Determination of Trace Elements in Potatoes by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the contents of trace elements in potatoes from different production areas in Qinghai Province. [Method] By flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS）, the contents of various trace elements in potatoes were determined. [Result] Potatoes contain abundant trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, K and Mg. To be specific, the contents of Ca, K and Mg were relatively high. [Conclusion] By using FAAS, the relative standard deviation was 1.17%-2.75% and the recovery rate was 97%-99.5%, indicating accurate and reli-able results with high precision.

Determination of Five Metallic Elements in Guoshangye from Guizhou by Microwave Digestion-flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

In the study, the contents of 5 trace elements including Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn and Ca were directly analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy in Gu- oshangye. The sample was subjected to microwave digestion with HNO3 and H2O2, and detected by the standard curve method. The results showed that Guoshangye contained abundant trace elements which rates of these trace elements were in the curacy and satisfactory. were necessary for human. The recovery range of 96%-103%. The method is ac-

Dental Erosion by Beverages and Determination of Trace Elements in Teeth by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The analysis of trace elements in human tooth for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostic and forensic science. This study investigated concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co and Cd) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and (Na and K) flame atomic emission spectroscopy (FAES) in human tooth obtained from Misan province, Iraq. The influence of smoking habits and born children on the levels of trace elements in additional to dental erosion by some beverages in the tooth samples were investigated. The overall of mean concentrations of (Zn 185.2 ppm, Cu 36.11 ppm, Pb 18.63 ppm, Ni 13.44 ppm, Co 3.45 ppm, and Cd 0.58 ppm, Na 11.683 ppm and K 115.27 ppm), (Zn 178.243 ppm, Cu 35.877 ppm, Pb 15.64 ppm, Ni 12.89 ppm, Co 3.421 ppm, Cd 0.455 ppm, Na 11,558.04 ppm and K 114.04 ppm) in smokers and non-smokers tooth groups respectively, (Zn 81.12 ppm, Cu 24.37 ppm, Pb 11.18 ppm, Ni 13.68 ppm, Co 3.32 ppm, Cd 0.44 ppm, Na 8227 ppm and K 76.42 ppm), (Zn 80.58 ppm, Cu 24.30 ppm, Pb 10.86 ppm, Ni 12.74 ppm, Co 2.71 ppm, Cd 0.23 ppm, Na 8165 ppm and K 72.80 ppm) in mothers and wives tooth groups respectively. However the w/w% loss of tooth immersed in following order of beverages (green tea, black tea, cinnamon, hibiscus, vinegar and citrus aurantifolia (9.09, 9.68, 12.36, 15.01, 16.77 and 17.38), (8.19, 8.25, 9.76, 13.37, 14.02 and 15.33) in smokers and non-smokers groups respectively, (11.25, 11.47, 13.30, 15.75, 19.58, and 20.91), (8.31, 7.96, 11.39, 13.49, 17.40, and 17.67) in mothers and wives groups respectively. However, there is a statistically significant variance found Zn (tcal 5.029, ttab 2.131), Pb (tcal 4.8538, ttab 2.131), Ni (tcal 5.243, ttab 2.131), Cd (tcal 3.9062, ttab 2.131) and Na (tcal 3.0832, ttab 2.131) between smokers and non-smokers tooth groups. However, the Co (tcal 2.7403, ttab 2.131) also shows statistically significant variance between mothers and wives groups. There is no statistically significant variance in w/w% loss after immersed the tooth in some beverages but in general it was higher in smokers than non-smokers and in mothers higher than wives.

Use of Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis for the Determination of Trace Elements in Human Scalp

The analysis of trace elements in human hair for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. This study investigated the concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) in human scalp hair obtained from subjects living in Forsyth County, North Carolina, USA. The influence of age, sex, race, and smoking habits on the levels of trace elements in the hair samples were also investigated. Additionally, analyses were subjected to a statistical, regression, and principal component analysis to evaluate inter-elemental association and possible pattern recognition in hair samples. Furthermore, Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios, which are often used to evaluate the degree of Ca and Cu utilization in humans and as markers for various health related issues including, atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic cancer, were calculated. The overall mean concentrations of Fe (25 μg/g), Ca (710 μg/g), Mg (120 μg/g), Zn (190 μg/g), Cu (12 μg/g), and Cr (0.20 μg/g) were found in hair samples. The trace element concentrations varied widely in hair samples as demonstrated by large range of concentrations obtained for each element. However, levels of Cd and Pb elements of <0.030 μg/g were detected in hair sample. In general, the levels of the trace elements in hair samples were poorly correlated. However, significant correlations were found between Ca and Mg (r = 0.840, p = 0.05). The levels of Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Cr in hair samples and the calculated Ca/Mg and Zn/Cu ratios were found to be largely correlated with age, race, sex, and smoking habits.

