Cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)have shown great applicability in agriculture.Many kinds of CAP sources have been studied in agricultural applications to promote plant growth and cure plant diseases.We briefly review th...Cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)have shown great applicability in agriculture.Many kinds of CAP sources have been studied in agricultural applications to promote plant growth and cure plant diseases.We briefly review the state-of-the-art stimulating effects of atmospheric-pressure dielectricbarrier-discharge(AP-DBD)plasmas,after the direct or indirect treatment of plants for growth promotion and disease control.We then discuss the special demands on the characteristics of the CAP sources for their applications in plant mutation breeding.An atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP)jet generator with a large plasma irradiation area,a high enough concentration of chemically reactive species and a low gas temperature is designed for direct plant mutagenesis.Experimental measurements of the electrical,thermal and optical features of the ARTP generator are conducted.Then,an ARTP-P(ARTP for plant mutagenesis)mutation breeding machine is developed,and a typical case of plant mutation breeding by the ARTP-P mutation machine is presented using Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.Physical and agricultural experiments show that the newly-developed ARTP-P mutation breeding machine with a large irradiation area can generate uniform CAP jets with high concentrations of chemically reactive species and mild gas temperatures,and have signiflcant mutagenesis effects on the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.The ARTP-P mutation breeding machine may provide a platform for systematic studies on mutation mechanisms and results for various plant seeds under different operating conditions in future research.展开更多
以实验室保藏的节杆菌属菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH为出发菌株,经常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变选育后,筛选到一株以淀粉为原料Tre Y-Tre Z途径生产海藻糖的高产突变菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH-52。该...以实验室保藏的节杆菌属菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH为出发菌株,经常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变选育后,筛选到一株以淀粉为原料Tre Y-Tre Z途径生产海藻糖的高产突变菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH-52。该突变菌株酶催化能力达到129.6 U/m L,比出发菌株提高了46.1%。对菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH-52的酶促反应条件进行优化,结果表明,酶促反应最适温度45℃,最适反应时间30 h,最适初始p H 6.5,最适底物为浓度20%的淀粉液化液(DE值为11.9)。经酶促反应优化后,采用未经纯化的粗酶液进行催化,转化率达到37.6%。实验结果表明ARTP诱变是选育高酶活海藻糖生产菌的有效方法,研究结果对工业化生产海藻糖具有一定的借鉴价值。展开更多
In order to improve leaching efficiency of vanadium from stone coal,the combination of blank roasting and bioleaching using Bacillus mucilaginosus(B.mucilaginosus)mutants was evaluated.The atmospheric and room tempera...In order to improve leaching efficiency of vanadium from stone coal,the combination of blank roasting and bioleaching using Bacillus mucilaginosus(B.mucilaginosus)mutants was evaluated.The atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP)technique was used to generate B.mucilaginosus mutants.The results showed that a mutant B.mucilaginosus BM-50,after ARTP irradiation for 50 s,had the highest acid production.The total content of the organic acid produced by B.mucilaginosus BM-50 was nearly doubled compared with the wild strain after 2 days.After 20 days,vanadium leaching rate with B.mucilaginosus BM-50 reached 18.2%,which was improved compared with the original bacteria(15.3%).A pretreatment via blank roasting for stone coal further improved the vanadium dissolution by bioleaching,namely,68.3%vanadium was extracted,which was much higher than that without blank roasting.It is shown that bioleaching by bacterial mutants by ARTP irradiation combined with blank roasting has great potential for improving vanadium recovery from low-grade vanadium bearing stone coal.展开更多
为获得高性能的金龟子绿僵菌菌株,本研究采用常压室温等离子体(Atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)和紫外线复合诱变处理金龟子绿僵菌,通过比较产孢快慢和生长直径大小进行初筛,用抗紫外能力和毒力作为复筛指标选育菌株,并...为获得高性能的金龟子绿僵菌菌株,本研究采用常压室温等离子体(Atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)和紫外线复合诱变处理金龟子绿僵菌,通过比较产孢快慢和生长直径大小进行初筛,用抗紫外能力和毒力作为复筛指标选育菌株,并对育种获得的突变株进行耐热性和遗传稳定性试验,最终在ARTP 40 s和紫外120 s时筛选出一株产孢量高、耐紫外线、毒力强、遗传稳定的优良菌株AU34。该菌株产孢时间比原始菌株快,产孢量为1.63±0.22(108 cell/cm^2),较原始菌株提高了63.81%。经紫外照射5 min后,AU34存活率为3.18%,比原始菌株更耐紫外照射。并且AU34对小菜蛾的毒力强,校正死亡率为85.71%,半数致死时间(Half-lethal time,LT 50)为6.12 d。与原始菌株相比,AU34的耐热性也有较大提高。传代培养6代后,菌株AU34的产孢量无明显变化,具有良好的遗传稳定性。展开更多
