A Conceptual and Computational Framework for Aspect-Based Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems

Many datasets in E-commerce have rich information about items and users who purchase or rate them. This information can enable advanced machine learning algorithms to extract and assign user sentiments to various aspects of the items thus leading to more sophisticated and justifiable recommendations. However, most Collaborative Filtering (CF) techniques rely mainly on the overall preferences of users toward items only. And there is lack of conceptual and computational framework that enables an understandable aspect-based AI approach to recommending items to users. In this paper, we propose concepts and computational tools that can sharpen the logic of recommendations and that rely on users’ sentiments along various aspects of items. These concepts include: The sentiment of a user towards a specific aspect of a specific item, the emphasis that a given user places on a specific aspect in general, the popularity and controversy of an aspect among groups of users, clusters of users emphasizing a given aspect, clusters of items that are popular among a group of users and so forth. The framework introduced in this study is developed in terms of user emphasis, aspect popularity, aspect controversy, and users and items similarity. Towards this end, we introduce the Aspect-Based Collaborative Filtering Toolbox (ABCFT), where the tools are all developed based on the three-index sentiment tensor with the indices being the user, item, and aspect. The toolbox computes solutions to the questions alluded to above. We illustrate the methodology using a hotel review dataset having around 6000 users, 400 hotels and 6 aspects.

River system in Japan from a landscape ecological aspect

The objective of this study was to elucidate characteristics associated with rivers by classification of major rivers in Japan into several types based on riparian conditions. As the results of principal component analysis (PCA) with use of parameters reflecting forms and artificial alterations of respective rivers, four major components such as “comprehensive riparian size', “intactness of water front', “continuity of streams' and “simplicity of landform in river basin' were extracted. Subsequently, cluster analysis was performed based on principal component scores, leading to successful classification of major rivers into 6 types. These findings disclosed that (1) the extracted principal components provide effective viewpoint for classification of rivers; (2) distribution of respective classes indicates area properties; and (3) the employed quantitative procedures were found effective for classification of major rivers.

Numerical Simulation of a New 3D Isolation System Designed for a Facility with Large Aspect Ratio

This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional(3D)isolation system for facilities and presents the numerical simulation approach for the isolated system under earthquake excitations and impact effect using the OpenSees(Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation)software frame work.The 3D isolators combine the quasi-zero stiffness(QZS)system in the vertical direction and lead rubber bearing in the horizontal direction.Considering the large aspect ratio of the isolated facility,linear viscous dampers are designed in the vertical direction to diminish the overturning effect.The vertical QZS isolation system is characterized by a cubic force-displacement relation,thus,no elements or materials can model this mechanic behavior in the existing finite element software.This study takes advantage of the open source feature of the OpenSees to create a new material to represent the mechanic properties of the QZS system.Then the user-defined material is combined with the rubber isolator element to model the 3D isolator.Considering different soil types and input magnitudes,six sets of natural seismic records and artificial waves and half sine pulses are selected as the input excitations.A finite element model for the 3D isolated facility is established based on the combined element and the simulation is performed to calculate the time history response.The numerical simulation reveals the flexibility of the OpenSees to deal with new engineering problems,and the results prove that the new 3D isolation system can have an optimal isolation effect in both horizontal and vertical directions.The maximum acceleration response at the top of the facility is below the target limit,and the maximum deformation and the overturning motion of the isolation system can be controlled in a safe range.

Optimal control strategy for energy saving in trains under the four-aspect fixed autoblock system

This paper deals with both the leading train and the following train in a train tracking under a four-aspect fixed autoblock system in order to study the optimum operating strategy for energy saving. After analyzing the working principle of the four-aspect fixed autoblock system, an energy-saving control model is created based on the dynamics equation of the Wains. In addition to safety, energy consumption and time error are the main concerns of the model. Based on this model, dynamic speed constraints of the following train are proposed, defined by the leading gain dynamically. At the same time, the static speed constraints defined by the line conditions are also taken into account. The parallel genetic algorithm is used to search the optimum operating strategy. In order to simplify the solving process, the external punishment function is adopted to transform this problem with constraints to the one without constraints. By using the real number coding and the strategy of dividing ramps into three parts, the convergence of GA is accelerated and the length of chromosomes is shortened. The simulation result from a four-aspect fixed autoblock system simulation platform shows that the method can reduce the energy consumption effectively in the premise of ensuring safety and punctuality.

