Gallbladder function and dynamics of bile flow in asymptomatic gallstone disease

AIM： To investigate the effects of gallbladder stones on motor functions of the gallbladder and the dynamics of bile flow in asymptomatic gallstone disease. METHODS： Quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed to detect the parameters of gallbladder motor function [gallbladder ejection fraction （GBEF）, gallbladder visualization time （GBVT）, gallbladder time to peak activity （GBTmax）, gallbladder half emptying time （GBT1/2）, and transit time of bile to duodenum （TTBD）] in 24 patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis who were diagnosed incidentally during routine abdominal ultrasonographic examination and 20 healthy subjects with normal gallbladder. RESULTS： Even though there was no significant difference in the clinical and laboratory parameters between the patient and control groups, all parameters of gallbladder function except TTBD were found to differ significantly between the two groups. GBEF in the patient group was decreased （P = 0.000） and GBVT, GBT GBT1/2 in the patient group were longer （P = 0.000, P = 0.015, P = 0.001, respectively）.there were not any clinical and laboratory findings, gallbladder filling and emptying could be impaired in patients with gallstone disease.

Asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis is not associated with increased frequency of cardiovascular disease

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular events in Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and to determine whether this risk is higher within specific subgroups of patients with PBC. METHODS: We included 180 patients with PBC (cases) and 151 patients seen for HCV infection (controls). Medical records were reviewed and statistical analyses were performed as appropriate. RESULTS: When compared to controls, PBC patients were older, leaner and had higher serum levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density cholesterol. There were more females in the PBC group (91.7% vs 43%, P < 0.001). More control subjects had smoked than the PBC patients (63.6% vs 35%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease and stroke was similar between the two groups. Seven percent of controls and 10% of cases developed any type of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.3). Only 36.7% were asymptomatic at diagnosis. Three cardiovascular events were documented among asymptomatic patients (4.5%) and fifteen among symptomatic patients (13.2%; P = 0.06). Among PBC patients with fatigue, 10 (13.5%) had a cardiovascular event compared to 7 (6.7%) among patients without fatigue (P = 0.1). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic PBC patients do not have a greater frequency of cardiovascular disease; nor do patients suffering with fatigue.

Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic peptic ulcer disease in Taiwan

AIM:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic peptic ulcer disease(PUD)in a general Taiwan Residents population. METHODS:From January to August 2008,consecutive asymptomatic subjects undergoing a routine health check-up were evaluated by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Gastroduodenal mucosal breaks were carefully assessed,and a complete medical history and demographic data were obtained from each patient.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify indepen-dent risk factors for asymptomatic PUD. RESULTS:Of the 572 asymptomatic subjects,54(9.4%) were diagnosed as having PUD.The prevalence of gastric ulcer,duodenal ulcer and both gastric and duodenal ulcers were 4.7%,3.9%,and 0.9%,respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that prior history of PUD [odds ratio(OR),2.0,95%CI:1.3-2.9],high body mass index[body mass index(BMI)25-30:OR,1.5,95%CI: 1.0-2.2;BMI>30 kg/m 2 :OR,3.6,95%CI:1.5-8.7] and current smoker(OR,2.6,95%CI:1.6-4.4)were independent predictors of asymptomatic PUD.In contrast, high education level was a negative predictor of PUD (years of education 10-12:OR,0.5,95%CI:0.3-0.8; years of education>12:OR,0.6,95%CI:0.3-0.9). CONCLUSION:The prevalence of PUD in asymptomatic subjects is 9.4%in Taiwan.Prior history of PUD, low education level,a high BMI and current smoker are independent risk factors for developing asymptomatic PUD.

