Coordinated Rotor-Side Control Strategy for Doubly-FedWind Turbine under Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Grid Faults

In order to solve the problems of rotor overvoltage,overcurrent and DC side voltage rise caused by grid voltage drops,a coordinated control strategy based on symmetrical and asymmetrical low voltage ride through of rotor side converter of the doubly-fed generator is proposed.When the power grid voltage drops symmetrically,the generator approximate equation under steady-state conditions is no longer applicable.Considering the dynamic process of stator current excitation,according to the change of stator flux and the depth of voltage drop,the system can dynamically provide reactive power support for parallel nodes and suppress the rise of DC side voltage and rotor over-current.When the grid voltage drops asymmetrically,the positive and negative sequence components are separated in the rotating coordinate system.The doubly fed generator model is established to suppress the rotor positive sequence current and negative sequence current respectively.At the same time,the output voltage limit of the converter is discussed,and the reference value is adjusted within the allowable output voltage range.In order to adapt to the occurrence of different types of power grid faults and complex operating conditions,a fast switching module of fault type detection and rotor control mode is designed to detect the type of power grid faults and voltage drop depth in real time and switch the rotor side control mode dynamically.Finally,the simulation model of the doubly fed wind turbine is constructed in Matlab/Simulink.The simulation results verify that the proposed control strategy can improve the low-voltage ride through performance of the system when dealing with the symmetrical and asymmetric voltage drop of the power grid and identify the power grid fault type and provide the correct control strategy.

Wind Generator Stabilization with Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Machine

This paper investigates the function of doubly-fed asynchronous machine(DASM)with emphasis placed on its ability to the stabilization of the power system including wind generators.P(active power)and Q(reactive power)compensation from DASM can be regulated independently through secondary-excitation controlling.Simulation results by power system computer aided design(PSCAD)show that DASM can restore the wind-generator system to a normal operating condition rapidly even following severe transmission-line failures.Comparison studies have also been performed between wind turbine pitch control and proposed method.

双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路故障振动特性分析

针对双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路的故障振动机理尚不明确且无法为故障诊断提供理论依据的问题,开展了双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路故障振动特性分析.首先,结合有限元仿真及解析推导,分析转子匝间短路下双馈异步风力发电机的气隙磁密规律,得到转子所受的不平衡磁拉力;然后,考虑转子不平衡磁拉力的情况下构建双馈异步风力发电机转子-轴承系统非线性动力学模型,利用非线性动力学仿真获取转子匝间短路故障下系统的振动仿真信号;最后,在双馈异步风力发电机故障模拟实验台上进行转子匝间短路故障实验,利用实验分析验证非线性动力学仿真结果的有效性.非线性动力学仿真及实验分析结果均表明,转子匝间短路故障下双馈异步风力发电机转子-轴承系统振动信号的频谱存在转频的谐波成分,通过检测转频的谐波分量可诊断双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路故障,有效揭示了双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路的故障振动机理.

大功率异步风力发电机冷却结构分析与研究

随着风电技术的发展,单机容量不断的增大,冷却结构设计、噪声性能、成本等成为电机设计中的关键环节。目前国内外对大功率异步风力发电机通风冷却结构与噪声关联性研究较少。本文以一款异步风力发电机为例,采用CFD仿真分析方法对不同结构冷却器及定、转子通风道流体场及温度场进行模拟计算和分析。研究结果表明:“M”型换热器具有降低电机内部风阻,提升内风量的效果,在满足绕组温升要求下,具有一定成本优势;同时发电机定、转子通风道错开,在一定程度上可降低电机气动噪声。通过以上分析总结,希望对异步风力发电机的冷却结构设计提供一些参考。

不平衡电网电压下风力发电机网侧变流器控制策略

针对不平衡电网中负序分量对风力发电机的正常运行造成巨大影响,以风力发电机中的双馈风力发电机为例,提出了在网侧变流器中通过双闭环控制和滑模变结构控制共同作用的控制策略。通过空中管制中心和网络自抗扰控制器控制组成双闭环控制,可维持变流器电压的稳定。通过与滑模变结构控制相结合,消除负序分量对系统产生的影响。通过试验仿真验证了双闭环控制策略可使电压波形输出为与电网电压一致的正弦波。提出的控制策略对单相短路故障上出现的危害有很好的抑制作用。

