Analysis of debris flow control effect and hazard assessment in Xinqiao Gully,Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake area based on numerical simulation

Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.

Evaluation of Infection Prevention and Control Programmes (IPC), and Assessment Tools for IPC-Programmes at MOH-Health Facilities in Saudi Arabia

Infection Prevention and Control is a Quality Standard and is crucial in all health care facilities. Many hospitals remain deficient in trained infection control professionals (ICPs), and now there is an acute awareness of the need to correct this shortfall. The objectives of the study were to describe the current status of ICP programs at ministry of health (MOH) and to evaluate the current status of infection prevention and control programs at health care facilities in kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional interview and a self assessment study were conducted on infection prevention and control (IPC) program in Saudi Arabia. All the MOH hospital in all regions was randomly chosen to the study setting. The selection of facilities was done at random with a clear intention to include twenty regions. A random sample was taken from these hospitals with sample size 56 (55.4%), by Multi stage random sampling technique. Results showed that the total facility in all over the kingdom was 51.4% where central area covered the facility score 58.2%, followed by western area (54.8%), south (53.7%), east (46.3%), and lastly with (45.8%) north area. Survey revealed that the infrastructure for infection control program in Saudi Arabian hospitals remained underdeveloped. There were defects in the identified components of effective infection control programs.

Community capacity for sustainable community—based dengue prevention and control:study of a sub—district in Southern Thailand

Objective:To assess the level of community capacity for dengue prevention and control and to study household environments and larval indices in southern Thailand.Methods:A crosssectional survey was designed for the study,enrolling two communities with higher dengue incidence rate than the standard over the past five years.Data gathering was conducted by the dengue leader group(DLG),including 15 leaders and 15 non-leaders trained by the research team.The dengue community capacity assessment tool(DCCAT) for leaders(115 items.14 domains) and non-leaders(83 items,11 domains).Participants were selected by the DLG based on their communities’ dengue risk.In the low-dengue incidence(LDI) community,32 leaders and 177 non-leaders were selected;while in the high-dengue incidence(HDI) community,31 leaders and 199 non-leaders were chosen.Results:The leaders from the LDI and the HDI communities demonstrated high levels of dengue community-capacity(360.47±58.82,416.22±57.72). Non-leaders in the LDI community demonstrated a moderate level of dengue community capacity competence(205.90±60.76),while the non-leaders in the HDI community had a high level (254.78±50.34).Conclusions:These initial levels of dengue community capacity serves as a baseline for diagnosing each community.For a community that needed to improve its capacity, the DCCAT is essential tool to conduct a pre-post intervention assessment or a serial assessment. A participatory approach is taken to enable local communities to carry out anti-dengue efforts on their own,rather than have intervention by an outsider.

Clinical Research of Pre-Hospital Emergency Care, Nursing, Infection Prevention and Control for Senile Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture during Epidemic Period

Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) are the high incidences of diseases in the elderly. During the epidemic period, if not treated in time, the complications are high and the mortality is high. If we do not pay attention to infection prevention and control in pre-hospital emergency care, it will lead to the first time infection of medical staff and in-hospital cross infection in emergency outpatient receiving area. The correct consideration of both and the establishment of perfect pre-hospital emergency treatment and infection prevention and control synchronous strategy is an important premise to ensure the stable, orderly and safe medical treatment. Objective: To explore the effect of synchronous implementation of pre-hospital emergency care, nursing and infection pre-vention and control for senile OVCF during the epidemic. In order to improve the efficiency of pre-hospital emergency care and prevent the spread of infection. Method: A total of 92 elderly patients with OVCF who received pre-hospital treatment in 18 hospitals in Zhangjiakou City during the epidemic prevention and control period from January 2020 to November 2022 and met the inclusion criteria were selected as research objects, including 24 males and 68 females, aged 65 - 82 (74.2 ± 2.2) years. All patients were associated with concomitant injuries and underlying diseases. All patients in this group underwent predictive pre-hospital rescue and infection prevention and control procedures. Results: All the 92 elderly patients with OVCF received timely pre-hospital treatment during the epidemic period, and no aggravation occurred of the 92 patients, 35 were in the high risk area, 10 were in the medium risk area, and 47 were in the low risk area. Exclude OVCF for NCP Patients were treated according to the conventional diagnosis and treatment principles. Suspected and confirmed cases are transferred to designated surgical hospitals for treatment. All patients were followed up 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment. There was no death rate, high satisfaction of pre-hospital first aid, high diagnostic accuracy, and good curative effect. None of the rescue personnel had any infection rate, and no hospital infection transmission and nosocomial cross infection occurred. Conclusion: It is the first step to safely treat patients and prevent cross infection to establish a perfect synchronous strategy of pre-hospital first aid and infection prevention and control.