Uncertainty Estimation for the Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Human Hair by Flame and Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Trace element analysis on hair samples has been widely used to assess wildlife and human exposure to different contaminants present in the environment or at the workplace. Pollutants due to the presence of toxic metals in environment not only enter the body by breading, water, and foodstuff accumulates in hair, but they could be adsorbed directly on the hair from environment. In order to remove adsorbed elements and thus determine the internally bound elements correctly, hair sample must be washed. In the present work, we propose uncertainty estimation for the analytical results that are obtained from determination of cadmium, lead, copper, iron, manganese and nickel in human hair by flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS and ETAAS）. To estimate the uncertainty of analytical result obtained, two types of bias are calculated in the assessment of trueness： a proportional bias and a constant bias. Nested design was applied for calculating proportional bias and Youden method to calculate the constant bias. The results we obtained for proportional bias are calculated from spiked samples. In this case, the concentration found is plotted against the concentration added and the slop of standard addition curve is an estimate of the method recovery. Estimated method of average recovery in human hair is： （1.019 ±0.026）, （0.918 ±0.014）, （1.073±0.016）, （1.0597± 0.017）, （1.073± 0.020） and （0.934± 0.117） for Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, Fe and Cu respectively.

Trace Elements Assessment in Human Nails in Eastern Sudan Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

In the present work, elements concentration in fingernails samples of volunteers of different ages (males, females) were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) Perkin-Elmer, spectrophotometer. Fingernails samples of different groups were analyzed to determine the trace elements Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn and Pb. Standards materials were prepared for concentration assessment that adjacent to samples from two cities in different location in eastern province of Sudan for elements concentrations finding. In addition, samples of hands fingernails and toenails were analyzed for comparison and method validation. Consequently, the significant levels of elements concentration in nails samples of Jabiat residents compared to Port Sudan resident’s area due to soil dispersion are supporting the possibility of external contamination. The data of component matrix and rotated component matrix of varimax normalization using principal component analysis revealed important predictors of nails elements Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations in soil of both areas under study. However, the Pb, Ni, Ca, and Co are possible to be indication of different sources associated with environmental contamination. The significant correlation and principal component analysis of the elements of nails concentrations in the two categories supported the probability of different expose environmental contamination.

Determination of Ni, Ca, Mg, Cu and Pb in Wolfram byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

The method for the determination of Ni, Ca, Mg, Cu and Pb in wolfram wire by ICP AES was studied. Results showed that perhydrol affects the intensities of elements (Ni, Ca, Mg, Cu, Pb) and this effect can be compensated by internal reference element. It is also showed that the stability of plasma caused by perhydrol matrix was effectively improved. The replicate experiment and recovery experiment revealed perfect precision and accuracy. Results got by two methods were just the same.

Determination of Hg in soil by ultrasonic slurry sampling hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry

Ultrasonic aided slurry sampling hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry （USS-HG-AFS） was developed for the determination of Hg in soil samples from a sewage-irrigated farm. 500 mg grounded soil was suspended in agar solution by an ultrasound water bath before the HG-AFS determination. The results for the reference material of soil （serial number GBW-07411） agreed satisfactorily with the certified values. Results obtained by the developed procedure compared well with those after traditional acid digestion of samples. The detection limit are 6.7ngL-1 for Hg respectively, with average relative standard deviation values of 6.4% for analysis of a series of soil samples of different origin. The recoveries of the anatytes varied in the range from 95 to 107%. This observation has stimulated interest in fast, accurate and sensitive analytical methods for determination of metals in soil.

Preconcentration of trace elements by adsorption onto a niobium wire for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with a tungsten tube atomizer

In the present method of trace elements wire has been developed work, a new preconcentration by adsorption onto a niobium for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry （ETAAS） with a tungsten tube atomizer. Detection limits （pg. mL-1） by this method combined with ETAAS were 45 for bismuth, 7.0 for cadmium, 20 for copper, 1.3 for gold, 36 for lead, 65 for manganese, 9.5 for rhodium and 19 for silver.

