A variety of test methodologies are commonly used to assess if a photovoltaic system can perform in line with expectations generated by a computer simulation. One of the commonly used methodologies across the PV indus...A variety of test methodologies are commonly used to assess if a photovoltaic system can perform in line with expectations generated by a computer simulation. One of the commonly used methodologies across the PV industry is an ASTM E2848. ASTM E2848-13, 2023 test method provides measurement and analysis procedures for determining the capacity of a specific photovoltaic system built in a particular place and in operation under natural sunlight. This test method is mainly used for acceptance testing of newly installed photovoltaic systems, reporting of DC or AC system performance, and monitoring of photovoltaic system performance. The purpose of the PV Capacity Test and modeled energy test is to verify that the integrated system formed from all components of the PV Project has a production capacity that achieves the Guaranteed Capacity and the Guaranteed modeled AEP under measured weather conditions that occur when each PV Capacity Test is conducted. In this paper, we will be discussing ASTM E2848 PV Capacity test plan purpose and scope, methodology, Selection of reporting conditions (RC), data requirements, calculation of results, reporting, challenges, acceptance criteria on pass/fail test results, Cure period, and Sole remedy for EPC contractors for bifacial irradiance.展开更多
针对横置轴流滚筒长度受限和脱出物在清选筛入口一角堆积严重的问题,设计了以同轴差速脱粒滚筒、圆锥形清选风机、双层振动筛和螺旋板齿式复脱器为主要工作部件的横置差速轴流式脱分选系统。为了提升横置差速轴流脱分选系统工作性能,设...针对横置轴流滚筒长度受限和脱出物在清选筛入口一角堆积严重的问题,设计了以同轴差速脱粒滚筒、圆锥形清选风机、双层振动筛和螺旋板齿式复脱器为主要工作部件的横置差速轴流式脱分选系统。为了提升横置差速轴流脱分选系统工作性能,设计了喂入量为2 kg/s的试验台,采用二次正交旋转组合设计法进行工作性能试验,考察差速滚筒转速组合、圆锥形风机叶片锥度、差速滚筒高低速段长度配比3个因素对损失率、破碎率、含杂率和脱粒功耗4个性能指标的影响。建立了损失率、破碎率、含杂率、脱粒功耗的回归数学模型,利用Matlab优化工具箱对回归数学模型进行了多目标优化计算。结果表明:影响横置差速轴流脱分选系统损失率、含杂率的3个因素主次顺序依次为差速滚筒转速组合、圆锥形风机叶片锥度、差速滚筒高低速段长度配比;影响横置差速轴流脱分选系统破碎率、脱粒功耗的3个因素主次顺序依次为差速滚筒转速组合、差速滚筒高低速段长度配比、圆锥形风机叶片锥度;最优参数组合为:差速滚筒转速组合750、850 r/min,风机叶片锥度3.8°,高速段比例30%;对应工作性能指标为:损失率1.57%、破碎率0.71%、含杂率0.38%,脱粒功耗6.67 k W/kg。田间试验结果表明,横置差速轴流脱分选系统工作性能指标优于行业标准。展开更多
Ventilation fans are an important component of any mechanically ventilated building.Poor fan performance could significantly affect the whole building performance metrics.There are several issues such as dirty blades,...Ventilation fans are an important component of any mechanically ventilated building.Poor fan performance could significantly affect the whole building performance metrics.There are several issues such as dirty blades,mechanical wear,aging of fans could impact the fan’s performance.In present work,a novel,indirect and data-driven methodology is introduced to monitor the ventilation fan unit performance.The proposed method is able to perform continuous monitoring of ventilation fan unit in real-time.The real-time performance of 3 Air handling unit(AHU)fans is examined in an academic building.Expected fan performance is modeled with the help of manufacturer data and compared against the real-time performance.Two data-driven models are developed and implemented.The first model is used to compute expected total fan pressure at a given airflow rate while second is a Support Vector Regression(SVR)model,to predict the fan efficiency.The performance monitoring of the ventilation fan unit is determined in terms of expected and actual fan energy consumption.Findings indicated a significant performance gap in three ventilation fan unit in a case building known as OU44,located in city Odense,Denmark.The advantage of this method comprises simplicity,no direct human intervention and scalability to the series of ventilation units.展开更多