Behavior analysis and formative assessments in online oral medicine education during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,traditional teaching methods were disrupted and online teaching became a new topic in education reform and informatization.In this context,it is important to investigate the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods for medical students.This study explored stomatology education in China to evaluate the development and challenges facing the field using massive open online courses(MOOCs)for oral medicine education during the pandemic.AIM To investigate the current situation and challenges facing stomatology education in China,and to assess the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods among medical students.METHODS Online courses were developed and offered on personal computers and mobile terminals.Behavioral analysis and formative assessments were conducted to evaluate the learning status of students.RESULTS The results showed that most learners had already completed MOOCs and achieved better results.Course behavior analysis and student surveys indicated that students enjoyed the learning experience.However,the development of oral MOOCs during the COVID-19 pandemic faced significant challenges.CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the potential of using MOOCs to support online professional learning and future teaching innovation,but emphasizes the need for careful design and positive feedback to ensure their success.

Basic Works of Flash Flood Disaster Analysis and Assessment in Rucheng County of Hunan Province

The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation in county region,excavation of working map information,determination of assessment object list,examination of investigated data,and standardized arrangement of data. Finally,the suggestions for basic work of analysis and assessment are given,which could provide the references for implementing analysis and assessment work of flash flood disaster in other regions.

Evaluation of Lead Exposure by Hand Wipes: A Review of the Effectiveness of Personal Hygiene on Industrial Sites

To evaluate the effectiveness of personal hygiene (handwashing) amongst workers at industrial sites to remove lead from their hands, a retrospective analysis of hand wipe samples was conducted using data collected by two contractors from two bridge painting projects for total lead using method ASTM E-1979-17/EPA SW846 7000B. Exposures resulted from the removal of lead-based paint from the structure and trace elements of lead found in the abrasive blast media. In total, six work tasks were evaluated and sixty unique hand wipe samples were evaluated. Thirty samples were collected during the worker’s lunch break, after they had reportedly washed their hands with a further 30 collected at the end of the workday following the same protocol. To be included in this evaluation, the contractors were required to follow NIOSH Method 9105 (Lead in Dust Wipes-Dermal Surfaces) with subsequent analysis of samples for total lead by an American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) accredited laboratory. All 60 samples contained detectable lead. The lead exposures ranged from 19.5 μg to 3420 μg. The geometric mean for the samples collected was 337 μg. These results indicate that current personal hygiene practices at the evaluated sites are not effective at removing lead from worker’s hands during and after the workday. They also suggest that the residual lead measured on the workers’ hands, at the end of the shift, is likely contributing to the elevated blood lead levels in this population.

新能源场站快速频率支撑能力评估研究现状与技术展望

随着以风电、光伏为代表的新能源发电逐步取代同步机组,系统调频资源不足、抗扰动能力下降,频率安全问题凸显,新能源场站提供快速频率支撑成为构建新型电力系统的必然要求。新能源场站快速频率支撑是其内部多设备、多环节综合作用的结果,受风光资源、控制策略、电网条件等多因素的影响和制约。量化评估新能源场站的快速频率支撑能力是指导场站调频优化控制、分析新型电力系统频率响应特性、实现场站调频资源与电网交互的基础和前提。文中对新能源场站快速频率支撑能力评估问题进行了全面综述。首先,分析场站快速频率支撑的特征,并给出了场站快速频率支撑能力的定义;然后,从状态属性、控制特性、调频效果3个维度梳理了场站快速频率支撑能力的评估指标体系,并对各类评估指标的常用计算方法进行分析评述;最后,提出了值得关注和进一步研究的关键技术问题。

科技创新推动茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升

现阶段我国茶叶质量安全水平高,饮茶安全有保障。茶叶饮用安全得益于茶叶科技创新日益发展,茶园绿色防控技术、清洁化茶叶加工技术、茶叶质量安全精准检测技术与风险评估理论创新,将茶叶质量安全从末端监管调整到从茶园到茶杯的全过程,为茶叶质量安全风险监测、风险控制与风险管理提供强有力的科学支撑。性诱剂化学生态防控技术、杀虫灯与诱虫色板物理诱杀技术、茶尺蠖与茶毛虫病毒生物防治技术、以草抑草绿色除草技术等茶园绿色防控技术从源头提升了茶叶农药残留控制水平;清洁化能源加热替代传统的燃煤燃材加热方式,显著降低了茶叶加工中环境污染物和重金属等有害物质的污染;质谱创新技术将茶叶质量安全检测提升到高通量精准检测与非靶向筛查水平,速测创新技术前移了茶叶农药残留的监测环节。文章介绍了近年来我国茶叶质量安全水平,分析了科技创新对茶叶质量安全全程管控能力提升的推动作用。