名中医李海松运用“五辨”模式治疗男性不育症临床经验

男性不育症是中医学的优势病种之一,中医药在改善男性生殖功能方面具有独特优势。然随着自然环境及人们生活习惯的改变,男性不育症的病因病机趋于复杂化及多样化,目前单一的辨证论治模式已无法满足临床的需求,因此亟需探索一种新的中医辨治模式。李海松教授经过长期的临床实践,以及结合现代医学相关研究,针对男性不育症形成了“五辨”的诊治模式,即辨病论治、辨证论治、辨精论治、辨体论治、无症可辨。以辨证论治为核心,辨病论治为前提,重视辨精论治,同时兼顾体质因素,而无症可辨者从肾虚血瘀论治,在以上多种辨治方法的协同下,能够有效提高男性不育症的整体临床疗效。

动态心电图与常规心电图对无症状性冠心病的诊断效果比较

目的比较动态心电图与常规心电图诊断无症状性冠心病的效能。方法选取2020年1月至2023年1月我院收治的疑似冠心病患者100例,均给予常规心电图检查及动态心电图检查。以冠状动脉造影检查结果为依据,比较动态心电图、常规心电图的诊断效能。结果常规心电图与冠状动脉造影检查结果的一致性一般(Kappa值=0.741,P<0.001),动态心电图与冠状动脉造影检查结果的一致性较好(Kappa值=0.923,P<0.001)。动态心电图诊断无症状性冠心病的灵敏度、特异度、准确率均显著高于常规心电图(P<0.05)。结论动态心电图较常规心电图诊断无症状性冠心病具有更高的效能,可降低误诊、漏诊风险。

基于临床及磁共振图像特征的髋关节撞击综合征独立危险因素分析

目的 结合MRI影像学因素和临床因素探究髋关节撞击(femoroacetabular impingement,FAI)综合征发生相关的危险因素,并评估各危险因素与FAI综合征的相关性。材料与方法 回顾性分析2020年2月至2023年6月在本院行髋关节MRI检查且确诊FAI患者的影像及临床资料。根据患者有无临床症状及体征将患者分为FAI综合征组及无症状FAI组。基于临床资料中的人口统计学特征、MRI评估的髋关节解剖特征,首先通过单因素分析确定FAI综合征发生的危险因素,再通过多因素回归分析各个危险因素与有症状FAI的相关性,从而确定独立危险因素。结果 单因素分析中,年龄、FAI分型、转子周围肌肉水肿、股骨颈骨髓水肿差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而多因素统计结果表明,年龄(P=0.012)、FAI分型(P=0.022)、转子周围肌肉水肿(P<0.001)与有症状FAI发生相关,即为FAI综合征发生的独立危险因素。结论 年龄、FAI分型、转子周围肌肉水肿为FAI综合征发生的独立危险因素,可为临床个体化治疗提供帮助从而影响临床医师对患者治疗方案的决策。

早期踝肱指数对下肢动脉硬化性疾病无症状高危人群的预测价值

目的探讨下肢动脉硬化性疾病无症状高危人群的危险因素及踝肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)的预测价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月成武县人民医院110例无下肢动脉硬化性疾病症状的高危人群为研究对象,均接受ABI测量,根据ABI将其分为异常组和正常组,对比两组基线资料,并分析影响下肢动脉硬化性疾病无症状高危人群的危险因素及ABI的预测价值。结果经ABI测量显示,ABI≤0.9共31例,占比28.18%。异常组年龄,有高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史占比,C反应蛋白及同型半胱高于正常组,总胆固醇及ABI低于正常组(P均<0.05)。年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、同型半胱氨酸、ABI是下肢动脉硬化性疾病无症状高危人群的影响因素(P均<0.05)。年龄、同型半胱氨酸、ABI预测下肢动脉硬化性疾病无症状高危人群的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.959、0.965、0.986,ABI预测的敏感度优于年龄和同型半胱氨酸预测(P均<0.05)。结论早期检测ABI对下肢动脉硬化性疾病无症状高危人群具有预测作用。

