Asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome: A diagnostic puzzle for the clinicians

Although asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) are distinct airway diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, in some cases distinguishing between them is puzzling. For example, chronic smoking leads asthmatic inflammation to a differentiated pattern resembling the COPD inflammation, and in some cases to fixed obstruction as in COPD, and on the other hand, few COPD patients may present with airway reversibility. ACOS is the condition sharing features encountered both in asthma and COPD. Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome(ACOS) represents a diagnostic challenge in the clinical practice, since there is lack of specific indicators to distinguish it from asthma or COPD, and moreover, genetic risk factors, underlying pathology and molecular pathways, clinical characteristics, therapeutic interventions, response to treatment and prognosis are poorly described. The management of ACOS is recommended to be individualized and should target on the maximum effectiveness with the least side effects. Combination therapy with ICS/LABA or LAMA, or newly developed specific anti-eosinophil therapies and treatments specifically targeting neutrophils might be of relevance in the management of ACOS, but studies are needed in order to assess the response and prognosis. Based on the current knowledge about ACOS thus far, it would be recommended that we approached chronic obstructive airway disease rather by describing than by classifying the disease; this would allow us to have a picture that better describes the disease and to implement an individualized therapeutic approach, according to the custom phenotype. Nevertheless, more studies are needed in order to clarify several important issues with regard to ACOS, such as the genetic risk factors for developing ACOS, the links between genotype and phenotype, the molecular pathways and underlying mechanisms of ACOS, the identification of possible specific biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted treatment, the optimal therapeutic interventions, and finally, the prognosis of ACOS.

Exploring the biological mechanism of qi deficiency syndrome with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)based on integrated pharmacology

Objective:To explore the potential biological mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)qi deficiency syndrome,we used the integrated pharmacology network computing platform and carried out experimental verification.Methods:Using an integrated pharmacology strategy to analyze the potential biological targets of COPD qi deficiency syndrome.Based on the established qi deficiency syndrome rat model of COPD,the biological targets of lung and skeletal muscle were detected by electron microscopy,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content assays,and western blotting.Results:According to the integrated pharmacological results,it was found that the locations of cell components related to COPD qi deficiency syndrome were mainly mitochondria.Electron microscopy results using lung tissue showed that mitochondria in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS group)and pulmonary instillation of LPS combined with cigarette smoke(LPStCS group)were swollen,deformed,and fragmented,with disappearing or broken crista.Results also showed that the total content of ATP in the lung and skeletal muscle of both groups was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 12th week(P<.05).At the 12th week,the expression of dynamin-related protein 1(DRP1)and mitofusin 1(MFN1)protein was significantly difference than that of the control group(P<.05).At the 10th and 14th weeks,changes in fission and fusion proteins in mitochondria of the lung and skeletal muscle were further detected.There was also a significant difference in the expression between the two groups compared to that in the control group at the 10th week and 14th week(P<.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the changes in mitochondrial morphology and ATP content and the unbalanced expression of DRP1 and MFN1 might be the key mechanisms underlying qi deficiency syndrome in rats with COPD.

Traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a complex respiratory disorder,characterized by chronic airflow limitation and an elevated inflammatory response of the airways.The people with COPD are more likely to develop comorbidities,with significant impacts on patients'quality of life,exacerbation frequency,and survival.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibits good therapeutic effects on improving the clinical symptoms,lung function and quality of life in patients with COPD.Herein,this article primarily summarized the key points of common syndromes,TCM nursing methods and healthy guidance of COPD,aiming at maintaining and developing the strengths of TCM,improving its efficacy and standardizing its behavior.