Characteristic Relationships between Phosphorous Accrual, Ecosystem Aspects and Water Level Fluctuations in Tropical Lakes: Naivasha Ramsar Site, Kenya

Hydrological dynamics affect water levels and thus affecting ecosystem structure and functions. Lake levels in tropical ecosystems affect phosphorous input through runoff from adjacent watersheds. The resultant biological community, water and sediment quality of the lakes due to water level changes is a reflection of the geology of the area and the anthropogenic activities in the watershed. The study conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 was to explore relationships between the phosphorous input and Water Level Fluctuations (WLF) recorded by Water Resource Authority (WRA). Lake water samples were analyzed in the laboratory for phosphorous using molybdenum blue-ascorbic method and recorded using spectrophotometer. Chlorophyll-a was determined by extracting a filtered sample with 15 ml acetone and incubating overnight and thereafter read using a double beam spectrophotometer. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) was determined by filtering 200 ml of a water sample and dried overnight at 105°C. The lowest and highest phosphorous concentrations recorded were 0.2 mg/l and 0.42 mg/l at NST7 and NST2, respectively. Measurements of Chlorophyll-a were 0.32 mg/l and 0.42 mg/l at NST9 and NST2, respectively. Secchi transparency measurements were 32.9 cm at NST3 and 84 cm at NST1. The highest and lowest TSS concentrations were 0.14 mg/l and 0.13 mg/l at NTS1 and NST8, respectively. The hydrodynamic regime in most tropical lakes plays a significant role in the re-reaction of phosphorous that consequently influences productivity. Tropical lakes have extreme lake level fluctuations which accelerate the production process. The influence of water level changes on aquatic productivity is crucial in most tropical lakes and should be taken into consideration when assessing the environmental impacts.

Elliptical vibration chiseling:a novel process for texturing ultra-high-aspect-ratio microstructures on the metallic surface

High-aspect-ratio metallic surface microstructures are increasingly demanded in breakthrough applications,such as high-performance heat transfer enhancement and surface plasmon devices.However,the fast and cost-effective fabrication of high-aspect-ratio microstructures on metallic surfaces remains challenging for existing techniques.This study proposes a novel cutting-based process,namely elliptical vibration chiseling(EV-chiseling),for the high-efficiency texturing of surface microstructures with an ultrahigh aspect ratio.Unlike conventional cutting,EV-chiseling superimposes a microscale EV on a backward-moving tool.The tool chisels into the material in each vibration cycle to generate an upright chip with a high aspect ratio through material deformation.Thanks to the tool’s backward movement,the chip is left on the material surface to form a microstructure rather than falling off.Since one microstructure is generated in one vibration cycle,the process can be highly efficient using ultrafast(>1 kHz)tool vibration.A finite element analysis model is established to explore the process mechanics of EV-chiseling.Next,a mechanistic model of the microstructured surface generation is developed to describe the microstructures’aspect ratio dependency on the process parameters.Then,surface texturing tests are performed on copper to verify the efficacy of EV-chiseling.Uniformed micro ribs with a spacing of 1–10μm and an aspect ratio of 2–5 have been successfully textured on copper.Compared with the conventional EV-cutting that uses a forward-moving tool,EV-chiseling can improve the aspect ratio of textured microstructure by up to 40 times.The experimental results also verify the accuracy of the developed surface generation model of microstructures.Finally,the effects of elliptical trajectory,depth of cut,tool shape,and tool edge radius on the surface generation of micro ribs have been discussed.

System Dependence Graph Construction for Aspect Oriented C++

This paper proposes an extended system dependence graph called AspectSDG to represent control and data dependences for AspeetC＋＋ programs, and presents an approach for the construction of AspectSDG. This approach decomposes aspect-oriented programs into three parts： component codes, aspect codes, and weaving codes. It constructs program dependence graphs （PDGs） for each part, and then connects the PDGs at call sites to form the complete AspectSDG. The AspectSDG can deal with advice precedence correctly, and represent the additional dependences caused by aspect codes. Based on this model, we introduce how to compute a static slice of an AspectC＋ ＋ program.

