Anti-inflammatory and DNA Repair Effects of Astragaloside IV on PC12 Cells Damaged by Lipopolysaccharide

Objective This study aimed to establish a neural cell injury model in vitro by stimulating PC12 cells with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and to examine the effects of astragaloside IV on key targets using high-throughput sequence technology and bioinformatics analyses.Methods PC12 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were treated with LPS at final concentrations of 0.25,0.5,0.75,1,and 1.25 mg/mL for 24 h.Cell morphology was evaluated,and cell survival rates were calculated.A neurocyte inflammatory model was established with LPS treatment,which reached a 50%cell survival rate.PC12 cells were treated with 0.01,0.1,1,10,or 100µmol/L astragaloside IV for 24 h.The concentration of astragaloside IV that did not affect the cell survival rate was selected as the treatment group for subsequent experiments.NOS activity was detected by colorimetry;the expression levels of ERCC2,XRCC4,XRCC2,TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4,NOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the groups were screened using a second-generation sequence(fold change>2,P<0.05)with the following KEGG enrichment analysis,RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of DEGs related to the IL-17 pathway in different groups of PC12 cells.Results The viability of PC12 cells was not altered by treatment with 0.01,0.1,or 1µmol/L astragaloside IV for 24 h(P>0.05).However,after treatment with 0.5,0.75,1,or 1.25 mg/mL LPS for 24 h,the viability steadily decreased(P<0.01).The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERCC2,XRCC4,XRCC2,TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4,NOS,and COX-2 were significantly increased after PC12 cells were treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h(P<0.01);however,these changes were reversed when PC12 cells were pretreated with 0.01,0.1,or 1µmol/L astragaloside IV in PC12 cells and then treated with 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h(P<0.05).Second-generation sequencing revealed that 1026 genes were upregulated,while 1287 genes were downregulated.The DEGs were associated with autophagy,TNF-α,interleukin-17,MAPK,P53,Toll-like receptor,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways.Furthermore,PC12 cells treated with a 1 mg/mL LPS for 24 h exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of CCL2,CCL11,CCL7,MMP3,and MMP10,which are associated with the IL-17 pathway.RT-qPCR and Western blotting analyses confirmed that the DEGs listed above corresponded to the sequence assay results.Conclusion LPS can damage PC12 cells and cause inflammatory reactions in nerve cells and DNA damage.astragaloside IV plays an anti-inflammatory and DNA damage protective role and inhibits the IL-17 signaling pathway to exert a neuroprotective effect in vitro.

Astragaloside Ⅳ Protects Against Aβ1-42-induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective action of astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ) on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by amyloid-beta 1-42(Aβ1-42) in rats and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods Adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats(230-250 g) were divided into six groups randomly: control, Aβ1-42, AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 5 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 25 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, and Aβ1-42 plus 50 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ groups. Aβ1-42 were delivered by intracerebroventricular injection under the guidance of a brain stereotaxic apparatus. The Morris water maze test(hidden platform test, probe trials, visible platform test) was performed one week after Aβ1-42 injection to obtain the ability of rat spatial learning and memory. AS-Ⅳ(5, 25 and 50 mg/kg·d) was administrated intraperitoneally once per day from the 8 th day after Aβ1-42 injection for 5 consecutive days. Average escape latencies, distances for searching for the platform under water and the percentage of total time elapsed and distance swam in the right quadrant after removing platform were determined by behavior softwaresystem. The vision and swim speeds of rats were also determined to exclude the effect of these factors on the parameters of learning and memory. After behavioral tests, the rats were sacrificed immediately by decapitation. Hippocampus were collected. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) and catalase(CAT) in the hippocampus obtained from different-treated rat brain were measured by following the manufacturer’s instructions. The levels of interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) in tissue lysates were assayed with ELISA.Results The water maze test results indicated that chronic treatments with AS-Ⅳ effectively protected the rats from Aβ1-42-induced spatial learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, GSH-px and CAT decreased by Aβ1-42 were also restored by AS-Ⅳ treatment in the hippocampus of rats. In addition, AS-Ⅳ significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-induced amnesia’s rats. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AS-Ⅳ might be a useful chemical in improving the spatial memory and relieving the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer patients.