Endothelial function and T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea

Background:The coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is termed overlap syndrome (OS).COPD and OSA both have increased risks of developing cardiovascular diseases.This study aimed to explore if patients with OS exhibited a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications,and if patients with OS exhibited vascular endothelial dysfunction and abnormalities in the cellular immune function of T lymphocytes.Methods:Totally 25 patients with stable COPD (COPD group),25 patients with OSA (OSA group),25 patients with OS (OS group),and 20 healthy adults (control group) were enrolled between January 2017 and December 2017 from the Respiratory Department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital.The clinical characteristics of the four groups were collected and the expression levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and T-lymphocyte subsets were detected.One-way analysis of variance,x^2 test and Pearson correlation were used to manage the data.Results:The prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease was significantly higher in the OS group than in the control,OSA,and COPD groups (x^2 =20.69,P < 0.05 and x^2 =11.03,P < 0.05,respectively).The levels of sVCAM-1 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the OS group than in other groups (F =127.40,P < 0.05 and F =846.77,P < 0.05,respectively).The percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ were both significantly lower in the OS group than in any other group (F =25.40,P < 0.05 and F =75.08,P < 0.05,respectively).There were significantly negative correlations in the levels of sVCAM-1 and TNF-α with CD4^+/CD8^+ lymphocytes (r =-0.77,P < 0.05 and r =-0.83,P < 0.05,respectively).Conclusions:The prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease was higher in patients with OS than in patients with either OSA or COPD alone.Patients with OS exhibited more severe vascular endothelial injury,stronger inflammatory response,and lower cellular immune function.

Efficacy and safety of Qingfei Huatan formula in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A multi-centre,randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),a common respiratory disease,can be effectively treated by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Qingfei Huatan,a TCM formula,has been reported to effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms of COPD patients.However,there is a lack of multi-centre,randomised,double-blind,controlled clinical trials documenting the clinical efficacy and safety of this formula in the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD(AECOPD).Objective This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Qingfei Huatan formula in the treatment of AECOPD,thereby providing high-quality clinical evidence.Design,setting,participants and interventions A total of 276 patients with AECOPD were included in this multi-centre,randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial and were randomised into treatment and control groups at a ratio of 1:1.Patients in the treatment and control groups took Qingfei Huatan granules or simulated Qingfei Huatan granules twice a day,for 14 days,in addition to Western medicine treatment.All patients were followed up for 3 months.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was time taken to symptom stabilisation.The secondary outcomes included duration of antibiotic use,clinical symptom and sign score,TCM syndrome score,dyspnoea score,and quality of life(QOL)score.Meanwhile,the safety of the formula was assessed through routine urine and stool tests,electrocardiograms,liver and kidney function tests,and the observation of adverse events throughout the trial.Results The time taken for effective stabilisation(P<0.05)and obvious stabilisation(P<0.01),and the duration of antibiotic use(P<0.05)were significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group.On days 6,9,12 and 14 of treatment,clinical symptom and sign score decreased in both groups,particularly in the treatment group(P<0.01).On days 9,12 and 14 of treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of both groups were reduced(P<0.01),with more significant reductions in the treatment group.At 3 months after the end of treatment,the treatment group continued to have lower clinical symptom and sign score and TCM syndrome score than the control group(P<0.01).On days 6,9,12 and 14 of treatment,dyspnoea and QOL scores were markedly reduced in the two groups(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively),especially in the treatment group.At 3 months after the end of treatment,dyspnoea and QOL scores were lower in the treatment group than those in the control group(P<0.01).No serious adverse events were observed in either group.Conclusion The Qingfei Huatan formula can effectively shorten the duration of AECOPD and antibiotic use,significantly relieve clinical symptoms,and increase QOL for AECOPD patients,with a favourable safety profile.These results suggest that this formula can be used as a complementary treatment for AECOPD patients.

Clinical Observation of Qi Deficiency Syndrome in72 Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseTreated with Yiqi Mianyi Granule (益气免疫冲剂)

Seventy-two patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of Qi deficiency syn-drome with abnormal immune indices were treated with Yiqi Mianyi Granule (YQMYG) and the efficacy wascompared with that of 30 cases treated with Zhenqi fuzheng Granule (ZQFZG) for control. Results showedthat the markedly effective rate of symptomatic improvement ot Qi deficiency in YQMYG group was 65. 3%,the total effective rate 93. 1 % . 88. 6% of the immune indices lower than normal were corrected and 43. 7%ot them were normalized, while for indices that were higher than normal the rate were 78. 2 % and 52 . 9% re-spectively. These results suggested that YQMYG could improve symptom of Qi Deficiency markedly,strengthen cellutar immunity and regulate immune dysfunction. its therapeutic efficacy was obvfously superiorto ZQFZG ( P < 0 . 05 ).

