Further analysis of scintillation index for a laser beam propagating through moderate-to-strong non-Kolmogorov turbulence based on generalized effective atmospheric spectral model

A new expression of the scintillation index （SI） for a Gaussian-beam wave propagating through moderate-to-strong non-Kolmogorov turbulence is derived, using a generalized effective atmospheric spectrum and the extended Rytov approx- imation theory. Finite inner and outer scale parameters and high wave number ＂bump＂ are considered in the spectrum with a generalized spectral power law in the range of 3-4, instead of the fixed classical Kolmogorov power law of 11/3. The obtained SI expression is then used to analyze the effects of the spectral power law and the inner scale and outer scale on SI under various non-Kolmogorov fluctuation conditions. These results will be useful in future investigations of optical wave propagation through atmospheric turbulence.

Study on the Model between the Occurrence Area of Grasshopper and the Characteristic Quantity Indexes of Atmospheric Circulation in Western Aletai

By analyzing the correlation between the occurrence area of grasshopper and 74 characteristic indexes of atmospheric circulation in western Aletai from 1991 to 2008,the atmospheric circulation factors which had the significant relationship with the occurrence area of grasshopper in different counties were screened.The prediction models for the occurrence area of grasshopper in different counties were established by stepwise regression method,and the models obtained were also tested.These models were subsequently utilized to carry out extended prediction on the occurrence area of grasshopper in different counties of western Aletai from 2009 to 2010.Meanwhile,the relationship between the atmospheric circulation factors and the occurrence area of grasshopper were analyzed.The results provided the theoretical basis for the prediction on grasshopper plague.

《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》Index to Vol.30

A. P. LINGASWAMY; see B. S. K. REDDY et al.; （1）, 235-246 AN Junling; LI Ying; CHEN Yong; LI Jian; QU Yu; TANG Yujia; Enhancements of Major Aerosol Components Due to Additional HONO Sources in the North China Plain and Implications for Visi- bility and Haze; （1）, 57-66

Profile and Character of Atmospheric Structure Constant of Refractive Index C_n^2

Random fluctuations of turbulence bring random fluctuations of the refractive index, making the atmosphere a random fluctuation medium that destroys the coherence of light-waves. Research in atmospheric turbulence is actually the investigation of the atmospheric refractive index. The atmospheric structure constant of refractive index, C n 2 , is an important parameter denoting atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, C n 2 is measured during the day and at night and in all four seasons using a high sensitivity micro-thermal meter QHTP-2. The vertical profile of C n 2 in Hefei (0-30 km) is investigated by the analysis of experimental data. The average profile of C n 2 in Hefei exhibits conspicuous day and night differences with increased altitude. The distribution of log(C n 2 ) is nearly normal and has conspicuous seasonal differences.

Drought variability and its connection with large-scale atmospheric circulations in Haihe River Basin

Drought is one of the most widespread and devastating extreme climate events when water availability is significantly below normal levels for a long period.In recent years,the Haihe River Basin has been threatened by intensified droughts.Therefore,characterization of droughts in the basin is of great importance for sustainable water resources management.In this study,two multi-scalar drought indices,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)with potential evapotranspiration calculated by the PenmaneMonteith equation and the standardized precipitation index(SPI),were used to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations of drought characteristics from 1961 to 2017 in the Haihe River Basin.In addition,the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns were used to further explore the potential links between drought trends and climatic anomalies.An increasing tendency in drought duration was detected over the Haihe River Basin with frequent drought events occurring in the period from 1997 to 2003.The results derived from both SPEI and SPI demonstrated that summer droughts were significantly intensified.The analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns indicated that the intensified summer droughts could be attributed to the positive geopotential height anomalies in Asian mid-high latitudes and the insufficient water vapor fluxes transported from the south.©2021 Hohai University.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

A kind of informationon short-term and imminent earthquake precursors-research on atmospheric electric field anomalies before earthquakes