ASPECTS评分及多模态CT定量分析在AIS预后预测中的应用

目的探讨ASPECTS评分及多模态CT中各参数在急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)预后预测的应用价值。方法收集2019年1月-2023年4月诊断为AIS并在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院就诊的患者,在治疗前均行多模态CT(包括NCCT、CTA、CTP)检查的患者93例,3个月后随访并根据改良Rankin量表评分(mRs)将患者分为预后良好组(mRs≤2)和预后不良组(mRs>2),收集两组患者的临床资料及多模态CT定量参数比较其在预测AIS中预后中有无意义。结果一般资料分析可见预后不良组患者入院基线NIHSS评分、远端侧支循环及ASPECTS评分均与预后良好组之间有一定的统计学差异(P<0.05);CT灌注定量参数分析可见预后不良组CBF较低,而MTT、Tmax、TTP较预后良好组延长,且具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中NIHSS、远端侧支循环及Tmax为影响AIS预后的独立危险因素。结论NIHSS、远端侧支循环、ASPECTS及多模态CT可以对AIS的预后进行评测。均具有较好的预测效能,其中Tmax及NIHSS预测效能最好。

Management of Significant Environmental Aspects and Impacts in Accordance with the ISO 14001:2015 Standard during the Operation and Maintenance Phase of Senegal River Basin Development Authority Hydroelectric Works and Facilities: The Case of Manantali Dam

This study aims to determine the environmental aspects and impacts of the phase relating to the operation of Manantali’s hydroelectric structures and facilities according to the requirements of the ISO 14001 version 2015 standard. To do this, the mapping of the different work areas made it possible to identify all the activities within the framework of the farm. Based on the mapping, environmental measurements made including noise level, brightness, electric and magnetic fields, total particles, PM10, PM2.5, PM1 showed the work areas with the exposure limit values exceeded. The inventories of the waste produced show eighteen (18) types of waste, 67% of which are special industrial waste (SIW), 28% are ordinary industrial waste (OIW) and 5% are inert industrial waste (IIW). The identification and assessment of environmental aspects and impacts made it possible to determine sixteen (16) positive and negative significant environmental aspects (ESAs). The positive AES must be maintained, and for the negative ones, mitigation and mitigation measures must be put in place in order to manage them effectively. This will ultimately improve environmental management in the operation of hydroelectric structures and facilities.

Psychosocial Aspects of Male Infertility at the Service of Urology-Andrology of the Hospital of the Sino-Guinean Friendship

Objective: Describe the psychosocial aspects of male infertility at the hospital of the Sino-Guinean Friendship. Patients and method: It is a prospective study of a descriptive type covering a period of 6 months. The study covered 17 patients, all received for a desire to conceive after at least one year of regular sexual intercourse without contraception. The data were collected from patient interviews using a pre-established questionnaire. Results: The average age of the patients was 32.07 years with extremes of 23 years and 42 years. During this study, 64.70% of patients were no longer participating in community ceremonies. The patients’ relationships with their spouse and family deteriorated in 52.94% and 47.06%, respectively. Conversely, relations with the family of origin remained unchanged in 70.59 percent of cases. The reduction in economic activity was by 13 patients (76.48%). Conclusion: Male infertility causes a real psychic earthquake in men with its corollaries of negative feelings. The rather complex moral repercussions of male infertility affect not only the individual, his/her partner, and family, but also economic activity.

Study on the Influence of Aspect Ratio on the Seismic Response and Overturning Resistance of a New Staggered Story Isolated Structure

The aspect ratio of the structure has a significant impact on the overall stability of the ultra high-rise building. A large aspect ratio of the structure increases the risk of overturning and reduces the lateral stiffness of the structure, leading to significant tensile and compressive stresses in the isolated bearings. To study the effect of aspect ratio on the seismic response and overturning resistance of a new staggered story isolated structure, three models with different aspect ratios were established. Nonlinear time-history analysis of the three models was conducted using ETABS finite element software. The results indicate that the overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure increase with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the increase in the overturning moment of the superstructure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance moment, resulting in a decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The overturning moment and overturning resistance moment of the substructure in the new staggered story isolated structure decrease with an increasing aspect ratio. However, the decrease in the overturning moment of the substructure is greater than the decrease in the overturning resistance moment, leading to an increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure with an increasing aspect ratio. The decrease in the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure in the new staggered story isolated structure is much greater than the increase in the overturning resistance ratio of the substructure. Therefore, as the aspect ratio of the overall structure increases, the overturning resistance ratio of the superstructure and the entire structure decreases.

