的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法将40只孕鼠随机分为正常组、细辛组、佛波酯组、细辛联合佛波酯组,各10只。受孕第18天细辛联合佛波酯组灌胃细辛水煎液12.0 g·kg^(−1),皮下注射佛波酯1μg;佛波酯组灌胃等量蒸馏水,皮下注射佛波酯1μg;细辛组灌胃细辛水煎液12.0 g·kg^(−1),皮下注射等体积生理盐水;正常组灌胃等量蒸馏水,皮下注射等体积生理盐水。每日1次,干预3 d。记录产程时间;热水甩尾法检测痛阈值;检测血清5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、强啡肽(dynorphin,DYN)水平;检测血清谷光甘肽(glutathione,GSH)水平;蛋白印迹法(Western blotting)检测脊髓组织蛋白激酶Cε(protein kinase Cε,PKCε)、瞬时感受器电位香草素受体1(transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1,TRPV1)蛋白的表达水平。结果与正常组比较,细辛组分娩发动时间、半产程时间和总产程时间均缩短,痛阈值、血清DYN和GSH水平均升高,血清5-HT水平、脊髓组织PKCε和TRPV1蛋白的表达水平均降低(P<0.05);佛波酯组分娩发动时间、半产程时间和总产程时间均延长,痛阈值、血清DYN和GSH水平均降低,血清5-HT水平、脊髓组织PKCε和TRPV1蛋白的表达水平均升高(P<0.05)。与细辛联合佛波酯组比较,细辛组分娩发动时间、半产程时间和总产程时间均缩短,痛阈值、血清DYN和GSH水平均升高,血清5-HT水平、脊髓组织PKCε和TRPV1蛋白的表达水平均降低(P<0.05);佛波酯组分娩发动时间、半产程时间和总产程时间均延长,痛阈值、血清DYN和GSH水平均降低,血清5-HT水平、脊髓组织PKCε和TRPV1蛋白的表达水平均升高(P<0.05)。结论细辛水煎液可缩短分娩产程、发挥镇痛效应,其作用机制可能与抑制PKCε/TRPV1通路有关。

重用细辛辨治窦性心动过缓

此文通过对细辛剂量相关文献的简要梳理,参考古今医家临床使用细辛经验并结合现代药理学研究与个人实践体会,总结出:细辛在“复方、汤剂煎煮时”可重用,而在“单用、为末时”应在3 g以下。窦性心动过缓属于中医学“心悸”范畴,其病机总属心肾阳虚。应用细辛类方治疗窦性心动过缓时,在汤剂中宜重用,煎煮时间不少于30 min,对于提升患者心率,效果确切。

柴辛注射液中细辛含量测定法的改进

以甲基丁香酚为标记物,采用气相色谱法对柴辛注射液中细辛含量测定法进行了改进。通过色谱柱筛选、提取方法比较等,对新建方法进行了优化,并对新建方法的专属性、回收率、重复性、线性及范围、耐用性进行了方法学验证。验证结果表明,新建方法准确可靠,适用于柴辛注射液的质量控制。

不同剂量细辛水煎液对大鼠肝、肾、肺毒性的影响

目的:观察不同剂量的细辛水煎液对SD大鼠肝、肾、肺组织形态及肝、肾功能的影响,探讨细辛的肝、肾、肺毒性。方法:50只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、低剂量组、中剂量组、极高剂量组,每组各10只,正常组灌胃生理盐水,其余各组分别灌胃给予3、6、12、24 g/kg细辛水煎液,连续28 d。分别于实验第7、14、21、28天尾静脉取血,检测血清ALT、AST、CRE、BUN水平,第28天处死动物,取肝、肾、肺组织采用HE染色法观察组织形态。结果:中剂量组(6 g/kg)大鼠肺泡壁轻度增厚,伴少量炎性细胞浸润;高剂量组(12 g/kg)大鼠第14、28天血清ALT水平显著升高(P<0.05),第28天血清AST水平显著升高(P<0.05),肝组织细胞颗粒变性,局部血管周围可见淋巴细胞灶性浸润,肾组织少量炎性细胞浸润,肺组织肺泡壁中度增厚,大量淋巴细胞炎性浸润;极高剂量组(24 g/kg)大鼠第14、21天血清ALT水平显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05),第14、21、28天血清ALT水平显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),第7、21天血清BUN水平显著升高(P<0.05),肝组织细胞颗粒变性,胞质疏松淡染呈颗粒状,局部血管周围淋巴细胞灶性浸润,肾组织少量炎性细胞浸润伴中等量的集合管扩张,肺组织肺泡壁增厚,大量淋巴细胞炎性浸润,局部支气管内上皮细胞脱落。结论:6~24 g/kg细辛水煎液可诱导不同程度的肺损伤,12~24 g/kg细辛水煎液可诱导不同程度的肝、肾损伤。

辽细辛挥发油提取方法对比及其定性分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和超声辅助提取法对本溪桓仁县的辽细辛挥发油进行提取,通过气质联用(GC-MS)分析对所提取的挥发油进行定性分析。结果表明,两种方法所提取的挥发油性状、收率和成分略有差异,水蒸气蒸馏法提取的辽细辛挥发油为黄绿色,收率为2.2%,共鉴定出15种成分。超声辅助提取法提取的辽细辛挥发油为黄色,收率为2.8%,共鉴定出13种成分。两种方法提取的共有化学成分有甲基丁香酚、黄樟醚、肉桂醛、3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯、1,2,3-三甲氧基-5-甲基苯、肉豆蔻醚、正十五烷、3,4-(亚甲基二氧)苯丙酮、卡枯醇等9种成分。

轮作细辛对人参连作障碍的消减作用研究

[目的]通过轮作细辛对老参地土壤理化性状及酶活性的测定,探寻细辛消减人参连作障碍机制。[方法]以新土、轮作细辛1年、2年和3年土为处理,以4年老参土为对照,通过测定出苗率、存苗率、产量、土壤理化性状、酶活性等指标,解析轮作细辛对老参地的改良效果。[结果]轮作细辛可提高人参出苗率、存苗率、产量,降低根腐病率,其中轮作细辛3年再植人参与新土无明显差异。轮作细辛后土壤p H升高;土壤中速效N含量增加,但随着轮作年限增加而降低;而速效P、K含量降低,但随着轮作年限增加而升高。土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性随着轮作年限增加而提高。[结论]轮作细辛通过改良土壤养分结构,提高土壤酶活性,进而提高下茬人参出苗率及生长发育,其中以轮作细辛3年以上对老参地改良效果较好。