Determination of Astragaloside IV in Yupingfeng Oral Solution by HPLC-ELSD Method

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a method for determining the content of Astragaloside IV in Yupingfeng oral solution.[Method] The HPLC-ELSD method was adopted.The chromatographic column was Venusil MP（4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm）.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water（35∶65）.The ELSD evaporator tube temperature was 65 ℃.N2 was used as the carrier gas（pressure,30 psi）.[Result] When the content of Astragaloside IV ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 μg,the Astragaloside IV content showed a good linear relationship with peak area（r=0.999,n=6）.The average recovery was 96.36%,and the RSD was 2.46%.[Conclusion] This method is accurate and reliable,and can be applied in the quality control of Yupingfeng oral solution.

Astragaloside 对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠的防治作用研究

目的:探讨Astragaloside对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠的保护作用及机制。方法:采用髓鞘MOG 35-55诱导C57BL/6雌性小鼠建立EAE模型,随机分为EAE对照组、Astragaloside高、低剂量组。造模的第3天起,采用腹腔注射给药,持续25 d。EAE对照组给予PBS;Astragaloside高、低剂量组分别给予Astragaloside溶液30 mg/(kg·d),15 mg/(kg·d);各组小鼠给药0.2 ml/(次·只),每天记录小鼠症状、体征、体重变化和临床评分。HE染色检测脊髓炎细胞浸润。ELISA法检测外周血中IL-1β、IL-17、TNF-α、IL-10的表达量。Western blot法检测脊髓组织中ROCKⅡ、P-MYPT1、p-NF-κB/p65的表达变化。结果:与EAE对照组比较,Astragaloside高、低剂量组均可明显降低平均最高临床评分,减轻EAE临床症状(P<0.01,P<0.05),高剂量组治疗效果优于低剂量组;Astragaloside可抑制中枢神经系统炎症细胞浸润,显著降低血清中IL-1β、IL-17的表达(P<0.05,P<0.001),增加血清IL-10水平(P<0.05),明显抑制ROCKⅡ、P-MYPT1、p-NF-κB/p65的表达(P<0.05)。结论:Astragaloside可通过抑制Rock通路和调节细胞因子的表达改善EAE的临床症状。

张守琳运用“温阳解毒通络”法治疗糖尿病肾脏病(Ⅳ-Ⅴ期)经验探析

糖尿病肾脏病属中医学的“肾消(消肾)”“下消”“水肿”等范畴,目前已成为终末期肾病的主要原因。张守琳教授认为“阳虚毒瘀肾络”是糖尿病肾脏病(Ⅳ-Ⅴ期)的基本病机,阳气受损为发病之本,毒瘀肾络是发病的关键环节,并确立了“温阳解毒通络”的治疗原则,有效延缓了肾功能损伤的进展和进入透析的进程。

一个遗传性凝血因子Ⅴ缺陷症家系的临床表型及分子致病机制研究

目的:探讨一个遗传性凝血因子Ⅴ缺陷症(coagulation factor V deficiency,FⅤD)家系的临床表型及分子致病机制。方法:采用一期法测定凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ、Ⅺ、Ⅻ(FⅡ∶C、FⅤ∶C、FⅦ∶C、FⅧ∶C、FⅨ∶C、FⅩ∶C、FⅪ∶C、FⅫ∶C)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)及凝血酶原时间(prothrombin time,PT)进行表型鉴定;应用高通量外显子测序筛查全基因变异,Sanger测序验证F5基因可疑变异;利用Mutation-Taster、PolyPhen-2生物信息学软件预测变异致病性、ClustalX软件分析氨基酸保守性和PyMol软件模拟变异蛋白模型。结果:先证者PT、APTT明显延长,FⅤ∶C仅为5.45%,TT、FIB及其余凝血因子均无明显异常。其母亲、父亲、姐姐的PT、APTT均延长,FⅤ∶C不同程度减低。基因检测显示先证者F5第3号外显子存在c.286G>C(p.Asp96His)纯合错义变异,其父亲、母亲、姐姐均存在c.286G>C(p.Asp96His)杂合错义变异。生物信息学分析提示p.Asp96His为致病变异,相关的氨基酸位点在10个物种中高度保守。蛋白模拟显示,Asp96变异为His96后可导致原有氢键消失和距离改变,破坏了原有的氢键相互作用力,影响蛋白结构的稳定性。结论:F5第3号外显子c.286G>C(p.Asp96His)错义变异可能导致了先证者及家系成员FⅤ∶C的减低,也是引起凝血因子Ⅴ缺陷症的遗传学病因。