基于FMEA管理模式的风险评估在医院感染防控中应用效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)管理模式在医院感染防控中的应用效果。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、the Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)中FMEA管理模式在医院感染防控中应用的相关文献,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并进行交叉核对,采用ROB工具对纳入的随机对照研究进行风险及质量评价,采用NOS量表对纳入的队列研究进行评分,应用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入22项研究,42815例患者,其中FMEA管理模式组21784例,对照组21031例。Meta分析结果显示,FMEA管理模式组医院感染发病率低于对照组[OR=0.31,95%CI(0.24,0.40)];与常规管理模式相比,FMEA管理模式组表浅手术切口感染发病率[OR=0.53,95%CI(0.36,0.78)]、呼吸系统感染发病率[OR=0.44,95%CI(0.35,0.56)]、泌尿系统感染发病率[OR=0.45,95%CI(0.38,0.53)]及血液系统感染发病率[OR=0.29,95%CI(0.18,0.45)]更低(均P<0.01)。结论FMEA管理模式在医院感染防控中的应用,能够降低医院感染发病率,应在医院管理中积极推广应用。

2022年省、市、县疾控机构106项水质指标检测能力调查与分析

目的了解2022年省、市、县疾控机构(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)对《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中规定的106项指标的检测能力,分析省、市、县各指标检测能力不足的主要原因。方法收集2022年度全国各级CDC水质检测能力数据,对省级、地市级CDC的42项常规指标、64项非常规指标和对县级CDC的42项常规指标不具备检测能力的机构占比及不能检测的原因占比进行分析。结果省级CDC检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性、总β放射性(4个省级,占比14%)和贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫(6个省级,21%),主要原因均为设备配置不到位(100%),其次是无检测人员(50%~75%)。地市级CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为47%;其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐),占比为6%~22%,不具备检测能力的原因包括无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员;非常规指标中,除了氨氮(1%)外的63项指标不具备检测能力的机构占比均≥19%,其中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫不具备检测能力的机构占比最高(65%),主要原因为无设备(88%),其次为无检测人员(42%~43%)、无试剂(40%)和无标准品(38%);其余61项指标不能检测的原因为无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员(占比分别为60%~76%、45%~62%、42%~53%、51%~67%)。县级CDC常规指标中,放射性指标检测能力最弱(总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为85%),其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、四氯化碳和三氯甲烷),不具备检测能力的主要原因以无设备(83%~94%)和无检测人员(53%~76%)为主。结论省、市、县CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在放射性指标(省、市、县CDC),消毒剂指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2))、消毒副产物指标(甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐)(市、县CDC),以及四氯化碳、三氯甲烷(县CDC);非常规指标中氨氮检测能力较好(省、市CDC),检测能力不足主要体现在贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫(省、市CDC),及其他指标(市CDC)。检测能力不足的主要原因是设备配置不到位,今后应该重点从增配设备着手,增强水质检测能力。

干部考核标准化线上评议系统的研究和应用

本研究旨在探讨计算机和网络技术在政务部门的标准化应用情景研究,通过设计、研发、应用干部考核标准化线上评议系统,并在疫情特殊环境下得到应用,实现既符合疫情人群不聚集的要求,又加快推进线上考核评议工作标准化的进程,本文对其研究与应用进行了讨论和分析。这些结果对于深入理解政务业务标准化具有重要意义。

外来水生生物入侵的现状、影响及防控对策

人类活动和气候变化加剧了非本地物种在全球范围内的跨区域传播,导致外来生物入侵事件日益严重,已成为全球化的生态、经济和国家安全领域的重大问题。其中,水生入侵生物因其形态多样、隐蔽性高和入侵途径多样等特点,较陆生生物更加难以监测预警和防控。近年来,随着全球化的步伐加快,中国水生生物入侵日益严重,但相应的入侵机制研究相对薄弱,防控技术研发亦显不足。因此,本文综合梳理了中国水生生物入侵现状,并深入分析其带来的经济、生态和安全影响。在借鉴中国陆地生物入侵领域的研究成果和防控有效措施的基础上,分析了中国水生生物入侵防控面临的关键问题,并在入侵机制研究、关键技术研发和法规政策等方面对中国水生生物入侵防控提出了具体建议。本文系统分析并展望了中国入侵水生生物的现状和未来研究重点,旨在为国家生物安全规划以及任务决策部署提供参考依据。

基于轨迹计算的落石风险评估与防护措施决策研究

崩塌落石作为常见地质灾害之一,为探索验证简便可靠的风险评估手段,文中根据工程自身需求和特点,选择形式简洁的轨迹计算法评估落石风险。通过运动学公式进行程序化设计,讨论计算参数的合理取值,用大量计算数据模拟落石在坡面运动过程中的特征,给出落石风险评估结果,并制定出以主动防护为主的防治策略。

