Research on Rurality Spatial Pattern of Jiangsu Province Based on County Scale in China

By taking 65 counties and cities of Jiangsu Province as empirical units, rurality indexes have been constructed based on regional urban-rural integration, and a quantitative evaluation has been conducted on the rurality of Jiangsu Province based on county scale. With the support of ArcGIS 9.3, GeoDA 095 and SPSS 16, by adopting Jenks best breakpoint classification and spatial autocorrelation analysis, quantitative analysis and research have been conducted on the spatial differentiation of rurality of Jiangsu Province. The results show that the rural difference of Jiangsu Province based on county scale is not remarkable, and the area with strong rurality takes a larger proportion; rurality increases from South Jiangsu to North Jiangsu progressively; rurality concentrates in general, seven counties and cities including Jiangyin and Kunshan City are "cold points" while seven counties and cities including Guanyun and Funing City are "hot points" of rurality.

Spatial Interpolation and Sample Size Optimization for Soil Copper(Cu) Investigation in Cropland Soil at County Scale Using Cokriging

Knowledge on spatial distribution and sampling size optimization of soil copper （Cu） could lay solid foundations for environmetal quality survey of agricultural soils at county scale. In this investigation, cokriging method was used to conduct the interpolation of Cu concentraiton in cropland soil in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province, China. Based on the original 623 physicochmically measured soil samples, 560, 498, and 432 sub-samples were randomly selected as target variable and soil organic matter （SOM） of the whole original samples as auxiliary variable. Interpolation results using Cokriging under different sampling numbers were evaluated for their applicability in estimating the spatial distribution of soil Cu at county sacle. The results showed that the root mean square error （RMSE） produced by Cokriging decreased from 0.9 to 7.77%, correlation coefficient between the predicted values and the measured increased from 1.76 to 9.76% in comparison with the ordinary Kriging under the corresponding sample sizes. The prediction accuracy using Cokriging was still higher than original 623 data using ordinary Kriging even as sample size reduced 10%, and their interpolation maps were highly in agreement. Therefore, Cokriging was proven to be a more accurate and economic method which could provide more information and benefit for the studies on spatial distribution of soil pollutants at county scale.

Evaluation of Social Vulnerability to Natural Disasters on a County Scale in Henan Province

Social vulnerability evaluation is of important significance to analyzing risks of natural disasters to human society and economy. By using expert investigation and AHP method,12 indicators from four aspects( population,economy,infrastructure and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity) are selected to assess social vulnerability to natural disasters on a county scale in Henan Province. The results show that the population vulnerability and economic vulnerability to natural disasters in the eastern region is generally higher than in the western region,while the areas with high infrastructure vulnerability are mainly located in the northwest; the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity in northwest is higher than in east and south,and this capacity of various districts is obviously higher than that of counties; in terms of the spatial pattern,social vulnerability to natural disasters is roughly higher in a belt from northeast to southwest,and lower on both sides of the belt. The results can provide scientific basis for disaster risk management and disaster prevention and mitigation planning in Henan Province.

Empirical Analysis on Dominant Agriculture in Agricultural Districts and Counties of Tianjin

At present,developing the dominant agriculture plays an essential role in promoting the agricultural modernization of Tianjin. Based on the theory of location quotient,this paper made a quantitative analysis of the dominant agriculture in the agricultural districts and counties of Tianjin. According to the analysis,it made a qualitative analysis of the factors. Finally,it determined the dominant agriculture of each agricultural district and county of Tianjin.

