Objective:This study aims to explore the effect of swimming athletes’burnout on their sports motivation in Hunan University,China.It seeks to understand how burnout influences various motivational factors,providing i...Objective:This study aims to explore the effect of swimming athletes’burnout on their sports motivation in Hunan University,China.It seeks to understand how burnout influences various motivational factors,providing insights for optimizing swimming sports courses and enhancing student participation.Method:Employing random sampling,the study surveyed 260 swimming athletes from Hunan University.The research utilized a questionnaire divided into three parts:demographic information,the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire(ABQ),and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory(IMI).Pearson’s r correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS to examine the relationships between burnout dimensions and motivational factors.Results:The study found significant correlations between a reduced sense of accomplishment and various motivational dimensions,including“interest/enjoyment,”“perceived competence,”“perceived choice,”and particularly“perceived tension.”Physical exhaustion showed a significant correlation only with“perceived tension,”indicating a strong link between psychological stress and physical fatigue.Sports devaluation was significantly correlated with“perceived tension,”suggesting that psychological stress impacts athletes’valuation of their sport.Conclusion:The findings highlight the complex interplay between burnout and motivation in swimming athletes.Psychological stress,as indicated by“perceived tension,”emerges as a key factor influencing both the physical and emotional aspects of burnout.The study underscores the need for holistic training approaches that balance physical training with psychological well-being,personalized coaching,and supportive environments to enhance intrinsic motivation and manage stress effectively.展开更多
Pre-partecipation screening is the systematic practice of medically evaluating large populations of athletes before participation in sport activities for the purpose of identifying abnormalities that could cause disea...Pre-partecipation screening is the systematic practice of medically evaluating large populations of athletes before participation in sport activities for the purpose of identifying abnormalities that could cause disease progression or sudden death.In order to prevent sudden cardiac death(SCD),cardiovascular screening should include a strategy for excluding high-risk subjects from athletic and vigorous exercise.There are two major screening programmes in the world.In the United States competitive athletes are screened by means of family and personal history and physical examination.In Italy there is a mandatory screening for competitive athletes,which includes a resting electrocardiogram(ECG)for the detection of cardiac abnormalities.The most important issue to be addressed is whether a screened subject is really guaranteed that she/he is not suffering from any cardiac disease or at risk for SCD.Conceivably,the introduction of echocardiogram during the pre-participation screening,could be reasonable,despite the discrete sensitivity of ECG,in raising clinical suspicions of severe cardiac alterations predisposing to SCD.It is clear that the costbenefit ratio per saved lives of the ECG screening is abenchmark of the Public Health policy.On the contrary,the additional introduction of echocardiography in a large population screening programme seems to be too much expansive for the Public Health and for this reason not easily practicable,even if useful and not invasive.Even if we strongly believe that a saved life is more important than any cost-efficacy evaluation,the issue of the economical impact of this approach should be further assessed.展开更多
Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community resi...Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community residents and tourists and between community residents themselves as guidance,it built an interest relation model for community participating in rural tourism. Besides,it elaborated non-cooperative relation and their interest pattern for stakeholders of rural tourism,and discussed behavior interaction process and results of core stakeholders of rural tourism. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for harmonious and healthy development of rural tourism.展开更多
We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies:cooperators,defectors,punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate are ...We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies:cooperators,defectors,punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate are considered.By adopting approximate best response dynamics,we show that the magnitude of rationality not only quantitatively explains the experiment results in[Nature(London) 425(2003) 390],but also it will heavily influence the evolution of cooperation.Compared with previous results of infinite populations,which result in two equilibriums, we show that there merely exists a special equilibrium and the relevant high value of bounded rationality will sustain cooperation.In addition,we characterize that loner’s payoff plays an active role in the maintenance of cooperation, which will only be warranted for the low and moderate values of loner’s payoff.It thus indicates the effects of rationality and loner’s payoff will influence the cooperation.Finally,we highlight the important result that the introduction of voluntary participation and punishment will facilitate cooperation greatly.展开更多
The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect o...The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect of long-term athletic participation on academic performance remains unclear.Using a longitudinal data of 220 students from a high school in eastern Massachusetts of the United States,this study has revealed that athletic participants in this school started with a statistically significant higher GPA than non-participants in the first year of study,and have continued to be higher in the following two years,lag behind significantly,however,in academic achievement growth from their nonparticipation counterparts.The results of the study call for thoughtful decision-making regarding sports programs and athletic policies,proper guidance and adequate support for athletes and an optimal sport-academic culture in American high schools.展开更多
文摘Objective:This study aims to explore the effect of swimming athletes’burnout on their sports motivation in Hunan University,China.It seeks to understand how burnout influences various motivational factors,providing insights for optimizing swimming sports courses and enhancing student participation.Method:Employing random sampling,the study surveyed 260 swimming athletes from Hunan University.The research utilized a questionnaire divided into three parts:demographic information,the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire(ABQ),and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory(IMI).Pearson’s r correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS to examine the relationships between burnout dimensions and motivational factors.Results:The study found significant correlations between a reduced sense of accomplishment and various motivational dimensions,including“interest/enjoyment,”“perceived competence,”“perceived choice,”and particularly“perceived tension.”Physical exhaustion showed a significant correlation only with“perceived tension,”indicating a strong link between psychological stress and physical fatigue.Sports devaluation was significantly correlated with“perceived tension,”suggesting that psychological stress impacts athletes’valuation of their sport.Conclusion:The findings highlight the complex interplay between burnout and motivation in swimming athletes.Psychological stress,as indicated by“perceived tension,”emerges as a key factor influencing both the physical and emotional aspects of burnout.The study underscores the need for holistic training approaches that balance physical training with psychological well-being,personalized coaching,and supportive environments to enhance intrinsic motivation and manage stress effectively.
