Asymmetric Effects on Escape Rates of Bistable System

The asymmetric effects on the escape rates from the stable states x±in the bistable system are analyzed. The results indicate that the multiplicative noise and the additive noise always enhance the particle escape from stable states x±of bistable.However,the asymmetric parameter r enhances the particle escape from stable state x_+,and holds back the particle escape from stable state x_-.

Do the RMB exchange rate and global commodity prices have asymmetric or symmetric effects on China’s stock prices?

With the rapid expansion of the RMB exchange rate’s floating range,the effects of the RMB exchange rate and global commodity price changes on China’s stock prices are likely to increase.This study uses both auto regressive distributed lag(ARDL)and nonlinear ARDL(NARDL)approaches to explore the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the RMB exchange rate and global commodity prices on China’s stock prices.Our findings show that without considering the critical variable of global commodity prices,there is no cointegration relationship between the RMB exchange rate and China’s stock prices,and the coefficient of the RMB exchange rate is not statistically significant.However,when we introduce global commodity prices into the NARDL model,the result shows that the RMB exchange rate has a negative effect on China’s stock prices,that there indeed exists a long-run cointegration relationship among the RMB exchange rate,global commodity prices,and stock prices in the NARDL model,and that global commodity price changes have an asymmetric effect on China’s stock prices in the long run.Specifically,China’s stock prices are more sensitive to increases than decreases in global commodity prices.Thus,increases in global commodity prices cause China’s stock prices to decline sharply.In contrast,the same magnitude of decline in global commodity prices induces a smaller increase in China’s stock prices.

The Effect of the Interaction among Multi-Scale Systems and the Asymmetric an

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Quantifying the Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Impact of the Recent Crude Oil Price Fluctuations

This study analyzed the potential impact of the increased oil volatility on the industries and the global economy. Specifically, it separated the oil price fluctuations into positive and negative components, and modeled the return of industry portfolios with them. Next, the sensitivity of the airline industry to oil price was investigated to gauge the effectiveness of their hedging strategies, with the hope that the methodology can be extended to other industries. In addition, this paper explored the macroeconomic impact of oil price movements by examining the benchmarks such as GDP and CPI.

Return threshold model analysis of two stock markets： Evidence study of Italy and Germany＇s stock returns

This paper discusses the model construction and the association between the Italy and the Germany＇s stock markets. The period of study data is from January 3, 2000 to June 30, 2008. This paper also utilizes Student＇s t distribution to analyze the proposed model. The empirical results show that the two stock markets are mutually affected each other, and the dynamic conditional correlation （DCC） and the bivariate asymmetric-GARCH （1, 2） model is appropriate in evaluating the relation between them. The empirical result also indicates that Italy and Germany＇s stock markets show a positive relationship. The average value of correlation coefficient equals to 0.8424, which implies that the two stock markets return volatility have a synchronized influence on each other. In addition, the empirical result also shows that there is an asymmetrical effect between Italy and the Germany＇s stock markets, and demonstrates that the good news and bad news of the stock returns＇ volatility will produce the different variation risks for Italy and the Germany＇s stock price markets.

Asymmetric dynamic phase holographic grating in nematic liquid crystal

A new scheme for recording a dynamic phase grating with an asymmetric profile in C60-doped homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal（NLC） was presented.An oblique incidence beam was used to record the thin asymmetric dynamic phase holographic grating.The diffraction efficiency we achieved is more than 40%,exceeding the theoretical limit for symmetric profile gratings.Both facts can be explained by assuming that a grating with an asymmetric saw-tooth profile is formed in the NLC.Finally,physical mechanism and mathematical model for characterizing the asymmetric phase holographic grating were presented,based on the photo-refractive-like（PR-like） effect.

Asymmetric Effects of Perceived Quality on Overall Evaluation and Moderating Effect of Sentiment:Evidence from Automobile Reviews

Perceived quality is consumers’subjective perceptions of a product’s attributes,which directly influences the overall evaluation of the product.Existing research has suggested that the perceived quality of attributes has an asymmetric effect on the overall evaluation,but limited research has been conducted on this asymmetric effect in the automobile industry and the moderating effect of sentiment.This paper investigates the asymmetric effect of perceived quality on overall evaluation using social media data from the automobile industry.First,the asymmetric effect of perceived quality on overall evaluation was identified for different attributes using penalty-reward contrast analysis(PRCA),and attribute classification was realized by calculating the IA index,i.e.,Appearance is an excitement attribute and the remaining attributes are basic attributes.Second,the differences in the asymmetric effects of each attribute category were analyzed,and the basic attributes were found to have a greater effect on the overall evaluation,with a positive moderating effect of sentiment on the effect.This study contributes to perceived quality research as well as consumer evaluation research and provides manufacturers with a prioritization method for attribute improvement.