老年Ⅳ~Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术中血压管理策略对预后的影响

目的:探究介入栓塞术中不同血压管理策略对老年Ⅳ~Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤患者的预后影响。方法:回顾性选取我院收治的老年Ⅳ~Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤患者110例,并纳入训练集。使用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(55例)和对照组(55例),比较训练集两组患者的临床资料;使用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存曲线的绘制,比较不同血压管理策略患者的2年预后不良发生率;Cox单因素和多因素回归分析患者术后预后不良的影响因素;构建预测患者术后预后不良的列线图模型;通过验证集患者以受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)和校准曲线对模型效能进行评价。依据模型预测个体风险评分,构建危险分层系统。结果:观察组患者的2年预后不良发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);高血压、手术时机为中期和晚期、平均动脉压≥65 mmHg、血压波动幅度≥16 mmHg、瘤体长径与瘤颈宽度的比值(AR)>2.0是老年Ⅳ~Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤患者介入栓塞术预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05),术中血压管理策略为控制性降压是老年Ⅳ~Ⅴ级颅内动脉瘤患者介入栓塞术预后不良的保护因素(P<0.05);列线图预测模型有较好的区分度及准确度。危险分层系统将所有患者分为4个危险分组:极低风险组(总分<30分)、低风险组(30分≤总分<78分)、中风险组(78分≤总分<106分)和高风险组(总分≥106分)。该危险分层系统能区分不同术中血压管理策略患者的预后不良发生情况(P<0.05)。结论:在手术过程中应实施瑞芬太尼联合尼莫地平控制性降压的血压管理策略,可以提高患者的预后水平。

盐城坳陷带典型区域新近系盐城组第Ⅴ承压含水层特征方法研究

盐城市区地处苏北盐城坳陷带,境内的新近系盐城组孔隙含水层深达1000~1300m。前人对400m以下的第Ⅴ承压含水层划分、研究较为粗略。通过岩芯分析、物探、野外调查、水化学分析、数值模拟等多种方法的综合运用,重新划定了第Ⅴ承压含水层的赋存边界,深入研究了区域该含水层的赋存特征,同时计算了其可持续利用资源量。研究成果可为盐城坳陷带其他区域该含水层的研究提供科学的借鉴。

高效液相色谱串联电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定祛痱粉和爽身粉中As(Ⅲ)与As(Ⅴ)

为更科学地评价化妆品中含有的砷对人群的健康影响,建立了祛痱粉和爽身粉中三价砷As(Ⅲ)和五价砷As(Ⅴ)的高效液相色谱串联电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)检测法,并用该方法检测市售祛痱粉和爽身粉中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的含量。样品采用热浸提的提取方式,经HAMILTON PRP-X100色谱柱(250 mm×4.1 mm,10μm)分离,以添加2%甲醇的150 mmol/L碳酸铵溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱,用ICP-MS进行检测。在1.0~50.0 ng/mL的浓度范围内,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)均呈较好的线性关系,相关系数r≥0.999。As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的方法检出限(3S/N)分别为0.001 5 mg/kg和0.001 mg/kg,两种形态的平均加标回收率分别为90.2%~95.9%、103%~108%;RSD分别为2.1%~4.6%、2.7%~5.2%。方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,适用于大批量祛痱粉和爽身粉中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的检测分析。在采集并检测的包含20个品牌共34份样品中,检出率为67.6%,检出样品中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的含量分别为0.006~0.015 mg/kg、0.006~0.105 mg/kg,平均值分别为0.010 mg/kg、0.023 mg/kg,检出结果均未超出我国《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)对总砷的限值2 mg/kg,但As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的检出率较高,应当引起重视并进一步制定相关标准。

Astragaloside Ⅳ inhibits pathological functions of gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts

AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of astragaloside IV on the pathological functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts,and to explore the underlying mechanism.METHODS Paired gastric normal fibroblast(GNF) and gastric cancer-associated fibroblast(GCAF) cultures were established from resected tissues. GCAFs were treated with vehicle control or different concentrations of astragaloside Ⅳ. Conditioned media were prepared from GNFs,GCAFs,control-treated GCAFs,and astragaloside Ⅳ-treated GCAFs,and used to culture BGC-823 human gastric cancer cells. Proliferation,migration and invasion capacities of BGC-823 cells were determined by MTT,wound healing,and Transwell invasion assays,respectively. The action mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ was investigated by detecting the expression of micro RNAs and the expression and secretion of the oncogenic factor,macrophage colonystimulating factor(M-CSF),and the tumor suppressive factor,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2(TIMP2),in different groups of GCAFs. The expression of the oncogenic pluripotency factors SOX2 and NANOG in BGC-823 cells cultured with different conditioned media was also examined.RESULTS GCAFs displayed higher capacities to induce BGC-823 cell proliferation,migration,and invasion than GNFs(P < 0.01). Astragaloside Ⅳ treatment strongly inhibited the proliferation-,migration-and invasion-promoting capacities of GCAFs(P < 0.05 for 10 μmol/L,P < 0.01 for 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L). Compared with GNFs,GCAFs expressed a lower level of micro RNA-214(P < 0.01) and a higher level of micro RNA-301 a(P < 0.01). Astragaloside Ⅳ treatment significantly upregulated micro RNA-214 expression(P < 0.01) and down-regulated micro RNA-301 a expression(P < 0.01) in GCAFs. Reestablishing the micro RNA expression balance subsequently suppressed M-CSF production(P < 0.01) and secretion(P < 0.05),and elevated TIMP2 production(P < 0.01) and secretion(P < 0.05). Consequently,the ability of GCAFs to increase SOX2 and NANOG expression in BGC-823 cells was abolished by astragaloside Ⅳ.CONCLUSION Astragaloside Ⅳ can inhibit the pathological functions of GCAFs by correcting their dysregulation of micro RNA expression,and it is promisingly a potent therapeutic agent regulating tumor microenvironment.

典型峡谷Ⅴ型地貌下桥址区风特性

为得到山区峡谷典型Ⅴ型地形下的桥梁抗风设计的关键风特性参数,通过“数值风洞试验”建立模型,以实桥为工程背景构建三维地形网格,基于3种典型湍流模型和流体壁面粗糙度对桥位的风场特性进行分析,选取最优湍流模型和流体壁面粗糙度对该地形桥位处的风场特性进行分析;围绕两个影响桥址区风特性的地形参数(山体高度和夹角),阐明Ⅴ型峡谷地形下风特性参数的变化规律,并与现行规范进行对比,推算桥面设计基准风速。结果表明:该Ⅴ型峡谷地形的最佳湍流模型和流体壁面粗糙度分别为RNG k-ε和20 m;随着山体高度及山体夹角两参数的变化,风速增加幅度分别为2.37%~12.56%和1.24%~6.98%;山体高度及山体夹角两变参数下,梯度风高度分别为700 m和800 m左右;实际湍流强度大于规范中四类地表规范值,在离地高度40 m范围内,湍流强度更接近于D类地表。实际Ⅴ型峡谷桥址区不能简单按规范归为C类或D类地形,在设计风参数计算时应综合考虑规范和经验公式,还可借助模拟手段来提高其准确性。

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of ferulic acidpuerarin-astragaloside in combination with neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of the active ingredients combined therapy on inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)based on pharmacodynamics in rats.Methods:The animal model was built by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).The method for evaluating the concentrations of the FA-Pr-AI components in rat plasma was established by using HPLC and the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY were determined by ELISA.A new mathematics method of the trend of percentage rate of change(PRC)was used to assess the correlation between pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD).Results:FA-Pr-Al in combination reduced neurological deficits,decreased infarct volume and inhibited the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY(all P<0.05)compared with the model group.FA,Pr and Al all displayed two compartment open models in rats.Clockwise hysteresis loops were obtained by time-concentration-effect curves.IL-1βand NPY level changes in the plasma followed an opposite trend to the plasma concentration tendency after C_(max)was reached.Astragaloside's PRC value was significantly higher than those of FA and puerarin between 120 to 180 min.Conclusions:The pharmacokinetics of FA-PrAl in combination were closely related its pharmacodynamics in treating ischemia/reperfusion injury,and the components of FA-Pr-Al may have a synergistic pharmacological effect.Astragaloside may play a more pronounced role in regulating IL-1βand NPY levels compared with puerarin or FA.

The mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ promoting sciatic nerve regeneration

3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-cycloastragenol （astragaloside IV）, the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine astragalus membranaceus, has been shown to be neuroprotective. This study investigated whether astragaloside IV could promote the repair of injured sciatic nerve. Denervated sciatic nerve of mice was subjected to anastomosis. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg astragaloside IV per day for 8 consecutive days Western blot assay and real-time PCR results demonstrated that growth-associated protein-43 ex- pression was upregulated in mouse spinal cord segments L4-6 after intervention with 10, 5, 2.5 mg/kg astragaloside IV per day in a dose-dependent manner. Luxol fast blue staining and elec- trophysiological detection suggested that astragaloside IV elevated the number and diameter of myelinated nerve fibers, and simultaneously increased motor nerve conduction velocity and action potential amplitude in the sciatic nerve of mice. These results indicated that astragaloside IV con- tributed to sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery in mice. The mechanism underlying this effect may be associated with the upregulation of growth-associated protein-43 expression.