文摘A variety of test methodologies are commonly used to assess if a photovoltaic system can perform in line with expectations generated by a computer simulation. One of the commonly used methodologies across the PV industry is an ASTM E2848. ASTM E2848-13, 2023 test method provides measurement and analysis procedures for determining the capacity of a specific photovoltaic system built in a particular place and in operation under natural sunlight. This test method is mainly used for acceptance testing of newly installed photovoltaic systems, reporting of DC or AC system performance, and monitoring of photovoltaic system performance. The purpose of the PV Capacity Test and modeled energy test is to verify that the integrated system formed from all components of the PV Project has a production capacity that achieves the Guaranteed Capacity and the Guaranteed modeled AEP under measured weather conditions that occur when each PV Capacity Test is conducted. In this paper, we will be discussing ASTM E2848 PV Capacity test plan purpose and scope, methodology, Selection of reporting conditions (RC), data requirements, calculation of results, reporting, challenges, acceptance criteria on pass/fail test results, Cure period, and Sole remedy for EPC contractors for bifacial irradiance.
文摘针对横置轴流滚筒长度受限和脱出物在清选筛入口一角堆积严重的问题,设计了以同轴差速脱粒滚筒、圆锥形清选风机、双层振动筛和螺旋板齿式复脱器为主要工作部件的横置差速轴流式脱分选系统。为了提升横置差速轴流脱分选系统工作性能,设计了喂入量为2 kg/s的试验台,采用二次正交旋转组合设计法进行工作性能试验,考察差速滚筒转速组合、圆锥形风机叶片锥度、差速滚筒高低速段长度配比3个因素对损失率、破碎率、含杂率和脱粒功耗4个性能指标的影响。建立了损失率、破碎率、含杂率、脱粒功耗的回归数学模型,利用Matlab优化工具箱对回归数学模型进行了多目标优化计算。结果表明:影响横置差速轴流脱分选系统损失率、含杂率的3个因素主次顺序依次为差速滚筒转速组合、圆锥形风机叶片锥度、差速滚筒高低速段长度配比;影响横置差速轴流脱分选系统破碎率、脱粒功耗的3个因素主次顺序依次为差速滚筒转速组合、差速滚筒高低速段长度配比、圆锥形风机叶片锥度;最优参数组合为:差速滚筒转速组合750、850 r/min,风机叶片锥度3.8°,高速段比例30%;对应工作性能指标为:损失率1.57%、破碎率0.71%、含杂率0.38%,脱粒功耗6.67 k W/kg。田间试验结果表明,横置差速轴流脱分选系统工作性能指标优于行业标准。
文摘Ventilation fans are an important component of any mechanically ventilated building.Poor fan performance could significantly affect the whole building performance metrics.There are several issues such as dirty blades,mechanical wear,aging of fans could impact the fan’s performance.In present work,a novel,indirect and data-driven methodology is introduced to monitor the ventilation fan unit performance.The proposed method is able to perform continuous monitoring of ventilation fan unit in real-time.The real-time performance of 3 Air handling unit(AHU)fans is examined in an academic building.Expected fan performance is modeled with the help of manufacturer data and compared against the real-time performance.Two data-driven models are developed and implemented.The first model is used to compute expected total fan pressure at a given airflow rate while second is a Support Vector Regression(SVR)model,to predict the fan efficiency.The performance monitoring of the ventilation fan unit is determined in terms of expected and actual fan energy consumption.Findings indicated a significant performance gap in three ventilation fan unit in a case building known as OU44,located in city Odense,Denmark.The advantage of this method comprises simplicity,no direct human intervention and scalability to the series of ventilation units.