The long time practice of observational research on earthquake prediction has shown that the information on shortterm and imminent earthquake precursors can hardly be detected, but it is very important for practical and effective earthquake prediction. The result of analysis and study in this paper has shown that the anomaly of quasi static atmospheric electric field may be a kind of reliable information on short term and imminent earthquake precursors.On such a basis, the 20 years′ continuous and reliable data of atmospheric electric field observed at the Baijiatuan seismic station are used to study the correlation between the anomalies in seismic activity and relative quiet periods bear on the occurrence of near earthquakes within 200 km range around Beijing after the Tangshan earthquake. The observational results recently reported before hand in written form and earthquakes that actually occurred in near field in corresponding time periods are compared and analyzed. The efficacy of these written prediction opinions about near earthquakes in the recent 10 years is tested. From the test results, the brilliant prospect that the anomaly of quasi static atmospheric electric field may really become a reliable mark for making short term and imminent earthquake predictions is discussed. Besides, as a preliminary step, some judgment indexes for predicting earthquakes by use of the observational data of atmospheric electric field before earthquakes are put forward. In the last part, it is pointed out that it would be possible to obtain more believable judgment indexes for determining the three elements of near earthquakes before greater earthquakes ( M S5) only if a relatively reasonable station network (2～4 stations every 10 000 km 2) is deployed and further investigation is made.

Regional Atmospheric Blocking in the Drought Periods in Ukraine

The conditions for regional circulation of the atmosphere in the periods of severe droughts in Ukraine are described by two circulation indexes. In analogy with experimental index EBI （European Blocking Index） for the Eastern Atlantic and Western Europe is proposed a new index ECBI （European Continental Blocking Index）, which describes the blocking of zonal flow over the European continent. The obtained time series of the ECBI for the spring-summer seasons with the severe droughts in Ukraine were analyzed. Katz circulation index was used for the estimating of intensity of the meridional atmospheric processes during the same droughts. It is shown that there registered a high frequency of blocking processes which was accompanied by positive phases of ECBI and an increase in the meridional component of an atmospheric flow over the region of Europe. In years with droughts in average 60% consecutive pentads were with a positive value of ECBI, mostly in April to May. The absolute maximum duration of blocking was the 10 consecutive pentads and observed in 1963. The high positive values of the ECBI and Katz index were connected with strong anomalies in seasonal and monthly fields of wind over territory of Eastern Europe. A close relationship between the ECBI and the Katz index was obtained, which allowed to determine the critical value of the Katz index for the beginning of blocking situation,

Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet Treatment on the Seed Germination and Enhancement Growth of Watermelon

The current study was carried out to reveal the possible impacts of non-thermal plasma on water uptake by seeds, seed germination and vigor of seedlings of watermelon seeds using cold plasma jet at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Cold atmospheric plasma jet with nitrogen gas sources was employed in this study. Five treatment doses and one control were used to conduct germination parameters. The effects of the different duration time of cold atmospheric plasma on the germination of treated watermelon seeds were studied. The cold plasma operated at 3 Kv and 14 l/min as a fixed input voltage and a fixed flow rate respectively. Cold atmospheric plasma increased the germination percentage of watermelon as well as the growth parameters (root and shoot length, dry weight), and the vigor of seedlings. The effects of cold plasma during this study depended on exposure time. The operation time of 4 min considered as an appropriate plasma dose to promote the germination parameters.

无线光通信中大气湍流噪声测量研究

光信号的强度闪烁、光斑漂移、光束扩展、到达角起伏等大气湍流现象会影响光信号在大气中的传输性能。本文将这种闪烁效应看作是光通信系统传输中的乘性噪声,推导了大气湍流乘性噪声模型,并进行了实验测量研究。结果表明:按照晴天、雾霾天、雪天、小雨天、中雨天、大雨天及阴天的顺序,湍流乘性噪声对光通信的通信质量影响加剧,大气折射率结构常数逐渐增大,噪声信号的偏斜度与陡峭度随之增加,导致光强信号的衰落概率变大;同时随着信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR)的增大,系统的中断概率逐渐减小;而在相同的SNR下,中断概率随着大气折射率结构常数的减小而减小。研究大气湍流噪声对无线光通信系统的影响具有重要的意义,它为大范围、高速的无线光通信技术带来重要的技术突破,对无线光通信技术的发展起到重要的作用。