Direct energy rebound effect for road transportation in China

The enhancement of energy efficiency stands as the principal avenue for attaining energy conservation and emissions reduction objectives within the realm of road transportation.Nevertheless,it is imperative to acknowledge that these objectives may,in part or in entirety,be offset by the phenomenon known as the energy rebound effect(ERE).To quantify the long-term EREs and short-term EREs specific to China’s road transportation,this study employed panel cointegration and panel error correction models,accounting for asymmetric price effects.The findings reveal the following:The long-term EREs observed in road passenger transportation and road freight transportation range from 13%to 25%and 14%to 48%,respectively;in contrast,the short-term EREs in road passenger transportation and road freight transportation span from 36%to 41%and 3.9%to 32%,respectively.It is noteworthy that the EREs associated with road passenger transportation and road freight transportation represent a partial rebound effect,falling short of reaching the magnitude of a counterproductive backfire effect.This leads to the inference that the upsurge in energy consumption within the road transportation sector cannot be solely attributed to advancements in energy efficiency.Instead,various factors,including income levels,the scale of commodity trade,and industrial structure,exert more substantial facilitating influences.Furthermore,the escalation of fuel prices fails to dampen the demand for energy services,whether in the domain of road passenger transportation or road freight transportation.In light of these conclusions,recommendations are proffered for the formulation of energy efficiency policies pertinent to road transportation.

Asymmetric flow effect in a horizontal natural ventilated tunnel with different aspect ratios under the influence of longitudinal fire locations

This paper has analyzed the asymmetric flow effect of fire-induced thermal flow in a horizontal tunnel under the natural ventilation condition by conducting large eddy simulations (LES). The key objective is to reveal and to have a better understanding of the asymmetric flow effect caused by the upstream and downstream tunnel length difference. The mechanism behind it can be explained based on the conservation of mass and dynamic force analysis on the smoke and fresh air. The strength of the asymmetric flow effect is characterized by the mass flow rate of the induced longitudinal flow (net mass flow rate of a cross-section). An empirical correlation to predict the induced longitudinal mass flow rate is proposed. Furthermore, the law of smoke and air flow distribution within a horizontal tunnel is established. The proportion of smoke (or air) flowing out (or coming in) through the opening increase (or decrease) linearly with the increasing distance between that opening to the fire location. The variation of the air flow with the longitudinal fire location in a tunnel is more sensitive than the smoke flow. Results have shown that as the fire approaches the tunnel exit from the middle of the tunnel, the smoke spilling out through this opening is reduced from 50% to 40%, while the fresh air incoming from this opening is increased from 50% to 100% and vice versa.

Organic reactions in chiral micelles 7.The structural effects on the asymmetric oxidation of prochiral sulfides in chiral micelles

A variety of phenyl alkyl sulfides were oxidized enantioselectively with NaIO_4 in chiral micellar systems formed from eight chiral surfactants,to give optical active sulfoxides.The enantiomer excesses ranged from 1.6 to 15.0%.To understand the mechanistic detail of this asymmetric oxi- dation in chiral micelle,the effects of structure both in substrates and surfactants on the optical yield of the oxidation were studied and discussed.Generally,increasing the alkyl chain length both in sur- factants and in substrates enhances the optical yield,also the surfactant with hydroxy group at its appropriate position gives better enantioselectivity,suggesting the enzymic characteristics of the chiral micelle.

Asymmetric interfaces and high-TC ferromagnetic phase in La_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)superlattices

Interfacial magnetism in functional oxide heterostructures not only exhibits intriguing physical phenomena but also implies great potential for device applications.In these systems,interfacial structural and electronic reconstructions are essential for improving the stability and tunability of the magnetic properties.In this work,we constructed ultra-thinLa_(0.67)Ca_(0.33)MnO_(3)/SrRuO_(3)(SRO)layers into superlattices,which exhibited a robust ferromagnetic phase.The high Curie temperature(TC)reaches 291 K,more than 30 K higher than that of bulk LCMO.We found that the LCMO/SRO superlattices consisted of atomically-sharp and asymmetric heterointerfaces.Such a unique interface structure can trigger a sizable charge transfer as well as a ferroelectric-like polar distortion.These two interfacial effects cooperatively stabilized the high-T_(C)ferromagnetic phase.Our results could pave a promising approach towards effective control of interfacial magnetism and new designs of oxide-based spintronic devices.