County scale spatial differential characteristics of cultivated land use grade: A case of Binchuan County

Land resource is the material foundation of human survival and economic development, and the cultivated land is the essence of land resources. This paper takes the county scale, by using the method of GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis unifies, to explore the quality of cultivated land in Binchuan County using level, and explain the utilization level of county cultivated land quality spatial differentiation characteristics. The results showed that:(1) in the quantity of cultivated land quality and utilization level, the average utilization of paddy land was greater than that of dry land, and the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land and so on. Among them, the paddy land ranged from grade 6 to 15, the average utilization was grade 11.6; dry land ranged from grade 2 to 11, the average utilization was grade 5.9; comprehensive range of cultivated land is grade 2 to 15, the average utilization was grade 8.1;(2) the quality of cultivated land utilization spatial differentiation. Paddy field, dry land and cultivated land and large value distribution in the central and southern, inverted V shape distribution; the smaller the value distribution in the East and West, a dumbbell shaped distribution. Among them, they don't use a larger value of paddy land distributed in the central, South and southwest, the maximum value is 14.3, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 7; the larger the value distribution by the dry land in the South and West, the maximum value is grade 10.2, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East. The minimum value is grade 2.3; the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land don't distributed larger value in the central, South and south-west, the maximum value is grade 12.7, the smaller the value distribution in the West and East, the minimum value is grade 3.5. This paper can provide scientific basis for the dynamic monitoring of cultivated land quality, the transformation of low yield farmland and the early warning of cultivated land pressure.

A Guide to the Open Cities(Counties,Cities and Districts)of Sichuan Province

Administrative divisions: ChengduMunicipality:Qingyang District, Jinjiang District,Wuhou District, Chenghua District, JinniuDistrict, Longquanyi District, QingbaijiangDistrict, Jintang County, Shuangliu County,Wenjiang County, Chongzhou City, XinduCounty, Dujiangyan City, Qionglai City,Pixian County, Pujiang County, XinjingCounty, Dayi County, Pengzhou

Spatial prediction of landslide for Badong County in the Three Gorges reservoir district

By using the landslide risk evaluating model and the advantages of GIS technology in image processing and space analysis, the relative landslide hazard and risk evaluating system of the new county site of Badong is built up. The system is mainly consisted of four subsystems： Information management subsystem, hazard as- sessment subsystem, vulnerability evaluation subsystem and risk prediction subsystem. In the system, landslide hazard assessment, vulnerability evaluation, risk predictions are carried out automatically based on irregular units. At last the landslide hazard and risk map of the study area is compiled. During the whole procedure, Matter-Element Model, Artificial Neural Network, ancl Information Model are used as assessment models. This system provides an effective way for the landslide hazard information management and risk prediction of each district in the Reservoir of Three Gorge Project. The result of the assessment can be a gist and ensure for the land planning and the emigration project in Badong.

The Differences between County,County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China

Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management,resource integration and optimal allocation,which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China.To clarify and compare differences between counties,county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development.This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities,as well as counties,county-level cities and municipal districts,from the aspects of organizational structure,urban construction planning,land management,finance,taxation and public services.The research shows that the establishment of counties,county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county(or county-level city)to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems,which has different management system and operation pattern.At the same time,the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a“double-edged sword”,we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted,and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.

Dual-objective pattern optimization method for land suitability zoning in mountain counties

As the basic administrative unit of China,counties have grown rapidly in recent years in the context of rapid urbanization,especially for counties located in mountainous areas.The drastic changes in land in mountainous areas can easily cause irreversible damage to the sensitive ecological environment.Through the dual-objective suitability zoning of ecological and construction balance,regional sustainable land use patterns can be realized.In this study,Hantai District in Southern Shaanxi province,China,was chosen as the research area aiming at creating a balance between ecological supply and the development of construction in spatial planning.A dual-objective process evaluation system for ecological protection and construction development was proposed with 15 resistance factors selected from three attributes:natural ecology,economic society,and policy.The minimum resistance surface discrimination methods for ecological land and construction development land were proposed based on vertical space superposition and horizontal minimum cumulative resistance models.Finally,the land in Hantai District was divided into four development grades from the optimal angle of dual goals,i.e.,the construction core zone being 134.56 km^(2),the suitable construction zone 115.77 km2,the ecological buffer zone 153.74 km^(2),and the ecological control zone 151.93 km^(2),using the method combining resistance difference and threshold division.In addition,the development direction of each town under jurisdiction was identified.This study compensates for the deficiency of traditional methods that evaluate land only from a single vertical or horizontal process.

