In order to provide anatomical basis for transoral approach （TOA） in dealing with the ventro lesions of craniocervical junction, and the design and application of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint, microsurgical dis...In order to provide anatomical basis for transoral approach （TOA） in dealing with the ventro lesions of craniocervical junction, and the design and application of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint, microsurgical dissecting was performed on 8 fresh craniocervical specimens layer by layer through transoropharyngeal approach. The stratification of posterior pharyngeal wall, course of vertebral artery, adjacent relationship of atlas and axis and correlative anatomical parameters of replacement of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint were observed. Besides, 32 sets of atlanto-axial joint in adults＇ fresh bony specimens were measured with a digital caliper and a goniometer, including the width of bony window of anterior arch of atlas, the .width of bony window of axis vertebra, the distance between superior and inferior two atlas screw inserting points, the distance between two axis screw inserting points etc. It was found that the width of atlas and axis which could be exposed were 40.2±3.5 mm and 39.3±3.7 mm respectively. The width and height of posterior pharyngeal wall which could be exposed were 40.1±5.2 mm and 50.2±4.6 mm respectively. The distance between superior and inferior two atlas screw inserting points was 28.0±2.9 mm and 24.0±3.5 mm respectively, and the distance of bilateral axis screw inserting points was 18.0±1.2 mm. The operative exposure position through TOA ranged from inferior part of the clivus to the superior part of the C3 vertebral body. Posterior pharyngeal wall consisted of 5 layers and two interspaces： mucosa, submucosa, superficial muscular layer, anterior fascia of vertebrae, anterior muscular layer of vertebrae and posterior interspace of pharynx, anterior interspace of vertebrae. This study revealed that it had the advantages of short operative distance, good exposure and sufficient decompression in dealing with the ventro lesions from the upper cervical to the lower clivus through the TOA. The replacement of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint is suitable and feasible. The design of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint should be based on the above data.展开更多
文摘In order to provide anatomical basis for transoral approach （TOA） in dealing with the ventro lesions of craniocervical junction, and the design and application of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint, microsurgical dissecting was performed on 8 fresh craniocervical specimens layer by layer through transoropharyngeal approach. The stratification of posterior pharyngeal wall, course of vertebral artery, adjacent relationship of atlas and axis and correlative anatomical parameters of replacement of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint were observed. Besides, 32 sets of atlanto-axial joint in adults＇ fresh bony specimens were measured with a digital caliper and a goniometer, including the width of bony window of anterior arch of atlas, the .width of bony window of axis vertebra, the distance between superior and inferior two atlas screw inserting points, the distance between two axis screw inserting points etc. It was found that the width of atlas and axis which could be exposed were 40.2±3.5 mm and 39.3±3.7 mm respectively. The width and height of posterior pharyngeal wall which could be exposed were 40.1±5.2 mm and 50.2±4.6 mm respectively. The distance between superior and inferior two atlas screw inserting points was 28.0±2.9 mm and 24.0±3.5 mm respectively, and the distance of bilateral axis screw inserting points was 18.0±1.2 mm. The operative exposure position through TOA ranged from inferior part of the clivus to the superior part of the C3 vertebral body. Posterior pharyngeal wall consisted of 5 layers and two interspaces： mucosa, submucosa, superficial muscular layer, anterior fascia of vertebrae, anterior muscular layer of vertebrae and posterior interspace of pharynx, anterior interspace of vertebrae. This study revealed that it had the advantages of short operative distance, good exposure and sufficient decompression in dealing with the ventro lesions from the upper cervical to the lower clivus through the TOA. The replacement of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint is suitable and feasible. The design of artificial atlanto-odontoid joint should be based on the above data.
文摘目的 :通过测量分析正常寰枢关节在多层螺旋CT中立位及旋转功能位的各种影像征象,为临床准确诊断寰枢关节旋转半脱位提供量化标准。方法:对51例正常志愿者进行中立位、左右尽力旋转位扫描,观察测量寰齿前间隙(atlanto dental interval,ADI),齿突侧块间隙(lateral atlanta dental space,LADS),齿突侧块间距差值(VBLADS)及寰枢椎相对旋转角度(rotating angle of atlas on dentate,RAAD),分析比较各影像表现及解剖学特点。将51例正常志愿者分为年龄<45岁及年龄≥45岁两组,比较不同年龄段人群VBLADS及RAAD的变化及进行相关性分析。结果:51例正常志愿者通过三维重建软件显示中立位寰枢外侧关节基本对称,齿突侧块间隙不对称者40例,占78.4%。中立位齿突偏移角度范围为(3.22±0.89)°,尽力旋转位寰枢椎(atlanto axial joint)外侧关节面呈旋转性关节面移位,相对旋转角度范围为(33.85±2.79)°。通过配对资料相关性分析得出在一定范围内寰枢椎相对旋转角度与VBLADS无相关性。<45岁及≥45岁尽力旋转位时寰枢椎相对旋转角度之间差异有统计学意义。结论:多层螺旋CT旋转功能位能清楚显示寰枢区的解剖结构及旋转功能,为诊断寰枢关节旋转半脱位提供理论依据。