基于深度学习的异步风力发电机组功率振荡抑制方法

由于引起异步风力发电机组功率振荡的因素较多,难以保障功率振荡抑制的效果,为此,提出基于深度学习的异步风力发电机组功率振荡抑制方法的研究。从风力机动态特性、发电机组动态特性以及传动链动态特性3个角度分析了异步风力发电机组功率振荡状态,借助长短期记忆网络实现对振荡的有效抑制。在测试结果中,设计的振荡抑制方法应用效果不仅更高效,且对于基础振荡幅度的控制效果更好。

双馈风电机组双模并网控制策略

当前,我国陆上风电场大多采用双馈机组,虽然其变流器容量小、成本低,但是通常只能在±30%的转差率范围内运行,在低转速下无法正常并网。为了提高低转速工况下双馈风电机组的发电量,文章提出一种双模并网控制方案。其建立了双馈电机定子短接的异步数学模型,以确定最终短接电阻的取值范围;提出了双模柔性切换策略,即在转速较低时机组以异步模式运行,转速升高后机组以常规的双馈模式运行,从而实现低转速也能发电运行。仿真结果表明,低转速下,异步模式相较双馈模式,转子电流畸变率最大可降低55%,功率控制精度也更高(功率波动幅值可控制在3 kW以内);且采用柔性切换策略后,暂态冲击电流减小36%以上,仅150 ms就可达到新稳态,验证了风电机组双模并网控制策略的有效性和可行性。

Low-voltage ride-through capability improvement of Type-3 wind turbine through active disturbance rejection feedback control-based dynamic voltage restorer

Disconnections due to voltage drops in the grid cannot be permitted if wind turbines(WTs)contribute significantly to electricity pro-duction,as this increases the risk of production loss and destabilizes the grid.To mitigate the negative effects of these occurrences,WTs must be able to ride through the low-voltage conditions and inject reactive current to provide dynamic voltage support.This paper investigates the low-voltage ride-through(LVRT)capability enhancement of a Type-3 WT utilizing a dynamic voltage restorer(DVR).During the grid voltage drop,the DVR quickly injects a compensating voltage to keep the stator voltage constant.This paper proposes an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)scheme to control the rotor-side,grid-side and DVR-side converters in a wind–DVR integrated network.The performance of the Type-3 WT with DVR topology is evaluated under various test conditions using MATLAB®/Simulink®.These simulation results are also compared with the experimental results for the LVRT capability performed on a WT emulator equipped with a crowbar and direct current(DC)chopper.The simulation results demonstrate a favourable transient and steady-state response of the Type-3 wind turbine quantities defined by the LVRT codes,as well as improved reactive power support under balanced fault conditions.Under the most severe voltage drop of 95%,the stator currents,rotor currents and DC bus voltage are 1.25 pu,1.40 pu and 1.09 UDC,respectively,conforming to the values of the LVRT codes.DVR controlled by the ADRC technique significantly increases the LVRT capabilities of a Type-3 doubly-fed induction generator-based WT under symmetrical voltage dip events.Although setting up ADRC controllers might be challenging,the proposed method has been shown to be extremely effective in reducing all kinds of internal and external disturbances.

Model of DFIG Wind Farm and Study on Its LVRT Capability

As a typical clean and renewable energy, wind power is becoming more and more widely used in electrical industry. However, its characteristics of random and intermittent have brought serious problems to the power system, such as voltage fluctuation and insufficient reactive power. Based on the K-means clustering algorithm, this paper classifies the doubly-fed induction generators （DFIG） according to the operation of propeller pitch angle control. At the same time, to obtain the optimal parameter, advanced particle swarm optimization （PSO） is used. Then the dynamic model of DFIG under the network fault condition is built. What is more, the role that crowbar circuit plays in low voltage ride through （LVRT） is discussed. Finally, simulations in DigSILENT verify the model.