Effects of TCM Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation on pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). [Methods] A total of 92 patients with AECOPD who came to Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2022 to February 2023 were selected for the study, and the intervention group (TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation, 46 cases) and the conventional group (basic nursing, 46 cases) were selected for the study, and the pulmonary function and quality of life of the two groups were compared. [Results] Before nursing, there was no significant difference in levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) between the intervention group and conventional group ( P >0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in the scores of health, emotion and social functions between the two groups ( P >0.05). At three months of nursing, the scores of health, emotion, and social functions in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The implementation of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation in patients with AECOPD can effectively improve the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients, and has significant clinical implementation value.

Expression of airway mucus-associated proteins in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a cold-dryness symptom pattern

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects on expression of airway mucus-associated proteins in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and a cold-dryness symptom pattern induced by elastase and smoking.METHODS: The COPD model was established with an elastase dose into the trachea combined with exposure to smoking; the COPD model cold-dryness symptom pattern was further developed by exposure to a cold, dry environment. After 90 days,pathologic lung sections, inflammatory cytokine levels(measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), m RNA and protein expression of mucus-associated proteins and aquaporins(measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blots) were examined.RESULTS: Cytokines interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the COPD and the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD groups were all significantly higher than in controls(each P < 0.01). IL-6 and IL-8 levels were higher in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group than in the COPD group(each P < 0.05). The AQP5 m RNA expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD and COPD groups was lower than in the control group(P < 0.01), and that in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was lower than the COPD group(P < 0.05). The expression of MUC5 AC and MUC5 B m RNAs in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group and COPD group was higher than in the control group(each P < 0.01), and that in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was higher than the COPD group(P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively).The ratio of MUC5 AC m RNA/MUC5 B m RNA was COPD group < the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group < the control group. AQP4 and AQP5 protein expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was lower than that in the COPD group which was lower again than in the control group. MUC5 AC and MUC5 B expression in the cold-dryness symptom pattern COPD group was higher than in the COPD group and higher again than in the control group.CONCLUSION: Cold-dryness affects the expression of mucus-associated protein m RNA and its corresponding proteins, reducing the secretion of aquaporins and increasing the secretion of mucins. Imbalance in aquaporins and mucins can affect the function of mucus, increasing airway obstruction.

血清MC-CP、CCL26、DcR3水平在COPD并发OSAS诊断中的临床价值

目的探究血清肥大细胞羧肽酶(MC-CP)、趋化因子26(CCL26)、诱饵受体3(DcR3)水平在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的COPD患者90例,其中单纯COPD患者48例即为COPD组,COPD合并OSAS患者42例即为COPD-OSAS组。同期选取在河北北方学院附属第一医院体检健康志愿者48例为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清MC-CP、CCL26、DcR3水平。受试者工作特征(ROC)和曲线下面积(AUC)分析血清MC-CP、CCL26、DcR3水平在COPD并发OSAS诊断中的临床价值。多因素Logistic回归分析COPD并发OSAS的影响因素。结果与对照组相比,COPD组和COPD-OSAS组患者吸烟指数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)水平依次显著升高,1秒钟用力呼气容积与用力肺活量的比(FEV1/FVC)依次显著降低(P<0.05);与对照组相比,COPD组和COPD-OSAS组患者MC-CP、CCL26、DcR3水平依次显著升高(P<0.05);血清MC-CP、CCL26、DcR33者联合对COPD并发OSAS诊断的AUC比单独诊断的更高(Z=4.066,P<0.001;Z=2.391,P<0.05;Z=2.353,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟指数、MC-CP、CCL26、DcR3水平是COPD并发OSAS的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论COPD并发OSAS患者血清中MC-CP、CCL26、DcR3表达水平升高,三者联合可提高对COPD并发OSAS的诊断价值。