胃镜在无症状体检者癌前疾病及胃癌筛查中的应用价值研究

目的研究无症状体检者癌前疾病及胃癌的患病情况,探讨胃镜检查的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析3055例无症状体检者的胃镜下及病理检查结果,对体检者的性别、年龄、病理特性等进行分析。结果3055例体检者胃镜筛查发现慢性萎缩性胃炎313例(10.25%)、胃息肉848例(27.76%)、残胃炎14例(0.46%)、胃溃疡69例(2.26%)及胃癌13例(0.43%),其中胃早癌8例(0.26%)。共1257例受检者检出癌前疾病及胃癌,男女比例1‥1.94。男性慢性萎缩性胃炎和胃息肉占比低于女性,残胃炎、胃溃疡、胃癌占比高于女性,不同性别癌前疾病及胃癌分布情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃息肉、残胃炎、胃溃疡及胃癌分布情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。慢性萎缩性胃炎、残胃炎、胃癌占比随年龄增长呈上升趋势。对可疑病灶取活检,病理组织学分析。黏膜组织萎缩、肠化生均常见于慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃癌,非萎缩、肠化生黏膜组织常见于胃息肉、胃溃疡,不同胃黏膜组织萎缩、肠化生情况的慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃息肉、残胃炎、胃溃疡及胃癌分布情况比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=794.231、486.775,P<0.05)。结论通过胃镜筛查,可使得癌前疾病及胃癌筛查效果显著提升,对于疾病的早期诊断、治疗有重要价值。

冠心病无症状性心肌缺血诊断中应用动态心电图的临床效果分析

目的 分析冠心病无症状性心肌缺血采取动态心电图进行诊断的效果。方法 选取200例冠心病心肌缺血患者为研究对象,均进行动态心电图连续检查。将冠状动脉造影检查作为诊断的金标准,分析动态心电图对冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的诊断效能;分析动态心电图的诊断结果。结果 200例冠心病心肌缺血患者,经冠状动脉造影诊断显示无症状性心肌缺血患者113例,有症状性心肌缺血患者87例。动态心电图诊断显示无症状性心肌缺血患者105例,有症状性心肌缺血患者95例。动态心电图诊断冠心病无症状性心肌缺血的漏诊率为14.2%(16/113),误诊率为9.2%(8/87),灵敏度为85.8%(97/113),特异度为90.8%(79/87)。200例冠心病心肌缺血患者通过动态心电图诊断,有症状性心肌缺血患者95例、占比47.5%(95/200),24 h内共发作182次心肌缺血,其中0:00~5:00发作67次、占比36.8%,6:00~24:00发作115次、占比63.2%。无症状性心肌缺血患者105例、占比52.5%(105/200),24 h内共发作278次心肌缺血,其中0:00~5:00发作63次、占比22.7%,6:00~24:00发作215次、占比77.3%。无症状性心肌缺血患者ST段下移持续时间为(13.5±4.6)min/次,有症状性心肌缺血患者ST段下移持续时间为(30.1±10.9)min/次,无症状性心肌缺血患者ST段下移持续时间短于有症状性心肌缺血患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对于冠心病无症状性心肌缺血采取动态心电图进行诊断的临床价值高,可以显著提升检出率,对于评估冠心病无症状性心肌缺血存在非常重要的意义。

基于“中医治神”理论的调神扶正排毒汤对新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状感染者核酸转阴时间效应规律的研究

目的探讨不同时间开始使用调神扶正排毒汤治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎,COVID-19)无症状感染者的疗效。方法回顾性分析105例新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状感染患者临床资料,所有患者均服用调神扶正排毒汤,根据开始服用调神扶正排毒汤的时间分成≤3 d组(37例)、4~6 d组(47例)、7~9 d组(21例)。比较三组基础资料、核酸转阴时间,对患者年龄、开始服药时间与核酸转阴时间进行多元回归分析。结果≤3 d组男18例、女19例,平均年龄(26.85±15.87)岁;4~6 d组男15例、女32例,平均年龄(28.91±18.12)岁;7~9 d组男10例、女11例,平均年龄(26.95±16.43)岁。三组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤3 d组核酸转阴时间为(6.84±0.80)d,4~6 d组核酸转阴时间为(10.09±0.78)d,7~9 d组核酸转阴时间为(12.81±0.81)d,三组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状感染患者开始服药时间与核酸转阴时间呈正相关(P<0.01,R2=0.88),开始服药时间越晚,核酸转阴时间越长。年龄与核酸转阴时间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎无症状感染患者越早开始服用调神扶正排毒汤,核酸转阴时间越短,研究结果提示调神扶正排毒汤可能对提高患者的康复速度有积极的作用。