Trace and Macro Elements Concentrations in Selected Fresh Fruits, Vegetables, Herbs, and Processed Foods in North Carolina, USA

Fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs, and processed foods continue to be the major sources of essential trace elements in humans’ diet required for proper body development. However, food products can potentially be contaminated by toxic heavy metals (HMs) from environmental contamination or industrial food processing. The deleterious health implications of essential trace and macro elements’ deficiency and toxic consequences of HMs in humans necessitate proactive monitoring of the essential trace elements and HMs concentrations in the humans diet to ensure public health safety. Accordingly, this study investigated a comparative analysis of essential elements and potential toxic HMs concentration in food products in the Greensboro metropolis, North Carolina, USA. A total of 49 food samples comprising of 16 difference fresh fruits, 17 fresh vegetables, 4 herbs, and 12 processed foods were purchased from local grocery stores and analyzed for iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) by the use of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The concentrations of elements were subjected to a regression analysis to further gain insight of the inter-element association in the food samples. The results of the study showed high variability in the concentrations of elements in the fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs, and processed foods. The overall average concentrations of Ca (1501 μg/g), Mg (186.5 μg/g), Fe (55.8 μg/g), Zn (22.2 μg/g), Pb (10.2 μg/g), Cu (5.8 μg/g), Cr (<0.1 μg/g), Cd (<0.1 μg/g), and Ni (<0.04 μg/g) were obtained in all food samples categories. The elements concentrations were generally poorly correlated in the food samples. However, a strong inter-element association between Cu and Fe concentration (R2 = 1.000) and a weak association between Ca and Fe (R2 = 0.5609) were found in the food samples. A survey questionnaire was administered to 396 participants in the Greensboro metropolis to evaluate the food consumption pattern and a daily/weekly dietary estimate intake of vegetables, fruits, herbs and processed foods. The results of the food survey analysis showed that the amount of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and processed foods dietary intake varied widely. In general, the participants consumed more processed foods than vegetables, fruits, and herb foods. The low dietary intake of vegetables, fruits, herbs suggests that most participants may be obtaining insufficient essential trace elements and other vital nutrients necessary for normal growth and body development in their diet.

Trace Metal Levels in Lichen Samples From Roadsides in East Black Sea Region,Turkey

Objective To determine the metal contents of lichen species from East Black Sea region of Turkey for investigation of trace metal pollution sourced traffic. Methods The levels of copper, cadmium, lead, zinc, manganese, iron, chromium, nickel, cobalt, palladium in lichen samples collected from East Black Sea region of Turkey were determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion method. The accuracy of the method was corrected by standard reference material （NIST SRM IAEA-336 Lichen）. Results The contents of invest!gated trace metals in lichen samples were 7.19-22.4 μg/g for copper, 0.10-0.64 μg/g for cadmium, 4.03-44.6 μg/g for lead, 14.5-41.8 μg/g for zinc, 25.8-208 μg/g for manganese, 331-436 μg/g for iron, 1.20-3.01 μg/g for chromium, 1.48-3.90 μg/g for nickel, 0.20-3.55 μg/g for cobalt, 0.11-0.64 μg/g for palladium. The results were compared with the literature values. Conclusion Some lichen species such as Xanthoparmelia conspersa, Xanthoria calcicola, Peltigera membranacea, and Physcia adscendens are accumulated trace metals at a high ratio.

Comparison of 66 chemical element contents in normal and benign hyperplastic prostate

Objective:The aim of this study was to clarify the differences between the prostatic levels of chemical elements in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and healthy male.Methods:We evaluated the prostatic level of 66 chemical elements in 43 patients with BPH and 37 healthy males.Measurements were performed using five instrumental analytical methods.Results:In the hyperplastic prostates,we have observed a significant increase in the mean level of Bi,Cr,Hg,K,Sb,and Se accompanied a significant decrease in the mean level of Al,Ce,Cs,Dy,Er,Gd,Ho,La,Mo,Nd,Pb,Pr,Sm,Sn,Tb,Tm,U,and Y.No differences were found in the mean prostatic level of other chemical elements including Ag,Al,Au,B,Ba,Be,Br,Ca,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn,Na,Nb,Ni,P,Rb,S,Sc,Si,Th,Ti,Tl,Yb,Zn,and Zr between BPH patients and healthy males.Conclusions:The finding of chemical element contents and correlation between pairs of chemical element mass fractions indicates that there is a great disturbance of prostatic chemical element metabolism in BPH gland.Trace elements Bi,Cr,Hg,K,Sb,and Se may be regarded as the possible tissue biomarkers of hyperplastic transformation of prostate gland.Obtained data did not confirm a critical role of Cd and Pb accumulation in the pathogenesis of BPH.A potential age-related Zn,Fe,and Se deficiency in the prostate tissue has not been found as being involved in the etiology of BPH.