单纯性支气管扩张症与支气管扩张症-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征患者的病原菌对比研究

背景我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)及支气管扩张症(简称支扩)患者数量庞大,均为高发病率、高病死率的慢性呼吸系统疾病。支气管扩张症-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(BCOS)作为一种特殊临床亚型虽常见但易被忽略。感染常是其急性恶化的诱因,但相关病原学研究相对匮乏。目的分析单纯性支气管扩张症(BE)与BCOS患者病原菌分布、耐药性特点,比较两者差异。为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法选取2016年1月—2023年1月在马鞍山市人民医院呼吸与危重医学科住院的支扩患者584例为研究对象,根据是否合并慢阻肺将患者分为两组:BE组(未合并慢阻肺,335例)和BCOS组(合并慢阻肺,249例)。回顾性分析患者病原菌构成、药敏结果及变迁,分析两组病原菌分布及耐药性差异。结果584例支扩患者共分离299株病原菌,BE组分离病原菌146株,其中革兰阴性菌87株(59.59%),革兰阳性菌3株(2.05%),分枝杆菌9株(6.16%),真菌47株(32.19%);BCOS组分离病原菌153株,其中革兰阴性菌80株(52.29%),革兰阳性菌1株(0.65%),分枝杆菌2株(1.31%),真菌70株(45.75%);BCOS组患者白色念珠菌构成比高于BE组(χ^(2)=5.274,P=0.022)。两组铜绿假单胞菌耐药率分别为:亚胺培南10.64%、25.53%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦6.98%、15.91%,环丙沙星12.77%、21.28%,阿米卡星2.13%、2.13%;两组肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率分别为:亚胺培南0、14.29%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦0、14.29%,环丙沙星15.38%、35.71%,阿米卡星0、7.14%;BCOS组铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林舒巴坦耐药率低于BE组(P=0.026)。BCOS组患者产超广谱β内酰胺酶肠杆菌科(χ^(2)=4.357,P=0.037)及耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌分离率均高于BE组(χ^(2)=5.593,P=0.018)。2016—2022年支扩患者分离铜绿假单胞菌株数均最高,呈先降后升趋势;分离肺炎克雷伯菌株数在2021、2022年明显升高,仅次于铜绿假单胞菌;2020—2022年分离分枝杆菌株数及2021—2022年分离曲霉菌株数均呈上升趋势。结论BCOS作为一种特殊表型,其病原菌分布、耐药性有其自身特点,值得关注。铜绿假单胞菌目前是BE及BCOS患者常见分离致病菌,近年来分离肺炎克雷伯菌株数仅次于铜绿假单胞菌。分离分枝杆菌、曲霉菌株数较前亦明显上升,应引起重视,尤其是BE患者。

布地奈德联合清金化痰汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期痰热壅肺证的效果

目的:探讨布地奈德联合清金化痰汤治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期痰热壅肺证的效果。方法:选择2022年1月-2023年12月于黑龙江省中医药科学院治疗的86例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期痰热壅肺证患者作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为对照组和试验组,各43例。对照组给予布地奈德治疗,试验组给予布地奈德联合清金化痰汤治疗,比较两组中医症状积分、气道重塑介质[基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1)]、转化生长因子-β_(1)(transforming growth factor-β_(1),TGF-β_(1))、肺功能[呼气峰流速(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV_(1))与用力呼气容积(forced vital capacity,FVC)比值(FEV_(1)/FVC)]、治疗效果及不良反应。结果:治疗后,两组各项症状积分、MMP-9、TIMP-1及TGF-β_(1)水平降低,且试验组较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组PEF、FEV_(1)/FVC升高,且试验组较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:布地奈德雾化吸入联合清金化痰汤口服治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期痰热壅肺证患者可抑制气道重塑,改善肺功能,减轻临床症状,且安全性高。