动态心电图检查在冠心病无症状心肌缺血诊断中的应用价值

目的:探究动态心电图检查在临床诊断冠心病无症状心肌缺血中的应用价值.方法:选择2019年1月至2022年6月本院收治的98例心肌缺血冠心病患者为研究对象.按照心肌缺血是否无症状,将其分为观察组(n=50,无症状心肌缺血患者)和对照组(n=48,有症状心肌缺血患者),分析两组患者心率变异指标、心电图ST段变化、心肌缺血变异性.结果:观察组动态心电图检查结果,均为窦性心搏RR间期、相邻RR间期差值均方根、RR间期平均值标准差各评分,均比对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组ST段下移范围、下移保持时间、ST段下移次数评分均比对照组显著增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组心肌缺血阈变异性、心肌缺血发作、心肌缺血时间评分均比对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:在冠心病无症状心肌缺血患者中应用动态心电图检查能有效增强心肌缺血的确诊率,且为临床提供了诊治依据,具有更高的临床价值.

Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: A Translational Clinical Challenge

Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a dysmetabolic medical condition resulting in the #1 cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) CT non-invasively identifies atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals. This translational study tested the hypothesis that clinically overtcardiovascular disease can be prevented in asymptomatic individuals in a medical clinic. Methods: Two hundred and six asymptomatic adults requested a CAC scan to identify subclinical heart disease. Individuals with a positive CAC score > 1 (n = 125) were prescribed targeted medical therapy to reverse their atherosclerosis. The goal was to achieve an LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) ≤ 60 mg/dl. One hundred and ten individuals reached this goal (67 male, 43 female) receiving 10 mg/d of rosuvastatin and 10 mg/d of ezetimibe plus a low cholesterol diet. Other fifteen individuals with positive CAC scores did not achieve this LDL-C goal. Results: In the group following medical therapy and achieving an LDL-C ≤ 60 mg/dl, no cardiovascular events were observed during a maximum observation period of 5 years (mean observation time = 3.6 years). Based on previously published CVD outcome data in individuals with similar CAC scores, 12.6 cardiovascular events were expected. Two of fifteen individuals with positive CAC scores not following medical therapy had a cardiovascular event. None of the 81 individuals with a zero score had a cardiovascular event during follow-up. No adverse effects of therapy occurred. Conclusion: In a medical clinic, adult population with positive CAC scores and an LDL-C ≤ 60 mg/dl, targeted medical therapy prevented overt cardiovascular disease. These results should encourage other physicians to aggressively treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in their clinic populations.

血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2与中老年无症状高尿酸血症的相关性分析

目的探讨人血浆脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)与中老年无症状高尿酸血症(HUA)的相关性。方法随机选取2019年6月-2020年6月在中国医学科学院阜外医院体检的表观健康中老年人174例,依据HUA诊断标准分为无症状HUA组(n=58)和对照组(n=116)。采集年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)等一般资料,以及血常规、尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮、血脂、Lp-PLA2等实验室检查资料。采用回归分析探究无症状HUA可能的危险因素。结果研究对象中,女性HUA发病率明显高于男性(41.4%vs.25.3%,P<0.05);无症状HUA组BMI、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、Lp-PLA2水平及高血压病发病率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组不同性别分别比较,无症状HUA组男性和女性患者Lp-PLA2水平均明显增高(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示,Lp-PLA2水平升高是无症状HUA的独立危险因素;按照Lp-PLA2浓度进行三分位分组,与低浓度Lp-PLA2组比较,高浓度Lp-PLA2组增加无症状HUA风险的OR值为4.61(95%CI 1.807~11.76,P<0.05)。结论血浆Lp-PLA2水平增高可能是中老年无症状HUA的独立危险因素。