Review of the pharmacological effects of astragalosideⅣand its autophagic mechanism in association with inflammation

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge,known as Huangqi,has been used to treat various diseases for a long time.AstragalosideⅣ(AS-Ⅳ)is one of the primary active ingredients of the aqueous Huangqi extract.Many experimental models have shown that AS-Ⅳexerts broad beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease,nervous system diseases,lung disease,diabetes,organ injury,kidney disease,and gynaecological diseases.This review demonstrates and summarizes the structure,solubility,pharmacokinetics,toxicity,pharmacological effects,and autophagic mechanism of AS-Ⅳ.The autophagic effects are associated with multiple signalling pathways in experimental models,including the PI3KI/Akt/m TOR,PI3KⅢ/Beclin-1/Bcl-2,PI3K/Akt,AMPK/m TOR,PI3K/Akt/m TOR,SIRT1–NF-κB,PI3K/AKT/AS160,and TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways.Based on this evidence,AS-Ⅳcould be used as a replacement therapy for treating the multiple diseases referenced above.

Content Determination of Astragaloside Ⅳ in Astragalus from Three Different Regions by HPLC

[Objectives] The content of astragaloside in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.) Hisao from three different regions was determined.[Methods] Referring to the method recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition),the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus was determined by HPLC.[Results] There were great differences in the astragaloside IV content of A.membranaceus among different regions.The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Inner Mongolia was highest(0.155%),followed by that(0.143%) in A.membranaceus cultivated in Gansu,and the content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in Shanxi was lowest(0.080%).The contents of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus from different regions were all in line with the standard(not less than 0.040%) of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition).[Conclusions]The content of astragaloside IV in A.membranaceus cultivated in three different regions met the medicinal standards.

Effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on lipid and glucose metabolism in acute myocardial infarction through PPARγ pathway

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of astragaloside IV(which can be extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus)on lipid and glucose metabolism in acute myocardial infarction(AMI).METHODS Model of heart failure(HF)after AMI was established with ligation of left anterior descending artery on Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.The rats were divided into three groups:sham,model and astragaloside IV treatment group.Twenty-eight days after treatment(astragaloside IV,20 mg·kg-1 daily),hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was applied to visualize cardiomyocyte morphological changes.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was performed to assess the contents of adenosine phosphates in heart.Positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PET-CT)was conducted to evaluate the cardiac glucose metabolism.Expressions of key molecules such as peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ(PPARγ),sterol carrier protein 2(SCP2)and long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase(ACADL)were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion(OGD/R)-induced H9C2 injury cardiomyocyte model was adopted for potential mechanism research in vitro.RESULTS Treatment with astragaloside Ⅳ rescued hearts from structural and functional damages as well as inflammatory infiltration.Levels of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and energy charge(EC)in astragaloside IV group were also up-regulated compared to model group.Further results demonstrated that critical enzymes both in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism compro mised in model group compared to sham group.Intriguingly,astragalosideⅣcould up-regulate critical enzymes including ACADL and SCP2 in lipid metabolism accompanying with promoting effect on molecules in glycolysis simultaneously.Results on upstreaming signaling pathway demonstrated that astragaloside Ⅳ could dramatically increase the expres sions of PPARγ.In vitro study suggested the efficacy of astragalosideⅣcould be blocked by T0070907,a selective PPARγ inhibitor.CONCLUSION Astragaloside IV has cardioprotective effect in improving cardiac function and energy metabolism through regulating lipid and glucose metabolism.The effects may be mediated by PPARγ pathway.

基于恒电容表面络合模型预测土壤中As(Ⅴ)吸附行为研究

吸附是控制As在土壤中迁移的重要过程之一,为了预测As(Ⅴ)在土壤中的吸附过程,使用恒电容表面络合模型(CCM)模拟As(Ⅴ)在土壤中的吸附行为,获取As(Ⅴ)在土壤上吸附的表面络合常数,建立土壤基本理化性质(pH、有机质、碳酸钙、无定形铁/铝/锰、总铁)与As(Ⅴ)表面络合参数的线性回归模型,以阐明As在土壤中吸附的主控因子。结果显示,As(Ⅴ)在不同类型的土壤中表现出不同的吸附特征,恒电容模型能够很好地模拟As(Ⅴ)在不同pH下的吸附特性(R^(2)为0.71~0.96),通过CCM模型拟合得到As(Ⅴ)在土壤表面的3个表面络合常数,绝大部分土壤lg K_(1)比lg K_(2)和lg K_(3)的值要大,说明As(Ⅴ)在土壤中的吸附相较于单齿络合物更偏向于形成双齿双核的络合物。As(Ⅴ)表面络合常数与土壤性质间的回归分析结果表明,As(Ⅴ)表面络合常数主要受土壤pH和无定形铁、无定形锰含量的影响。为了进一步验证上述线性模型的普适性,利用文献数据中土壤性质数据预测不同土壤上As(Ⅴ)的表面络合常数,并结合CCM模型预测了As(Ⅴ)在文献土壤中的吸附量,预测值和实测值具有很好的相关性,说明该模型具有一定的普适性。