清气化痰汤加减治疗痰热壅肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病效果观察

目的观察痰热壅肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者实施清气化痰汤加减治疗的效果。方法选取2023年1—12月济南市中西医结合医院收治的65例痰热壅肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,根据治疗方法不同分为观察组(32例,西药联合中医清气化痰汤加减治疗)和对照组(32例,西药治疗),比较两组胸肺顺应性指标、气体交换参数等临床疗效指标。结果治疗后,观察组总顺应性、胸廓顺应性、肺顺应性、呼气峰值流速、平均有效压力、吸入最大空气量和动脉血氧分压高于对照组,动脉血二氧化碳分压和中医症候积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,观察组症状缓解时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用中西医结合(西药联合清气化痰汤加减)方案治疗痰热壅肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的效果十分显著,能提高患者的胸肺顺应性和气体交换参数,缓解患者的症状,且安全性较高。

基于IL-33/ST2信号通路探讨二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺病急性发作痰湿蕴肺证患者的疗效

【目的】基于白细胞介素33(IL-33)/可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(ST2)信号通路,探讨二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性发作期痰湿蕴肺证患者的疗效及其可能的作用机制。【方法】将2021年1月至2023年6月海口市中医医院收治的92例老年COPD急性发作期痰湿蕴肺证患者按随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各46例。对照组给予西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗,疗程为2周。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、肺功能指标、白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(Neut%)及血清IL-33、ST2、IL-6和IL-8水平的变化情况,评价2组患者的临床疗效及用药安全性。【结果】(1)疗效方面,治疗2周后,观察组的总有效率为86.96%(40/46),对照组为67.39%(31/46),组间比较(χ^(2)检验),观察组的疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)中医证候方面,治疗后,2组患者的气喘、胸闷、咳嗽、咳痰等各项中医证候积分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(3)肺功能方面,治疗后,2组患者的用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)等各项肺功能指标均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且观察组的改善幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(4)相关炎性指标方面,治疗后,2组患者的WBC、Neut%及血清IL-33、ST2、IL-6、IL-8水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组对WBC、Neut%及血清IL-33、IL-6及IL-8水平的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(5)安全性方面,观察组和对照组患者的不良反应总发生率均为8.70%(4/46),组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】二陈汤合三子养亲汤治疗老年COPD急性发作期痰湿蕴肺证患者的临床疗效显著,能有效改善患者中医证候、相关炎性指标及肺功能,其机制可能与降低患者血清IL-33水平,抑制IL-33/ST2信号通路,抑制相关炎症因子表达,从而抑制炎症反应,改善COPD患者的病情有关。

自拟清肺定喘贴联合宣白承气汤治疗哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征的效果及对肺功能、炎症因子的影响

目的探讨自拟清肺定喘贴联合宣白承气汤治疗哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome,ACOS)的效果及对肺功能、炎症因子的影响。方法选择2021年10月—2023年3月该院收治的116例ACOS患者纳入研究,通过随机数表法分为观察组、对照组,各58例。对照组使用噻托溴铵、布地奈德福莫特罗治疗,观察组在对照组基础上,联合自拟清肺定喘贴、宣白承气汤治疗,两组均持续治疗8周。比较两组治疗后临床疗效,治疗前后哮喘症状评分(asthma control test,ACT)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病症状评分(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test,CAT)、第1秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)、呼气峰值流速(peak expiratory flow rate,PEFR)及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平的变化及不良反应。结果观察组临床疗效总有效率为91.38%(53/58),高于对照组的75.86%(44/58),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组ACT评分为(20.61±1.95)分,明显高于对照组的(18.30±1.43)分,CAT评分为(15.02±2.31)分,明显低于对照组的(18.41±2.62)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR分别为(2.20±0.27)L、(61.21±5.28)%、(3.88±0.36)L/s,均高于对照组的(1.93±0.21)L、(57.33±5.26)%、(3.67±0.41)L/s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP分别为(31.70±5.42)ng/L、(22.05±3.29)ng/L、(9.75±1.60)mg/L,均低于对照组的(43.33±6.05)ng/L、(31.17±3.58)ng/L、(12.83±2.11)mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应总发生率分别为10.34%(6/58)、8.62%(5/58),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论自拟清肺定喘贴联合宣白承气汤治疗ACOS患者疗效明显,能有效改善肺功能、降低炎症因子的表达,值得临床推广。