Preventing Heart Disease via Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring to Make a Definitive Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis

Purpose: Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the Western world. The purpose of this manuscript is to compare the benefits and deficiencies of coronary artery calcium scanning versus computer generated risk equations in identifying atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These two approaches provide significantly different cardiovascular risk assessments and often lead to therapeutic differences in recommendations from the physician to the patient. Methods: Pertinent medical literature is reviewed concerning both risk assessment approaches (i.e., coronary artery scanning and computer generated risk equations). The strengths and weaknesses of both approaches are discussed, and recommendations are provided based upon available data. Results: Cardiovascular risk equations are simple and readily obtained at no charge by physicians. However, their drawbacks are several, including non-applicability to specific populations, disagreements among different cardiovascular society risk equations, wide ranges of risk outputs (e.g., intermediate 10-year risk is between 5% and 20%), inability to definitively identify coronary artery plaques, and lack of definitive anatomical coronary disease. Alternatively, coronary artery calcium scanning costs approximately $100/scan (if not covered by insurance), requires time and effort by the patient, and exposes the patient to a minimal amount of radiation. However, coronary calcium scanning identifies specific atherosclerotic coronary disease and provides additional information about the anatomical location (i.e., coronary artery) of the atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: Based on the published literature, coronary artery calcium scanning is the preferred approach for identifying atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although there are minor drawbacks, overall it provides superior clinical information compared with computer generated risk equations.

无症状髋关节前上盂唇撕裂超声与磁共振检查的对比研究

目的:探索超声对于无症状髋关节盂唇撕裂(acetabular labral tears,ALT)的诊断价值。方法:2018年8月至2020年2月招募64例无髋关节症状志愿者(101髋)进行单髋3.0T磁共振及超声检查,其中男31例,女33例,中位年龄35(32,39)岁。以单髋磁共振诊断结果作为金标准,计算超声诊断ALT的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度。结果:33例(51.56%)无症状志愿者存在单侧或双侧ALT,共47髋(46.53%)。行双侧髋关节磁共振检查的37例志愿者中14例存在双侧ALT,8例存在单侧ALT;行单侧髋关节磁共振检查的27例志愿者中,11例存在ALT。33例ALT患者中,男11例,女22例;右髋30例,左髋17例。ALT组中位年龄36(33,40)岁,无ALT组中位年龄34(32,38)岁,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。盂唇异常的超声表现包括盂唇内裂隙26例、盂唇回声不均匀25例、盂唇旁囊肿2例、盂唇内局灶强回声12例。超声诊断无症状人群ALT敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为73.53%、67.16%、53.19%、83.33%和69.31%。本组髋关节前上盂唇中位横截面积为0.20(0.15,0.24)cm^(2),其中ALT组和无ALT组分别为0.22(0.17,0.28)cm^(2)和0.17(0.14,0.21)cm^(2),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:ALT在无症状志愿者磁共振检查中常见,盂唇内裂隙、盂唇回声不均匀是其常见的超声征象;无症状志愿者中ALT组盂唇较无ALT组肿胀。