原子吸收光谱法测定苦瓜中微量金属元素的含量

用微波消解法对苦瓜进行预处理,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了苦瓜中钙、镁、铁、锌四种微量金属元素的含量。在最佳条件下测得苦瓜中各金属元素的含量分别为Ca:3843.50μg/g,Mg:2545.492μg/g,Fe:93.3415μg/g,Zn:77.685μg/g;RSD为0.19%~0.85%;检出限为0.0020μg·mL^(-1)~0.0703μg·mL^(-1);相关系数为0.9927~0.9997;加标回收率为94.60%~102.92%,此方法简单、快捷、经济、有效。

原子吸收光谱分析法检测虎力散胶囊中重金属含量

为了检测虎力散胶囊中重金属残留量,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定虎力散胶囊中的Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg,并利用标准曲线法计算3个不同批次虎力散胶囊中重金属的含量。测定结果得到,虎力散胶囊中Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg含量分别为1.59、1.95、1.66mg/kg;0.19、0.28、0.17mg/kg;0.21、0.32、0.22mg/kg;0.64、0.38、0.41mg/kg;0.01、0.02、0.03 mg/kg,虎力散胶囊中Pb、Cd、Cu、As、Hg等5种重金属含量均符合2020版《中国药典》标准要求,安全性较好。

原子吸收光谱法测定大豆及其制品中的微量元素

利用原子吸收光谱法测定了大豆及其制品中的14种微量元素。研究了样品灰化温度、灰化时间和浸取液HNO3浓度对测定结果的影响及SrCl2对测定Ca,Mg含量的影响。结果表明大豆及其制品中K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn等元素含量比较丰富。

原子吸收光谱法测定芦荟中微量元素

用 HNO3 - HCl O4(4 :1)混酸作消化液处理样品 ,用原子吸收光谱法测定了样品中的 Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Ca、Mg、Cd、Pb等 10种微量元素 ,方法简便、快速 ,标准加入回收率在 96 .0 %～ 10 5 .0 %之间 .

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定不同产地淡竹叶中微量元素的含量

利用微波消解技术处理样品,采用原子吸收光谱法测定了我国广东、湖北、湖南、重庆、广西、江苏、福建、浙江、安徽九个不同产区淡竹叶中Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,K,Ca,Mg,Ni,Cd,Pb,Cr,Co,Al,Se,As 15种微量元素的含量。该方法的相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.23%~3.32%之间,平均回收率在95.8%~104.2%之间。研究表明,该方法简便、快速、灵敏,适合于淡竹叶中微量元素的测定。试验分析结果表明,不同产地淡竹叶中微量元素的含量呈现地域性差异。各地区的淡竹叶中对人体有益的元素K,Mg,Ca,Fe,Mn含量普遍较丰富 对人体有害的重金属元素,除湖南产的淡竹叶中Pb的含量稍高,广东、安徽产的淡竹叶中Cu的含量偏高外,其他产区的淡竹叶中有害重金属元素Cd,Cu,Cr,Pb,As的含量均低于《中国药典》、《药用植物及其制剂进出口绿色行业标准》及《国家标准食品卫生标准》的限量标准。该测定结果为进一步探讨淡竹叶中微量元素的含量与其功效的相关性提供了科学依据。

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素

采用HNO3 HClO4 (4∶1)混酸消化用于治疗糖尿病的消渴丸、玉泉丸、渴乐宁、降糖舒、降糖Ⅰ—Ⅴ号9种中成药 ,用原子吸收光谱法对药物消化液中的Cu ,Zn ,Ni,Co ,Mn ,Cr ,Mo,Fe,Ca,Mg ,Cd ,Pb12种微量元素进行了分析测定。该方法的加标回收率为 97%～ 10 5 % ,相对标准偏差 (RSD)小于 5 % ,具有良好的准确度和精密度。结果表明 :糖尿病类中成药中除Cd ,Pb外 ,其余 10种元素的含量均较为丰富。

火焰原子吸收法测定食用仙人掌中微量元素含量

用灰化法溶解试样,配制混合标准系列溶液,加入LaCl3和CsCl消除相关干扰,采用空气-乙炔火 焰原子吸收法在同一试液中测定10种微量元素含量。建立了优化的仪器测定条件,方法简便、准确。结果表 明,食用仙人掌中含Mg,K,Ca为13-47 mg．g-1;Zn,Mn,Fe,Na为108-243μg．g-1,Cu为34．8 μg．g1;Ni和Sr为9．8-11．7μg．g-1,其中Mg,K,Ca,Zn,Mn,Fe,Na,Cu的含量均显著高于胡萝卜中 含量。

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素

利用原子吸收光谱法测定了老年咳喘片、复方半夏片、胃痛宁片、拳参片、参芪降糖胶囊、夏桑菊颗粒和美国洋参含片7种中成药中Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,K,Na,Mn,Cu,Cr,Co,Sr,Ni,Cd和Pb元素的含量。详细研究了消化液(混酸)种类、混酸中HNO3和HClO4比例、消化液体积及消化时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明:所选7种药物中Ca,Mg,Fe,K和Na的含量普遍比较丰富;治疗糖尿病的药物参芪降糖胶囊中Mn的含量较为丰富,而胃痛宁片中有较丰富的Sr,Mn和Cu元素。