Influence of astragaloside on gastric mucosa of stress ulcer rats

Objective To investigate the effect of astragaloside(AST)on the gastric mucosal injury of water immersion restraint stress ulcer rat.Methods The stress ulcer model was made by water immersion and restraint.The gastric mucosal injury index was observed.The SOD activity,the MDA contents and the gene expression of melatonin receptor 1 and 2 were detected in gastric mucosa.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group showed mucous edema,hyperemia and even ulcer damage.The injury index and the MDA content of gastric mucosa in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05),the SOD activity of gastric obviously depressed(P<0.01),and the melatonin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA expressions of damaged gastric mucosa were also lower.After administration of AST,the gastric mucosal ulcer index and MDA contents relieved obviously(P<0.01,P<0.05),the SOD activity and the expressions of melatonin receptor 1 and 2 mRNA raised up(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusions AST could prevent the gastric mucosal damage of rat in stress ulcer.And the mechanism of the gastric mucosal protection should be concerned with regulating the melatonin receptor and lessening the injury of oxygen free radical.

铁矿物协同Shewanella oneidensis MR-1介导的钒(V(Ⅴ))还原及其作用机制

矿物协同微生物可以将高毒性的V(Ⅴ)还原为毒性及流动性较低的V(Ⅳ),从而达到治理钒污染的目的.以希瓦氏菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-1为试验菌株,采用黄铁矿、菱铁矿、马基诺矿3种铁矿物作为受试矿物,考察铁矿物协同微生物对V(Ⅴ)的还原特性,探讨影响V(Ⅴ)还原的因素,并研究马基诺矿协同S.oneidensis MR-1还原V(Ⅴ)对胞内酶活性、胞外聚合物(EPS)及电子传递的影响,解析铁矿物协同微生物介导的V(Ⅴ)还原机制.结果表明,3种铁矿物均能促进S.oneidensis MR-1对V(Ⅴ)的还原,其中马基诺矿的效果最佳,V(Ⅴ)还原率由对照组的80.84%提高到95.54%.马基诺矿协同S.oneidensis MR-1还原V(Ⅴ)的还原率与初始V(Ⅴ)浓度及pH值成反比,与矿物添加量及接菌量成正比.添加马基诺矿后,胞内的硝酸盐还原酶(NAR)、亚硝酸盐还原酶(NIR)、还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)及ATP水平均有不同程度的提高,EPS中蛋白质、多糖和核酸的含量增加,电子传递能力增强,从而促进V(Ⅴ)生物还原.扫描电镜-能量散射X射线谱(SEM-EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)显示,马基诺矿促进S.oneidensis MR-1将V(Ⅴ)还原为不溶性V(Ⅳ),形成沉淀聚集在菌体周围.

Astragaloside IV Ameliorates Inflammatory Damage in Mice with Acute Liver Failure

Acute liver failure is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with a high mortality rate. Currently, the research on Astragaloside IV in liver diseases primarily focuses on liver cancer, and there is limited understanding of its mechanism in acute liver failure’s innate immunity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential protective effect of Astragaloside IV on acute liver failure and its impact on innate immune cells. The study employed D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver failure mouse models and employed various techniques such as a range of molecular and analytical techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that treatment with Astragaloside IV significantly reduced the inflammatory response, alleviated liver injury, and improved the survival rate of mice with acute liver failure induced by D-GalN/LPS. Further investigations revealed that AS-IV played a beneficial role by regulating the proportion of CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory metabolites. These findings suggest that the pharmacological mechanism of AS-IV may involve targeted regulation of CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes in both peripheral blood and liver. The implications of this study’s results are twofold. Firstly, they provide a basis for the clinical application of AS-IV in treating liver failure, offering potential therapeutic benefits. Secondly, they serve as a reference for further development of safer and more effective modified compounds.