文摘Pre-partecipation screening is the systematic practice of medically evaluating large populations of athletes before participation in sport activities for the purpose of identifying abnormalities that could cause disease progression or sudden death.In order to prevent sudden cardiac death(SCD),cardiovascular screening should include a strategy for excluding high-risk subjects from athletic and vigorous exercise.There are two major screening programmes in the world.In the United States competitive athletes are screened by means of family and personal history and physical examination.In Italy there is a mandatory screening for competitive athletes,which includes a resting electrocardiogram(ECG)for the detection of cardiac abnormalities.The most important issue to be addressed is whether a screened subject is really guaranteed that she/he is not suffering from any cardiac disease or at risk for SCD.Conceivably,the introduction of echocardiogram during the pre-participation screening,could be reasonable,despite the discrete sensitivity of ECG,in raising clinical suspicions of severe cardiac alterations predisposing to SCD.It is clear that the costbenefit ratio per saved lives of the ECG screening is abenchmark of the Public Health policy.On the contrary,the additional introduction of echocardiography in a large population screening programme seems to be too much expansive for the Public Health and for this reason not easily practicable,even if useful and not invasive.Even if we strongly believe that a saved life is more important than any cost-efficacy evaluation,the issue of the economical impact of this approach should be further assessed.
文摘Community residents play an important role in the development of rural tourism. Taking the interest demands of stakeholders and non-cooperative game process as main line,the conflict of interest between community residents and tourists and between community residents themselves as guidance,it built an interest relation model for community participating in rural tourism. Besides,it elaborated non-cooperative relation and their interest pattern for stakeholders of rural tourism,and discussed behavior interaction process and results of core stakeholders of rural tourism. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for harmonious and healthy development of rural tourism.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation under Grant No.60904063the Tianjin municipal Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos.11JCYBJC06600,11ZCKF6X00900,11ZCKFGX00900
文摘We investigate the evolution of cooperation with evolutionary public goods games based on finite populations, where four pure strategies:cooperators,defectors,punishers and loners who are unwilling to participate are considered.By adopting approximate best response dynamics,we show that the magnitude of rationality not only quantitatively explains the experiment results in[Nature(London) 425(2003) 390],but also it will heavily influence the evolution of cooperation.Compared with previous results of infinite populations,which result in two equilibriums, we show that there merely exists a special equilibrium and the relevant high value of bounded rationality will sustain cooperation.In addition,we characterize that loner’s payoff plays an active role in the maintenance of cooperation, which will only be warranted for the low and moderate values of loner’s payoff.It thus indicates the effects of rationality and loner’s payoff will influence the cooperation.Finally,we highlight the important result that the introduction of voluntary participation and punishment will facilitate cooperation greatly.
文摘The majority of extant research studies have established that high school students’athletic participation is positively associated with several educational outcomes,including academic performance.However,the effect of long-term athletic participation on academic performance remains unclear.Using a longitudinal data of 220 students from a high school in eastern Massachusetts of the United States,this study has revealed that athletic participants in this school started with a statistically significant higher GPA than non-participants in the first year of study,and have continued to be higher in the following two years,lag behind significantly,however,in academic achievement growth from their nonparticipation counterparts.The results of the study call for thoughtful decision-making regarding sports programs and athletic policies,proper guidance and adequate support for athletes and an optimal sport-academic culture in American high schools.