区县级医院学科发展竞争力指标体系研究

目的:构建一套科学实用的区县级医院学科发展竞争力评价指标。方法:基于PEST+SWOT分析法探索区县级医院学科发展关键要素及其运行机制,初筛学科发展竞争力指标体系;运用德尔菲法开展两轮专家咨询确定指标体系及权重。结果:该指标体系包括一级指标4个维度(医院管理及综合实力、人才队伍建设、科研创新、教育培训)、二级指标16个、三级指标38个。两轮专家咨询积极系数均为100%,各指标评分变异系数CV值均<0.2,专家协调程度较高,专家权威系数分别为0.94和0.91;各指标第二轮专家评分均值>3.8,大多数指标得分4以上。结论:经专家反馈和统计检验,该指标体系具备科学性和实用性。

县域教育的兜底功能:社会基础与实现路径

县域教育深嵌在县域社会之中,既要承担一般化的教育功能,还要回应县域社会独特的教育需求。由于县域社会主要是乡村社会,当前乡村社会从整体走向碎片、农民家庭从完整走向分割、隔代教育的社会功能不齐全、教育城镇化加剧乡村学校衰败等社会变迁,使得县域教育中家庭主体、社会主体缺位,导致一些重要的教育功能无法实现,使县乡的孩子们的权利受到侵害,给其成长带来不良影响。为此,县乡学校要对县乡孩子们的教育进行权利和责任兜底。要实现教育兜底功能,县域教育就要集中力量办好乡校、县中及县域职业学校要向多中心教育目标转型,以确保县乡的孩子们有平等的机会和权利通过县域教育走出县乡,成为有知识、懂规范、人格健全、适应社会的人。

广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心的现状调查

目的调研广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心现实情况,为本省院感质控中心对县区级院感质量控制中心质控管理方案的制定提供参考依据,并探讨相应的管理对策。方法通过问卷星问卷调查平台对广东省2023年12月31日前成立的县区级质控中心进行调研,内容包括医院感染管理专业质控中心的成立时间、人员架构、信息化水平、管理、质控及培训工作情况等。结果广东省有68家县区级院感质控中心,覆盖率达50.37%,近五年成立的占95.59%。专家以临床和护理为主(分别占23.75%、62.97%),学历以本科为主(占71.06%)。仅13%有运行经费。39家已建医院感染信息化监测,23家未配备,6家在建。20家进行质控督导出具质控报告,占29.41%;41家举办培训,占60.29%。结论广东省医院感染管理质量控制组织体系县区级覆盖率正在稳步提升,但是未完全覆盖所有县区,缺乏政策、经费支持,人员配备、人员专业覆盖面不足。卫生健康行政部门及县区级院感质控中心需统一监测标准、质控规范及考核评价方案,提升院感质控能力,完善“四级”管理与培训体系,以有效推动提升基层医疗机构的质量安全管理水平。

西藏札达日乌孜细石器地点石制品研究

本文采用类型学、数量统计等方法,对2019年在西藏札达县日乌孜细石器地点调查中所获得的石制品进行了研究。通过分析可知,其石制品类型包括普通石核、楔形细石核、锥形细石核、石叶、细石叶、尖状器、石锥、砍砸器及各类刮削器等,属典型细石器遗存。根据文化内涵及特征,推断日乌孜细石器地点为一处古人类的临时石器加工场所,年代可能处于全新世大暖期的鼎盛阶段,即距今7200~6000年之间。本项研究详细揭示了日乌孜细石器地点的文化面貌,有利于推动西藏西部的细石器研究走向深入。

撤县设区、空间一致性与县域经济发展

县域经济是我国实现城镇化发展的主战场。本文利用夜间灯光数据代理县域经济发展水平,突破统计数据受制于行政区划的空间限制,获得空间一致且跨时间可比的县域经济衡量指标。这不仅可避免因使用统计数据可能导致的可塑性面积单元问题,还可以同时分析“撤县设区”对县(市)和市辖区的影响,为“撤县设区”的研究提供更细致完整的图景。研究发现:“撤县设区”改革无论对被撤并县(市),还是对原市辖区的经济发展均未产生显著影响。原因在于,尽管“撤县设区”能够促进县域企业吸收更多人力资本,但却显著降低了企业的固定资产净投资和全要素生产率,这在一定程度上解释了为何“撤县设区”改革不能显著推动县域经济发展的原因。