Overview of Sub-synchronous Oscillation in Wind Power System

Nowadays with the improvement in the degree of emphasis on new energy, the wind power system has developed more and more rapidly over the world. Usually the wind plants are located in the remote areas which are far from the load centers. Generally series compensated AC transmission and high voltage DC transmission are made use of to improve the transmission capacity as two main effective ways which can solve the problem of large scale wind power transmission. The paper describes the three kinds of impact varieties and impact mechanisms in the sub-synchronous oscillation phenomena of wind power system based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind generators. At last, we point out the important problem that should be stressed in the wind power system.

模糊扰动观测法的双馈风机最大功率追踪控制

为提高双馈风机最大功率追踪控制系统的相应速度和控制精度,针对传统的扰动观测法固定步长控制精度低的问题,采用模糊控制实现步长的动态调整。使系统在初始阶段具有较大步长,有利于提高系统响应速度;控制后期减小步长使控制精度得以提升。MATLAB仿真验证了该方法较传统扰动观测法具有更好的动态响应,同时系统达到稳态后也具有较高的控制精度。

Transient Characteristics and Quantitative Analysis of Electromotive Force for DFIG-based Wind Turbines during Grid Faults

For doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind turbines(WTs),various advanced control schemes have been proposed to achieve the low voltage ride through(LVRT)capability,whose parameters design is significantly reliant on the rotor electromotive force(EMF)of DFIG-based WTs.However,the influence of the rotor current on EMF is usually ignored in existing studies,which cannot fully reflect the transient characteristics of EMF.To tackle with this issue,this study presents a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of EMF during grid faults considering various control modes.First,the DFIG model under grid faults is established.Subsequently,the transient characteristics of EMF are analyzed under different control modes(that is,rotor open-circuit and connected to converter).Furthermore,the EMF transient eigenvolumes(that is,accessorial resistance item,transient decay time constant,and frequency offset)are quantitatively analyzed with the typical parameters of MW-level DFIG-based WT.The analysis results contribute to the design of the LVRT control scheme.Finally,the analysis is validated by the hardware-in-the-loop experiments.

Fault ride-through capability improvement in a DFIG-based wind turbine using modified ADRC

In this paper,an overview of several strategies for fault ride-through(FRT)capability improvement of a doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind turbine is presented.Uncertainties and parameter variations have adverse effects on the performance of these strategies.It is desirable to use a control method that is robust to such distur-bances.Auto disturbance rejection control(ADRC)is one of the most common methods for eliminating the effects of disturbances.To improve the performance of the conventional ADRC,a modified ADRC is introduced that is more robust to disturbances and offers better responses.The non-derivability of the fal function used in the conventional ADRC degrades its efficiency,so the modified ADRC uses alternative functions that are derivable at all points,i.e.,the odd trigonometric and hyperbolic functions(arcsinh,arctan,and tanh).To improve the effciency of the proposed ADRC,fuzzy logic and fractional-order functions are used simultaneously.In fuzzy fractional-order ADRC(FFOADRC),all disturbances are evaluated using a nonlinear fractional-order extended state observer(NFESO).The performance of the suggested structure is investigated in MATLAB/Simulink.The simulation results show that during disturbances such as network voltage sag/swell,using the modified ADRCs leads to smaller fluctuations in stator flux amplitude and DC-link voltage,lower variations in DFIG velocity,and lower total harmonic distortion(THD)of the stator current.This demonstrates the superiority over conventional ADRC and a proportional-integral(PI)controller.Also,by chang-ing the crowbar resistance and using the modified ADRCs,the peak values of the waveforms(torque and currents)can be controlled at the moment of fault occurrence with no significant distortion.