一种基于预训练模型掩码Aspect术语的数据增强方法

数据增强是解决低资源场景下数据稀缺问题的有效方案。然而,当应用于诸如方面术语提取(ATE)之类的词级别任务时,数据增强方法通常会遭受词标签不对齐的问题,从而导致效果不理想。对此提出了掩码方面语言建模(MALM)作为ATE的新型数据增强框架。为了缓解标记、标签错位问题,将ATE标签显式注入到句子上下文中,由此经过微调的MALM能够显式地调整标签信息来预测掩码的方面标记。因此,MALM可帮助生成具有新方面的高质量增强数据,提供丰富的层面方面知识。此外,提出了一个两阶段的训练策略来整合这些合成数据。通过实验,证明了MALM在两个ATE数据集上的有效性,相比基线方法,所提出的MALM有显著的性能改进。

面向Aspect的程序设计——一种新的编程范型

1引言 面向Aspect的程序设计(Aspect Oriented Program-ming:AOP)[1],其概念的出现不过几年的时间,却体现了解决问题的非常简单而深刻的"分而治之"的思想.

面向Aspect的操作系统研究

面向Aspect软件设计是一种新的软件设计思想和技术.分析了近年来操作系统贯穿特性与Aspect概念,构件重构、系统演化与设计,系统安全、性能检测与容错这3个方面的研究成果,指出面向Aspect操作系统研究已经获得了积极的成果.但是,目前的研究缺乏一定的深度和广度,尚没有在操作系统的设计阶段运用AOP(Aspect-Orientedoperating)思想的成果出现.在已有操作系统代码中抽象Aspect的过程中,缺乏完整的工程化和规范化的研究.这些问题的解决有赖于面向Aspect研究的进一步深入.最后,对面向Aspect操作系统研究的前景进行展望,认为有关AOSD(Aspect-Orientedsoftwaredevelopment)的研究有可能对未来操作系统的发展产生重大影响.

CTA源影像的后循环ASPECT评分对急性椎-基底动脉闭塞性缺血性卒中患者Solitaire AB支架取栓术预后的预测价值

目的探讨CTA源影像的后循环ASPECT(CTA-SI pc-ASPECT)评分对急性椎-基底动脉闭塞性缺血性卒中患者Solitaire AB支架取栓术预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析我科在2014年11月~2017年3月行血管内治疗急性椎-基底动脉闭塞性缺血性卒中患者19例,治疗前行NIHSS评分、CTA-SI pc-ASPECT评分,3 m后行mRS评分,定义mRS≤2分为预后良好,mRS>2分为预后不良,改良脑梗死溶栓试验分级(mTICI)≥Ⅱb为血管再通。研究CTA-SI pc-ASPECT评分及其他可能影响临床预后的因素。结果共19例患者行机械取栓术,12例患者预后良好,症状性脑出血患者5例,5例患者死亡,血管成功再通12例。CTA-SI pc-ASPECT评分>8分与≤8分组在预后良好及症状性颅内出血率差异有统计学意义。结论在急性椎-基底动脉闭塞性缺血性卒中患者中使用Solitaire支架取栓是相对安全有效的,CTA-SI pc-ASPECT评分≤8分发生不良预后及症状性颅内出血率风险较大。

CT灌注成像ASPECTS在急性缺血性脑卒中溶栓再通中的应用

目的研究CT灌注成像(CTP)、Albertu脑卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)在检测可逆性脑组织缺血方面的作用。方法回顾62例患者临床和影像学资料,这些患者均因急性缺血性脑卒中(持续时间<3 h)接受了静脉溶栓治疗,脑卒中患者最初影像学评估包括非对比增强CT(NCCT),CT血管造影(CTA)和CTP。结果共25例患者存在CTP ASPECTS不匹配。CTP ASPECTS不匹配亚组最终脑梗死体积分别与NCCT 0 h-ASPECTS,平均间隔时间(MTT)-ASPECTS,脑血容量(CBV)-ASPECTS,NCCT 24 h-ASPECTS均呈负相关,ΔmRS分别与NCCT 0 h-ASPECTS,MTT-ASPECTS,CBV-ASPECTS,NCCT 24 h-ASPECTS间均呈负相关。与所有患者组或所有前循环事件的患者亚组相比,在CTP ASPECTS不匹配亚组,ASPECTS和临床结果之间的相关性较高。MTT-ASPECTS和CBV-ASPECTS分数与临床结果之间的相关性比NCCT 0 h-ASPECTS(即入院时NCCT-ASPECTS)与临床结果的相关性要强。二分ΔmRS,采用ΔmRS≤1表示良好的临床效果,MTT-NCCT 24 h ASPECTS不匹配的统计学显著性最低的阈值为2(P=0.04),该值预测良好的临床结果。在MTT-NCCT 24 h ASPECTS不匹配≥2的患者亚组(n=12),此参数和CTP-ASPECTS不匹配间有较强的相关性(r=0.79,P<0.001),并具有较强的线性相关性(R2=0.671)。结论 CTP ASPECTS不匹配可充分预测潜在的可挽救缺血脑组织的量。