新疆多中心慢性肾脏病无症状高尿酸血症患病率及预后研究

目的了解新疆6家医院慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者无症状高尿酸血症(asymptomatic hyperuricemia,AH)患病率及预后,为今后制定合理措施提供依据。方法采取整群抽样的方法收集2019年1月至2019年12月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院、新疆维吾尔自治区莎车县医院、新疆军区总医院北京路医疗区、新疆维吾尔自治区和田地区人民医院、新疆维吾尔自治区友谊医院、新疆生产建设兵团医院等6家医院收治的CKD1~5期非透析患者。记录患者一般资料及实验室相关检查,分析不同CKD分期人群AH患病情况、危险因素以及预后。结果本研究共筛选出CKD患者1346例,符合纳排标准且资料完整非透析CKD患者共767例,年龄范围18~87岁,年龄(51±15)岁。AH患者334例,患病率为43.5%,尿酸水平为(489.22±85.71)μmol/L。CKD合并AH组男性高于女性(60.5%比39.5%);汉族高于少数民族(55.4%比44.6%,P<0.05)。与正常尿酸组比较,AH组中CKD患者合并高血压病、肥胖症例数较高,收缩压、体重指数、尿素氮、血肌酐、C-反应蛋白、胆固醇、血磷、血镁、甲状旁腺激素均较高,差异有统计学意义,而估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、血红蛋白均较低且差异有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,低血红蛋白及低白蛋白是CKD患者发生eGFR下降≥30%或肾脏替代治疗的独立危险因素,而AH与终点事件的发生无明显相关性。对225例随访的CKD合并AH患者进一步分析,未达标组终点事件发生率显著高于达标组及未治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新疆地区CKD合并AH患病率高于普通人群,降尿酸治疗可能有利于延缓肾功能进展,改善CKD患者预后。

无症状型烟雾病的研究进展

烟雾病(moyamoya disease,MMD)是一种病因不明、慢性进展性脑血管疾病,主要表现为双侧颈内动脉末端进行性狭窄和侧支循环的发展,临床表现主要分为出血型及缺血型。随着非侵入性磁共振检查的发展,无症状型MMD的患病率逐渐增加,其在发展过程中也可发生脑血管事件,但是由于患者数量少和随访周期短,其相关的管理指南尚未建立。本文整理了关于国内外无症状型MMD的文献资料,综述其临床特征、预后和管理策略,以期为临床的诊断及精准诊疗提供参考。

银翘败毒方治疗新型冠状病毒无症状感染者的临床疗效评价

目的评价银翘败毒方治疗新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)无症状感染者的疗效和安全性。方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验设计方法。选择2022年10月至12月由河南中医药大学第一附属医院驻会展中心医学观察点收治的新冠病毒无症状感染者250例作为研究对象,采用分层随机区组法将受试者随机分为试验组和对照组,每组125例。共有5例患者未完成研究,其中试验组2例,对照组3例,形成符合方案集245例(试验组123例、对照组122例)。试验组给予银翘败毒合剂(由金银花、连翘、青蒿、射干、虎杖、薏苡仁等13味中药组成),对照组给予银翘败毒安慰剂(由5%的中药及调味剂等组成),试验药物均由河南中医药大学第一附属医院制剂室统一煎煮提供,每日1剂,分2次口服,连续治疗14 d。以核酸转阴时间为主要结局指标,以核酸转阴率、转型率、转型时间、症状发生率、症状发生时间、不良事件累积发生率为次要结局指标,比较不同治疗方法两组主要结局指标和次要结局指标的差异。结果试验组核酸转阴时间较对照组明显缩短(d:8.93±2.13比10.47±3.95,P<0.05)。治疗7、10和14 d,试验组核酸转阴率均明显高于对照组〔分别为44.7%(55/123)比27.9%(34/122)、91.9%(113/123)比72.1%(88/122)、98.4%(121/123)比88.5%(108/122),均P<0.05〕。治疗4 d和7 d,试验组转型率均明显低于对照组〔分别为4.9%(6/123)比12.3%(15/122)、5.7%(7/123)比13.1%(16/122),均P<0.05〕,转型时间较对照组明显延后(d:7.82±2.99比6.15±1.39,P<0.05)。治疗4 d,试验组发热、咳嗽、乏力症状的发生率均明显低于对照组〔分别为4.9%(6/123)比17.2%(21/122)、8.9%(11/123)比18.0%(22/122)、14.6%(18/123)比26.2%(32/122),均P<0.05〕,到治疗10 d两组发热症状发生率差异仍有统计学意义〔9.8%(12/123)比18.9%(23/122),P<0.05〕,治疗14 d两组发热症状发生率无明显差异,治疗7 d两组对乏力症状的改善程度相当,治疗10 d开始试验组对乏力的改善程度明显优于对照组〔25.2%(31/123)比37.7%(46/122),P<0.05〕,持续到治疗14 d〔26.8%(33/123)比39.3%(48/122),P<0.05〕。两组各时间点胸闷、气短、腹胀、腹泻发生率比较差异均无统计学意义,说明银翘败毒方在改善上述症状方面的疗效相当。试验组发热、咳嗽、乏力症状发生的时间较对照组明显延后(d:6.62±1.50比5.30±1.22、8.48±3.34比6.54±1.45、7.97±3.21比6.11±0.98,均P<0.05),两组其他症状发生时间比较差异均无统计学意义。试验组和对照组不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义〔10.6%(13/123)比11.5%(14/122),P>0.05〕。结论银翘败毒方治疗新冠病毒无症状感染者在缩短核酸转阴时间、提高核酸转阴率、降低转型率、延后转型时间等方面均有较好的临床疗效,且不良反应少,安全性好。