为达到同步糖化发酵(simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,SSF)中菌株高温耐受能力提升的目的,该文以实验室保藏的马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)GX-UN120为出发菌株,采用常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and roo...为达到同步糖化发酵(simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,SSF)中菌株高温耐受能力提升的目的,该文以实验室保藏的马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)GX-UN120为出发菌株,采用常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变技术,结合高温胁迫筛选获得1株具有较好耐高温能力和产乙醇能力的菌株GX-UN127。结果表明,诱变菌株GX-UN127在48℃培养72 h,OD_(600)可达到1.27(原始菌株无法生长)。同时,当以100 g/L麸皮为原料,45℃SSF 12 h,诱变菌株GX-UN127发酵乙醇的产量可达7.6 g/L,较出发菌株提升15.2%。在此基础上,结合生理指标和代谢组学进一步探究诱变菌株耐受高温的生理机制,研究表明半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢等代谢途径与诱变菌株GX-UN127的更强高温耐受性密切相关。此诱变选育耐高温马克斯克鲁维酵母菌株的方案可行,为该类菌株进行SSF生产燃料乙醇提供理论支持。展开更多
Steroid medication is used extensively in clinical applications and comprises a large and vital part of the pharmaceutical industry. However, the difficulty of separating 4-androstene-3,17-dione （AD） from 1,4-andros...Steroid medication is used extensively in clinical applications and comprises a large and vital part of the pharmaceutical industry. However, the difficulty of separating 4-androstene-3,17-dione （AD） from 1,4-androstadiene- 3,17-dione （ADD） restricts the application of the microbial transformation of phytosterols in the industry. A novel at- mospheric and room temperature plasma （ARTP） treatment, which employs helium as the working gas, was used to generate Mycobacterium neoaurum mutants producing large amounts of AD. After treatment of cultures with ARTP, four mutants were selected using a novel screening method with a color assay. Among the mutants, M. neoaurum ZADF-4 was considered the best candidate for industrial application. When the fermentation medium contained 15 g/L phytosterols and was cultivated on a rotary shaker at 160 r/min at 30 ~C for 7 d, （6.28＋0.11） g/L of AD and （0.82＋0.05） g/L of ADD were produced by the ZADF-4 mutant, compared with （4.83＋0.13） g/L of AD and （2.34＋0.06） g/L of ADD by the original strain, Iv~. neoaururn ZAD. Compared with ZAD, the molar yield of AD increased from 48.3% to 60.3% in the ZADF-4 mutant. This result indicates that ZADF-4 may have potential for industrial production of AD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFD0102106)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11475103,21627812)。
文摘Cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)have shown great applicability in agriculture.Many kinds of CAP sources have been studied in agricultural applications to promote plant growth and cure plant diseases.We briefly review the state-of-the-art stimulating effects of atmospheric-pressure dielectricbarrier-discharge(AP-DBD)plasmas,after the direct or indirect treatment of plants for growth promotion and disease control.We then discuss the special demands on the characteristics of the CAP sources for their applications in plant mutation breeding.An atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP)jet generator with a large plasma irradiation area,a high enough concentration of chemically reactive species and a low gas temperature is designed for direct plant mutagenesis.Experimental measurements of the electrical,thermal and optical features of the ARTP generator are conducted.Then,an ARTP-P(ARTP for plant mutagenesis)mutation breeding machine is developed,and a typical case of plant mutation breeding by the ARTP-P mutation machine is presented using Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.Physical and agricultural experiments show that the newly-developed ARTP-P mutation breeding machine with a large irradiation area can generate uniform CAP jets with high concentrations of chemically reactive species and mild gas temperatures,and have signiflcant mutagenesis effects on the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.The ARTP-P mutation breeding machine may provide a platform for systematic studies on mutation mechanisms and results for various plant seeds under different operating conditions in future research.