基于主题模型的(Aspect,Rating)摘要生成方法研究

提出基于短语参数学习的主题模型TMPP(Topic Model based on Phrase Parameter)对在线评论中被评价实体的aspect和与之对应的rating进行抽取.TMPP具有三个特点:1)评论用"短语袋"表示;2)将标准的LDA中表示文档-主题的参数扩展为(aspect,rating)集;3)融合了先验知识.介绍了TMPP模型参数的物理含义、模型的生成过程以及先验知识的获取和表示方法;阐述了在TMPP模型中引入方面集聚类使用先验知识的原因与好处、TMPP模型提取(方面,等级)对形成(aspect,rating)摘要的原理.以真实的在线产品评论数据集为实验对象,在实验过程中引入先验知识的方面识别分析和等级预测精度分析,列出了五类产品相关方面和对立的情感词的实验结果.通过与已有的基线方法比较,实验表明若评论集中每篇评论有一个总体等级,TMPP能产生高质量的(aspect,rating)摘要.

Effects of aspect ratio and loading rate on room-temperature mechanical properties of Cu-based bulk metallic glasses

Room-temperature mechanical properties of Cu50Zr40Ti10-xNix（0≤x≤4,mole fraction,%） bulk metallic glasses （BMG） with aspect ratios in the range of 1：1-2.5：1 and loading rates in the range of1×10^-5-1×10^-2s^-1were systematically investigated by room-temperatureuniaxialcompression test.In the condition of an aspect ratio of 1：1, the superplasticity can be clearly observed for Cu50Zr40Ti10BMG when the loading rate is1×10^-4s^-1, while for Cu50Zr40Ti10-xNix（x=1-3, mole fraction, %） BMGs when the loading rate is1×10^-2s^-1. The plastic strain （εp）, yielding strength （σy） and fracture strength （σf） of the studied Cu-based BMGs significantly depend on the aspect ratio and the loading rate. In addition, theσyof the studied Cu-based BMGs with an aspect ratio of 1：1 is close to the σfof those with the other aspect ratios when the loading rate is1×10^-2s^-1. The mechanism for the mechanical response to the loading rate and the aspect ratiowas also discussed.

基于ASPeCT的BOC调制信号捕获与跟踪研究

针对BOC调制信号传统捕获算法的模糊问题,在对直接捕获法、BPSK-Like法以及ASPeCT法分析的基础上,确定了ASPeCT法作为信号接收机捕获模块的设计方案。然后设计了基于BOC调制信号的跟踪环路,在对载波环和码环分析的基础上,确定了锁频环辅助锁相环作为环路中载波环的设计方案,以及修正后的EMLP鉴相器为环路中码环的设计方案。最后,对基于ASPeCT法捕获及基于锁频环辅助锁相环、ASPeCT修正码环的信号跟踪进行了实验仿真,验证了捕获模块和跟踪环路方案的有效性。

用概念格方法挖掘Aspect

横切关注引起的代码散布和代码交织现象是面向对象编程技术自身的局限性造成的,面向方面的编程(AOP)技术有望成为解决该问题的有效途径。本文以改善程序代码的横切现象为目标,把面向对象遗产系统中的方法作为实例,方法间的直接调用关系作为实例的特征,使用概念格技术挖掘候选Aspect集。候选Aspet集较好地反映了遗产系统中横切关注点的行为结构,Aspect重构提供有用的帮助。本文使用一个银行应用系统的实际例子进行了实验,说明了概念格方法的可用性。