干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征对比研究

以长江、黄河和淮河流域为研究对象,基于标准化旱涝急转指数,利用趋势分析、变点检验、小波分析、随机森林等方法探究典型干旱区与湿润区旱涝急转演变特征及其驱动因子。结果表明:湿润和半湿润区是极端旱涝急转事件的高频发生区,干旱区是极端旱转涝事件的高频发生区;干旱区的突变发生在1998年,湿润区的突变在1978年,未来干旱区更易发生旱转涝事件,湿润区则相反;气象因子在湿润区对旱涝急转的贡献度更大,大气环流对干旱区的影响突出,旱涝急转与不同驱动因子间存在非线性关系。

内陆复杂风电场风速垂直外推模型研究

陆上风能资源评估中风电机组的轮毂高度大于测风塔高度,忽略大气稳定度影响与地表粗糙度变化,风切变指数受地面地形和地貌因素的影响,且在外推到轮毂高度处时,风速难以精确预测。综合考虑了Monin Obukhov相似理论与动力学粗糙度最小二乘法计算模型,建立一种基于大气热稳定性在中性条件下的拟合方法。首先,评估了风切变指数在不同地点的空间分布和与大气稳定度变化之间的相关影响;其次,以2个不同地貌下陆上风电场的实测数据为基础,与常用的综合切变外推轮毂高度风速的计算方案相比较,结果表明:风切变指数日变化与大气稳定性日变化存在一定的相关性,新型外推风速模型计算方法能更加准确地评估目标高度风速的垂直分布变化。

基于风廓线雷达产品的冰雹过程分析

利用贵州省威宁县气象局的风廓线雷达基础数据及其二次开发产品、雨量站和MICAPS的实况数据,对2019年6月11日发生在威宁本站的一次冰雹大风天气过程进行综合分析。结果表明:水平廓线产品可反映出冷暖平流的时空变化及垂直分布,更早探测冷空气入侵、风场切变情况及低空急流强度;大气折射率结构常数和垂直速度可以指示降水的发生、持续时间及降水强度情况;强降水发生前有较强风垂直切变,降水过程中风垂直切变值整体大于0.2 s^(-1),风垂直切变的增强会引起垂直速度和地面大风的增大;若以大于15 dBZ和小于10 dBZ为降水的起止标志,风廓线雷达反射率因子较其他产品可以更清晰地指示降水的开始和结束。

持续性大雾天气成因及大气污染程度变化研究

为了更好的治理大气污染,防止持续性大雾天气对生态系统的光合作用、植物呼吸、植物病害、生物多样性和飞行动物等方面产生负面的影响。提出持续性大雾天气成因以及大雾污染程度变化研究。选取江苏省作为研究区域,将江苏省2020年1月12日-15日出现的持续性大雾天气作为研究背景,分析了江苏省各市能见度变化情况,以及空气质量指数、PM2.5和PM10的变化情况。研究了气象因素(温度、湿度和风速)对持续性大雾天气形成产生的影响,同时分析了不同站点处空气污染物的浓度变化情况,结合相关性分析获取上述污染物与气象因素与雾时数和霾时数的相关性。

水稻高温热害强度时空变化特征与预报模型构建

构建定量表征水稻高温热害强度的指数,揭示时空变化特征,并建立中长期预报模型,准确预报高温热害发生的强度趋势对提前部署抗高温工作至关重要。该研究充分考虑高温热害累积效应,结合致灾指标,构建了强度指数,并采用Fisher分割法对其进行了客观化分级;根据中长期天气预报原理,基于海温和大气环流指数两类预报因子,利用二维寻优技术,分别构建了水稻高温热害强度指数预报模型,并进行了验证和比较。结果表明:1)2010年以来江苏省水稻高温热害年频次增加且强度明显增强,其中2013年、2022年高温热害强度均达最高等级4级,高温热害强度指数存在明显的年代际差异,从20世纪90年代开始江苏省水稻高温热害强度逐年代增强,空间上呈现出高温热害强度指数年代累加值不低于10的区域从南向北随年代逐步扩大,至21世纪10年代已扩展至淮北西部,其中淮河以南水稻高温热害强度增强明显,为历年代最强。2)构建的两类水稻高温热害强度指数预报模型可在7月初进行预报,预报提前量均为1~2个月,总体都能较好地模拟出强度指数的年际波动特征,但模拟值波动幅度与实际值存在不同程度的差异。3)通过拟合检验和试报检验,预报因子经过最优化相关技术处理后,能有效增加因变量和自变量的相关度,提高预报模型的模拟效果,其中海温因子经最优化处理后的高温热害强度指数预报模型效果最佳,可在农业气象业务服务中进行应用。研究结果对主动防御高温灾害和保障粮食安全具有重要科学意义和参考价值。