异步双馈风力发电机组刹车系统事故预防研究

从异步双馈风力发电机组刹车系统火灾发生的主要两个因素着手,结合实际案例,分析了产生火灾的原因,从技术、设备及管理方面,提出解决异常刹车引发火灾的措施和建议,以期为风电机组安全运行和改造提供参考。

A novel control solution for improved trajectory tracking and LVRT performance in DFIG-based wind turbines

This paper presents a new control strategy for the rotor side converter of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator based Wind Turbine systems,under severe voltage dips.The main goal is to fulfill the Low Voltage Ride Through performance,required by modern grid codes.In this respect,the key point is to limit oscillations(particularly on rotor currents)triggered by line faults,so that the system keeps operating with graceful behavior.To this aim,a suitable feedforward-feedback control solution is proposed for the DFIG rotor side.The feedforward part exploits oscillation-free reference trajectories,analytically derived for the system internal dynamics.State feedback,designed accounting for control voltage limits,endows the system with robustness and further tame oscillations during faults.Moreover,improved torque and stator reactive power tracking during faults is achieved,proposing an exact mapping between such quantities and rotor-side currents,which are conventionally used as controlled outputs.Numerical simulations are provided to validate the capability of the proposed approach to effectively cope with harsh faults.

A complete modeling and simulation of DFIG based wind turbine system using fuzzy logic control

The current paper talks about the variable speed wind turbine generation system （WTGS）. So, the WTGS is equipped with a doubly-fed induction generator （DFIG） and two bidirectional converters in the rotor open circuit. A vector control （VC） of the rotor side converter （RSC） offers independent regulation of the stator active and reactive power and the optimal rotational speed tracking in the power maximization operating mode. A VC scheme for the grid-side converter （GSC） allows an independent regulation of the active and reactive power to exchange with the grid and sinusoidal supply currents and keeps the DC-link voltage constant. A fuzzy inference system （FIS） is adopted as an alternative of the conven- tional proportional and integral （PI） controller to reject some uncertainties or disturbance. The performances have been verified using the Matlab/Simulink soft-ware.

并网风力发电场的最大注入功率分析

风力发电场的最大注入功率分析是风电场规划和运行的一项重要内容。文章建立了异步发电机的稳态数学模型,给出了包含风电场的电力系统潮流的交替迭代计算方法,并结合实际风电系统,分析了确定并网风电场最大注入功率的主要因素。计算结果表明,系统运行方式、风电机组无功补偿量、风电场与系统联络线的电抗与电阻之比的大小等都会影响风电场的最大注入功率,对于一个实际的风电系统,要最终确定其最大注入功率必须进行系统的计算分析。

风电场发电机动态等值问题的研究

在研究风电场对电网影响时,为节省仿真时间,常常利用简化的异步电机模型或通过多机等值来简化由多台风电机组组成的风电场模型。笔者提出基于同步发电机传递函数概念的多台异步发电机等值的参数辨识方法,并采用最小二乘法计算等值异步发电机的同步电抗、暂态电抗和转子时间常数。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK工具箱的仿真结果表明了该等值方法的有效性。

电网电压跌落下双馈风力发电机组暂态性能的比较分析

为了较全面地研究不同运行工况下并网双馈风力发电机组的暂态运行性能,该文基于双馈发电机电磁暂态模型,采用等效集中质量法,建立了考虑风力机和发电机之间传动轴扭转柔性的风力机两个质量块等效模型。在此基础上,基于定子电压定向的矢量控制策略,对风电机组在不同风力机输出转矩、不同电网电压跌落和不同故障持续时间下分别进行了暂态运行性能的仿真,并对风力机不同质量块等效模型的结果进行比较。结果表明,双馈风力发电机组暂态性能与风力机传动链柔性、电压跌落程度和故障持续时间等密切相关。

含风电微型电网电压稳定性分析及控制技术

异步风力发电机作为微型电网的重要分布式电源,其工作状况将影响系统的运行以及电压稳定性。本文研究了异步风力发电机的转速-电压特性以及功率-电压特性,分析了其投切容量、位置分布、运行状况等因素对微型电网电压稳定性的影响。提出两种基于储能的电压稳定性控制策略,分析并对比了其对系统电压的改善作用。研究结果表明,出现阵风、渐变风等风速扰动时,储能能够有效抑制系统电压波动,确保微型电网的稳定运行;出现线路故障,故障清除时储能可以加快系统电压的恢复。