基于NHANES数据库低氧重叠综合征与心血管病的关联性研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(Obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)及重叠综合征(overlap syndrome,OS)与心血管疾病的相关性。方法选取2005年~2008年美国国家健康和营养调查(National health and nutrition examination survey,NHANES)数据,共7716名参与者纳入本研究。按照是否存在OSA、COPD分为4组:无OSA及COPD组(n=3072)、单纯OSA组(n=4062)、单纯COPD组(n=180)、OS组(n=402)。本研究采用多因素logistic回归以探究OSA、COPD及OS与多种心血管疾病的关联。同时探究OSA、COPD和OS与年龄、性别、肥胖等心血管危险因素在心血管疾病中的关联性。结果相较于无OSA及COPD组,OS组心肌梗死(OR=2.85,95%CI=1.94~4.21)、充血性心力衰竭(OR=4.32,95%CI=2.73~6.84)、心绞痛(OR=3.07,95%CI=1.92~4.91)、卒中(OR=2.52,95%CI=1.61~3.97)、冠心病(OR=3.1,95%CI=2.22~4.31)及总体心血管疾病(OR=3.43,95%CI=2.54~4.63)的风险增加显著相关。单纯OSA症状人群中卒中发生率为无OSA及COPD组的1.46倍(OR=1.46,95%CI=1.07~1.99),充血性心力衰竭(OR=3.27,95%CI=1.77~6.07)、冠心病(OR=1.68,95%CI=1.03~2.73)和总体心血管疾病(OR=1.93,95%CI=1.25~3.00)的风险也显著升高。未观察到单纯OSA症状与心血管疾病的风险增加的相关性。OSA、COPD及重叠综合征与总体心血管疾病、冠心病和心肌梗死的关联在各亚组人群中稳定。结论OSA-COPD综合征与心肌梗死、充血性心力衰竭、心绞痛、卒中、冠心病及总体心血管疾病的发生风险增高存在显著相关性。监测及控制OSA-COPD重叠综合征对心血管疾病的预防有着重要意义。

糠酸氟替卡松/乌美溴铵/维兰特罗三联疗法与传统ICS/LAMA疗法对ACO患者的临床疗效差异分析

目的探讨糠酸氟替卡松/乌美溴铵/维兰特罗(FF/UMEC/VI)三联疗法对哮喘-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(ACO)患者的临床疗效及与吸入型糖皮质激素(ICS)/长效抗胆碱能拮抗剂(LAMA)联合疗法的差异性。方法纳入2019年6月至2022年6月呼吸与危重症医学科收治的90例ACO患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,各45例。对照组患者予以ICS/LAMA治疗,研究组患者予以FF/UMEC/VI三联疗法治疗,治疗12周后比较两组患者用药前后肺功能指标变化、症状改善情况及疗效评价。结果治疗前研究组与对照组患者基础临床资料及各项肺功能指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗12周后研究组患者各项肺功能指标及血气分析指标较治疗前均显著改善(P<0.05)。不同方案治疗12周后,研究组患者各项肺功能改善程度均高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。治疗12周后研究组患者症状改善指标及治疗有效率均高于对照组患者(P<0.05)。结论FF/UMEC/VI三联疗法对于ACO患者具有显著治疗效果,能够改善患者肺功能,缓解患者临床症状,具有较为广阔的应用前景。

持续气道正压通气依从性对慢阻肺-阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停重叠综合征患者肺功能和急性加重的影响