大气降尘对土壤主要环境元素的累积影响及评价——以山东省高密市为例

为研究山东省高密市大气降尘主要环境元素的污染分布特征,探究其对表生环境中土壤的影响效应,对高密市大气降尘进行了系统采集、测试,取得了Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Se等9种环境元素测试数据,计算其年沉降通量、年增量,模拟了各元素达到限定值所需的最小年沉降通量,并对污染水平进行了评价。结果表明,大气降尘中各元素含量平均值均高于土壤背景值,表现为不同程度的富集。年沉降通量Cu与Pb呈显著正相关,Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、As、Hg多呈现两两正相关,Se与其他元素相关性不显著,相关性越强则同源性越高。大气降尘是土壤主要环境元素的一个输入端元,其导致的表层土壤各元素年增速率为0.03%~0.52%,多年后Cd最接近土壤限定值。地累积指数评价显示,Ni、As、Cr为无污染至轻度污染,Se以重度污染为主,Cd、Zn为中度污染至重度污染,Hg、Cu、Pb以轻度污染至中度污染为主,污染程度排序为Se>Cd>Zn>Hg>Cu>Pb>Ni>As>Cr。

西南地区暴雨灾害集中度变化特征及其与环流指数的关系

选取1971—2020年西南地区95个气象站点日降水资料,以降水集中指数(PCI)为基础,构建了暴雨灾害集中指数(PDCI),分析了该指数在西南地区的时空变化特征,并运用交叉小波变换和小波相干变换方法探究了西南地区PDCI与大气环流指数的关系。结果表明:近50 a西南地区PDCI呈现增加趋势,其递增率为0.09/10 a,暴雨灾害发生的机率增长;西南地区75%的站点未来PDCI指数呈现增加趋势,预测暴雨灾害发生将会更为频繁;西南地区PDCI与AO、NAO、NINO1+2、NINO3.4、NINO4、PDO、SOI均存在共振周期,在不同时间段内PDCI与上述多种大气环流指数的相关性存在差异;对应的相关系数介于−0.27~0.31之间,得到上述多种大气环流指数均对西南地区暴雨灾害集中度存在一定影响。

基于植被健康指数的中国干旱动态变化及其对大气环流因子的响应研究

为明晰中国干旱时空变化特征及大气环流因子对干旱的驱动机制,基于全国1982~2020年遥感植被健康指数(VHI)数据,采用极点对称模态分解方法(EPSMD)分析干旱动态变化特征,结合像元尺度趋势检验方法(PMK)挖掘干旱趋势特征,运用交叉小波技术揭示干旱与大气环流因子间响应关系。结果表明,1982~2020年全国干旱整体呈减轻趋势;研究时段内干旱最严重的年份为1989年,该年度夏季干旱程度较轻,冬季干旱相对较重,VHI均值分别为0.47、0.38;春季、夏季、秋季和冬季VHI的趋势特征值分别为0.70、0.48、0.59、0.48,春季干旱的减缓趋势最为明显;厄尔尼诺和南方涛动(ENSO)对干旱的影响最显著。研究结果可为中国干旱成因机制的进一步研究提供参考。

基于TLE数据的大气密度反演与校正

用于航天器轨道预报的热层密度模型普遍存在30%左右的误差,影响LEO卫星的精密轨道确定和载荷控制。基于低轨航天器平运动变化与大气密度的关系,使用GRACE(gravity recovery and climate experiment)卫星TLE数据反演2003、2007年沿轨大气密度,通过比较反演值、模型值和实测值的关系分析误差产生原因,使用对数正态分布拟合密度比值。通过分析太阳辐射、地磁指数对大气密度变化的影响,提出一种基于空间环境指数的热层大气密度模型校正与预报方式。使用该方法对2003、2004、2007、2008年的MSIS86模型计算密度进行修正,将模型平均相对误差从33.33%~59.62%降低到11.55%~15.13%,太阳活动低年改进量是高年的1.5~2倍。对2009年经验模型结果进行预报校正,将预报误差降低36.49%,提高了模型精度。