安徽省阜南县地质灾害风险调查评价研究

为深入探究并科学评价安徽省阜南县地质灾害高风险区域,确保当地居民生命财产安全,本文通过1∶5万比例尺地质灾害风险调查工作,对该县潜在的地质灾害类型、形成机制以及对人类社会构成的威胁进行了系统分析。基于调查数据和科学的风险评估方法,本文不仅提出了针对性的地质灾害风险管控策略,还全面总结了阜南县地质灾害的发育分布规律。这一研究不仅为阜南县地质灾害的防控提供了科学依据,也为类似地区的地质灾害风险管理提供了参考。

山东黄河水文数字孪生关键技术研究及应用

为实现黄河流域防汛“四预”功能,对河道洪水、漫滩演进等过程进行精准的动态化预测预报,构建山东黄河水文数字孪生示范平台,介绍数字孪生构建过程中的多源异构数据融合、水动力学模型构建等关键技术,重点阐述基于流体解算的漫滩仿真和仿真推演方法、三维模拟和动态可视化渲染、洪水演进推演可视化配置等,可动态展示漫滩河段槽蓄量、滩蓄量、淹没趋势等核心数据,自主生成区域洪水灾害影响仿真评估报告。关键技术主要应用于洪水灾害防御业务、水资源优化配置及管理、水利工程全周期管理、河湖保护治理等领域,服务黄河防汛抗旱指挥、河道各级主管等部门,助力新阶段水利高质量发展。

我国疾病预防控制机构考核评价政策沿革、问题及对策

通过梳理总结我国针对疾控机构/工作开展考核评价相关的政策文件及文献,总结当前疾控机构考核评价关键点,梳理现存问题,并提出改进的对策建议,为新时代下疾病预防控制中心考核评价相关政策文件的制定提供借鉴。

大采深高承压水条件下煤层底板突水问题及解决对策

在当前煤矿普遍面临大采深、底板高承压水、高地应力等采掘条件下,正确评价煤层底板承压水突水危险是做好防治水工作的基础。以河南省受底板灰岩承压水突水威胁的大水矿井为例,就底板破坏深度计算、突水系数计算及临界值、脆弱性指数法、不同水文地质单元的“双层水位”效应等问题进行了剖析。分析表明:在大采深和高地应力开采条件下,底板破坏深度较现有用经验公式计算得到的值偏大,一些矿井突水系数虽小于全国临界值,但回采过程中却发生了突水,脆弱性指数法有待于规范化。此外,井田范围内水文地质条件存在着时空变化,甚至会出现“双层水位”等现象。鉴于此,提出了建立大采深和高地应力开采条件下的底板破坏深度计算模型、确定矿区或矿井范围的临界突水系数值、规范脆弱性指数评价方法、查明水文地质条件的时空变化和不同单元的水动力参数、制定同各单元水文地质条件相适应的防治水措施等各项对策。

食源性致病菌交叉污染风险的数学模拟及精准防控策略研究进展

食源性致病菌交叉污染是食品加工生产、贮藏运输、家庭消费等环节中广泛存在的一种现象,被视为导致食源性疾病暴发的重要原因之一。运用数学模型模拟食源性致病菌在不同食品媒介中的转移情况,能够帮助人们理解食源性致病菌交叉污染的传播规律。进一步将交叉污染模型与微生物风险评估相结合,明确交叉污染发生的关键环节,并配合一系列新型的抗菌涂层设计,将能有效地预防和控制交叉污染的发生。因此,本文首先综述了食品工业及家庭生活中致病菌交叉污染导致的食品安全问题,并详细地概述食源性致病菌交叉污染数学建模的最新研究进展,最后通过全局控制和源头控制两个层面,分别阐述了微生物风险评估与危害分析与关键控制点相结合和抗菌涂层在食源性致病菌交叉污染防控中的应用,并对交叉污染未来的研究方案和控制策略提出了展望。

基于TeamSTEPPS风险防控模式的护理在气管切开患者感染防控中的应用

目的 探讨基于强化临床表现和医疗安全的团队策略与工具(Team STEPPS)?风险防控模式的护理在气管切开患者感染防控中的应用。方法 选取2021年1月~2022年12月在安庆市第一人民医院入住的82例气管切开患者。其中2021年41例为对照组,实施常规的气管切开术后护理;2022年41例为观察组,在常规的气管切开术后护理基础上,基于Team STEPPS风险防控模式的护理措施。比较两组患者感染高风险事件发生率、医护合作情况、患者满意度。结果 观察组患者感染高风险事件发生率低于对照组,医护合作得分、患者满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于Team STEPPS风险防控模式的护理在气管切开患者感染防控中应用,降低了感染风险发生的事件、医护合作程度明显增强,患者的满意度提高显著,值得在临床推广应用。