目的观察持续气道正压通气(CPAP)依从性对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)重叠综合征(OS)患者肺功能和急性加重的影响。方法选取2021年2月至2023年2月的OS患者80例,向其宣教良好遵守CPAP和日常正确使用装置的说明,≥70%的夜晚平均每晚使用CPAP≥4h者40例定义为依从性良好,纳入观察组,其余40例纳入对照组。比较两组治疗前后肺功能、血气参数、慢阻肺相关症状和急性加重情况。结果中位CPAP治疗时间观察组为5.5(4.6,6.7)h/夜,对照组为0.6(0,3.3)h/夜。治疗后观察组PaO 2、FEV 1预测值%、FVC预测值%、TLC预测值%、6MWT均高于治疗前及对照组治疗后,PaCO 2和HCO-3、RV/TLC、CAT和mMRC均低于治疗前及对照组治疗后。观察组治疗后12个月内急性加重和加重入院次数较前降低,且低于对照组治疗后。CPAP使用时间与慢阻肺加重次数呈负相关(r=-0.259,P=0.047)。CPAP依从性差的患者比依从性好的患者更易发生慢阻肺急性加重(β=0.362,95%CI:0.075~0.649,P=0.015)。结论CPAP依从性好的OS患者治疗期间慢阻肺急性加重次数较前减少,肺功能和慢阻肺相关症状有所改善。

黏蛋白1与呼吸系统疾病关系的研究进展

慢性黏液高分泌导致的气道炎症可能会逐渐进展并影响患者的肺功能。黏液蛋白是黏液层的关键成分,其中黏蛋白1是一种重要的膜结合型黏蛋白,目前的研究聚焦于评估黏蛋白1在肺纤维化、肺癌和间质性肺疾病等肺部疾病中的临床应用,尤其是作为诊断、预测进展和评估治疗效果的生物标志物。因此,深入了解黏蛋白1在肺部疾病中的生物学机制和作用方式,特别是与疾病发展和进展的关联,探索黏蛋白1在肺部疾病早期诊断和预后评估中的预测价值,将为肺部疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的理论依据。

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作证型诊断模型研究

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作(AECOPD)外寒内饮证、痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证与临床表现、化验检查的相关性,构建判别诊断模型,辅助其客观化辨证。方法回顾性分析2017年11月—2019年12月北京老年医院呼吸科收治的110例老年AECOPD外寒内饮证、痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证患者临床资料,并前瞻性纳入2020年12月入组的68例老年AECOPD以上3种证型患者进行分析。以单因素组间比较和Logistic LR回归法对临床表现、理化数据与证型间的相关性进行分析,并采用Fisher判别法对筛选出的相关指标进行逐步判别分析,构建老年AECOPD患者外寒内饮证、痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证的证型诊断判别模型。前瞻性分析新入组患者证型,并将相应指标结果代入证型诊断判别模型,比较两者一致性,以进一步验证其准确性。结果根据110例AECOPD患者的临床资料、理化指标以及Logistic结果,筛选了6个变量[发热、湿啰音、下肢水肿、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、改良呼吸困难指数(mMRC)]进行判别分析,建立老年AECOPD患者外寒内饮证、痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证的判别函数,通过回代变量法检验模型判别准确率达87.5%。将新入组的68例AECOPD患者相应指标结果代入判别函数,发现准确率达88.8%。结论发热、湿啰音、下肢水肿、WBC、CRP、mMRC是外寒内饮证、痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证3个证型判别较为关键的指标变量,基于关键变量建立的3个判别函数模型准确性较高,对该病的辨证分型有一定参考及指导意义。

基于态靶辨治理论诊疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病

慢性阻塞性肺疾病是常见的呼吸系统气道慢性病,严重影响患者的生活质量。传统的中医辨证论治体系存在对疾病的发生发展规律认识不足,对检查化验指标改善欠佳的问题。仝小林院士经过多年的临床实践,提出“态靶辨治”的现代中医诊疗体系,并将其用于慢性疾病临床诊疗过程中。基于此,以“态靶辨治”理论为指导,结合临床经验与现代药理学研究成果,将慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病过程分为“痰、阻、瘀、衰”四态(四期),每态下进行分证,并结合治疗靶点,确定各阶段相应的靶方靶药,构建慢性阻塞性肺疾病的态靶辨治体系,为提高该病的中医治疗效果提供新的路径。