文摘以实验室保藏的节杆菌属菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH为出发菌株,经常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变选育后,筛选到一株以淀粉为原料Tre Y-Tre Z途径生产海藻糖的高产突变菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH-52。该突变菌株酶催化能力达到129.6 U/m L,比出发菌株提高了46.1%。对菌株Arthrobacter sp.SH-52的酶促反应条件进行优化,结果表明,酶促反应最适温度45℃,最适反应时间30 h,最适初始p H 6.5,最适底物为浓度20%的淀粉液化液(DE值为11.9)。经酶促反应优化后,采用未经纯化的粗酶液进行催化,转化率达到37.6%。实验结果表明ARTP诱变是选育高酶活海藻糖生产菌的有效方法,研究结果对工业化生产海藻糖具有一定的借鉴价值。
基金Project(2015ZX07205003)supported by Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China
文摘In order to improve leaching efficiency of vanadium from stone coal,the combination of blank roasting and bioleaching using Bacillus mucilaginosus(B.mucilaginosus)mutants was evaluated.The atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP)technique was used to generate B.mucilaginosus mutants.The results showed that a mutant B.mucilaginosus BM-50,after ARTP irradiation for 50 s,had the highest acid production.The total content of the organic acid produced by B.mucilaginosus BM-50 was nearly doubled compared with the wild strain after 2 days.After 20 days,vanadium leaching rate with B.mucilaginosus BM-50 reached 18.2%,which was improved compared with the original bacteria(15.3%).A pretreatment via blank roasting for stone coal further improved the vanadium dissolution by bioleaching,namely,68.3%vanadium was extracted,which was much higher than that without blank roasting.It is shown that bioleaching by bacterial mutants by ARTP irradiation combined with blank roasting has great potential for improving vanadium recovery from low-grade vanadium bearing stone coal.
文摘为达到同步糖化发酵(simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,SSF)中菌株高温耐受能力提升的目的,该文以实验室保藏的马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)GX-UN120为出发菌株,采用常压室温等离子体(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)诱变技术,结合高温胁迫筛选获得1株具有较好耐高温能力和产乙醇能力的菌株GX-UN127。结果表明,诱变菌株GX-UN127在48℃培养72 h,OD_(600)可达到1.27(原始菌株无法生长)。同时,当以100 g/L麸皮为原料,45℃SSF 12 h,诱变菌株GX-UN127发酵乙醇的产量可达7.6 g/L,较出发菌株提升15.2%。在此基础上,结合生理指标和代谢组学进一步探究诱变菌株耐受高温的生理机制,研究表明半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢等代谢途径与诱变菌株GX-UN127的更强高温耐受性密切相关。此诱变选育耐高温马克斯克鲁维酵母菌株的方案可行,为该类菌株进行SSF生产燃料乙醇提供理论支持。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2012CB725202)the National High-Tech R&D Program(863)of China(No.2011AA02A211)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21276110)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.JUSRP51306A and JUSRP11545)the National 111 Project of China’s Higher Education(No.111-2-06)the Program of the Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,China(No.KLIB-KF201406)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China
文摘Steroid medication is used extensively in clinical applications and comprises a large and vital part of the pharmaceutical industry. However, the difficulty of separating 4-androstene-3,17-dione （AD） from 1,4-androstadiene- 3,17-dione （ADD） restricts the application of the microbial transformation of phytosterols in the industry. A novel at- mospheric and room temperature plasma （ARTP） treatment, which employs helium as the working gas, was used to generate Mycobacterium neoaurum mutants producing large amounts of AD. After treatment of cultures with ARTP, four mutants were selected using a novel screening method with a color assay. Among the mutants, M. neoaurum ZADF-4 was considered the best candidate for industrial application. When the fermentation medium contained 15 g/L phytosterols and was cultivated on a rotary shaker at 160 r/min at 30 ~C for 7 d, （6.28＋0.11） g/L of AD and （0.82＋0.05） g/L of ADD were produced by the ZADF-4 mutant, compared with （4.83＋0.13） g/L of AD and （2.34＋0.06） g/L of ADD by the original strain, Iv~. neoaururn ZAD. Compared with ZAD, the molar yield of AD increased from 48.3% to 60.3% in the ZADF-4 mutant. This result indicates that ZADF-4 may have potential for industrial production of AD.