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症108例患者的临床资料分析

目的分析云南省肿瘤医院原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(PHPT)患者的临床资料,总结临床特点,提高临床工作者对该病的认识及诊治水平。方法回顾性整理分析云南省肿瘤医院2012年1月至2021年12月收治的108例PHPT患者的相关资料,比较症状型与无症状型PHPT的临床差异。结果108例PHPT患者中,症状组58例(53.7%),无症状组50例(46.3%)。2组患者中男性发病年龄均早于女性,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001);症状组中男性占比高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。症状组患者的发病年龄较无症状组更早(P=0.001),病程更长(P<0.001)。PHPT就诊呈增长趋势,且2018年后无症状组就诊增长趋势较症状组更明显。症状组患者以骨骼系统受损最常见(84.5%),而无症状组患者多因意外发现血钙升高或颈部超声发现可疑病灶就诊。99mTc-MIBI病灶定位的准确性(94.44%)高于颈部超声(78.7%)或颈部增强CT(78.7%),但99mTc�MIBI联合颈部超声检查可提高术前定位的准确性(97.22%)。结论PHPT就诊呈增长趋势,且近年来无症状型患者就诊增加趋势较症状型更明显;PHPT患者中,男性较女性的病情更重,且发病年龄更早;99mTc-MIBI术前定位准确性最高,联合颈部超声可进一步提高定位的准确性。

冠状动脉CT血管造影、血清Hcy和胱抑素C水平对无症状冠心病的诊断价值

目的探讨冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)、血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和胱抑素C水平对无症状冠心病的诊断价值。方法选取110例疑似无症状冠心病患者作为研究对象,以冠状动脉造影检查为诊断金标准,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Hcy、胱抑素C水平单独及联合冠状动脉CTA诊断无症状冠心病的价值。结果110例疑似患者中,共有89例被诊断为无症状冠心病,21例为非冠心病患者。无症状冠心病患者血清Hcy水平高于非冠心病患者,而胱抑素C水平低于非冠心病患者(均P<0.05)。冠状动脉CTA诊断无症状冠心病的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.51%、90.48%、94.55%、97.70%和82.61%。血清Hcy、胱抑素C水平诊断无症状冠心病的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.798和0.873,最佳截断值分别为9.80μmol/L和1.30 mg/L,灵敏度分别为70.50%和96.80%,特异度分别为82.00%和75.50%;冠状动脉CTA联合血清Hcy、胱抑素C水平诊断无症状冠心病的ROC曲线下面积为0.960,灵敏度和特异度分别为84.00%和92.00%。结论冠状动脉CTA、血清Hcy和胱抑素C水平对无症状冠心病均有较好的诊断价值,三者联合应用时可进一步提高诊断效能,值得临床参考。