为什么国家严控撤县设区:基于粮食安全的新解释

撤县设区是我国推进新型城镇化建设的重要行政区划调整政策。但2021年以来,国家多次表态要严控撤县设区。将撤县设区政策视为准自然实验,基于2000—2019年县域经济社会数据,运用多期DID、PSM-DID、CMP模型、中介效应模型等分析了撤县设区政策对粮食生产和粮食安全的影响及作用机制,从粮食安全视角对国家严控撤县设区的合理性进行了论证。研究发现:首先,撤县设区政策不利于粮食生产和粮食安全,这一结论在更换回归模型、更换被解释变量、调整样本量等检验后仍然稳健,而且这种负面影响存在长期性;其次,撤县设区政策通过农业生产要素重新配置和“政府注意力”转移两个方面对粮食安全产生负面影响;最后,这种负面影响还存在地区异质性,撤县设区对非粮食生产核心区的负面影响更加显著,导致粮食安全责任进一步失衡。建议谨慎推进撤县设区,平衡不同省份粮食安全责任,有序推进县域粮食综合生产能力提升。

住宅小区理想规模的模型探究——基于共有空间社会密度的视角

住宅小区内共有空间的社会密度会对居民间的邻里交往产生显著影响。为保证住宅小区共有空间资源的数量和品质,在第Ⅲ建筑气候区条件下建立小区模型,对不同类型小区的共有空间进行分析。结果显示,随着小区内建筑平均层数的增加,户均共有空间资源的数量逐渐减少,共有空间的品质在空间尺度、围合度、私密性等维度上显著降低。基于模型研究结果和城市对土地利用的要求,进而提出住宅小区的理想规模为3~4 hm2,住宅平均层数宜为5~8层,而当确有需要建设高层住宅时,住宅平均层数也不宜超过14层。

湖南省创新型县(市、区)创新能力评价——基于综合赋权的障碍因子诊断

为贯彻国务院关于县域创新驱动发展相关政策,湖南省于2019启动了创新型县(市、区)培育建设,符合各地自身特色的创新道路被逐渐发掘,而其中资源配置、发展质量等问题则急需有效的评价。基于湖南地域特点与经济基础,从创新投入、企业创新、创新环境、创新绩效4个维度,结合专家评分法、熵权法、综合赋权法确定指标权重,运用多因素综合评价法对湖南省14个省级创新型县(市、区)的创新能力进行较为全面的评价分析,利用主客观结合的赋权方法构建指标体系并进行障碍因子诊断,对现有的湖南省内创新型县(市、区)建设情况及其创新能力、障碍因素进行综合性评价,并提出相应的对策建议。

行政区划调整与城市空间结构演化——基于撤县设区的视角

在新型城镇化建设对城市紧凑集约发展提出更高要求的背景下,探讨行政区划调整对城市空间结构的影响具有重要意义。基于2000—2016年全国范围内演进的撤县设区数据,深入考察了撤县设区带来的城市空间结构演化效应的研究发现:(1)撤县设区促使了城市空间形态松散化和内部低密度发展,该结论在考虑多种指标、方法以及政策滞后效应之后仍成立。(2)撤县设区政策对东部城市的空间结构松散化影响更强,且不利于其发挥中心集聚优势;相比于建设规制较弱的城市,规制较强的城市受到撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更为显著。(3)进一步研究表明,自主选择型撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更加明显,而顺应融入型撤县设区则会在一定程度上促进城市空间结构趋于紧凑化。

贵州省健康县(区)建设及发展路径探析

健康县(区)建设是落实健康中国战略的重要举措。本文概述了近年来贵州省开展健康县(区)建设工作的主要策略与取得的经验成果,分析建设工作存在的问题和不足,提出工作思考与建议,为高质量开展健康县(区)建设、助力健康中国和乡村振兴战略提供参考。