Three-dimensional atomic force microscopy based on tailored cantilever probe with flared tip

In order to meet the requirements of nondestructive testing of true 3D topography of micro-nano structures,a novel three-dimensional atomic force microscope(3D-AFM)based on flared tip is developed.A high-precision scanning platform is designed to achieve fast servo through moving probe and sample simultaneously,and several combined nanopositioning stages are used to guarantee linearity and orthogonality of displacement.To eliminate the signal deviation caused by AFM-head movement,a traceable optical lever system is designed for cantilever deformation detection.In addition,a method of tailoring the cantilever of commercial probe with flared tip is proposed to reduce the lateral force applied on the tip in measurement.The tailored probe is mounted on the 3D-AFM,and 3D imaging experiments are conducted on different samples by use of adaptive-angle scanning strategy.The results show the roob-mean-square value of the vertical displacement noise(RMS)of the prototype is less than 0.1 nm and the high/width measurement repeatability(peak-to-peak)is less than 2.5 nm.

On-Surface Stereochemical Characterization of a Highly Curved Chiral Nanographene by Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

A highly distorted chiral nanographene structure composed of triple corannulene-fused[5]helicenes is prepared with the help of the Heck reaction and oxidative photocyclization with an overall isolated yield of 28%.The complex three-dimensional(3D)structure of the bowl-helix hybrid nanostructure is studied by a combination of noncontact atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)on the Cu(111)surface,density functional theory calculations,AFM/STM simulations,and high-performance liquid chromatography-electronic circular dichroism analysis.This examination reveals a molecular structure in which the three bowl-shaped corannulene bladesd position themselves in a C3-symmetric fashion around a highly twisted triphenylene core.The molecule appears to be shaped like a propeller in which the concave side of the bowls face away from the connected[5]helicene motif.The chirality of the nanostructure is confirmed by the direct visualization of both MMM and PPP enantiomers at the single-molecule level by scanning probe microscopies.These results underline that submolecular resolution imaging by AFM/STM is a powerful real-space tool for the stereochemical characterization of 3D curved chiral nanographene structures.

Atomic-level characterization of liquid/solid interface

The detailed understanding of various underlying processes at liquid/solid interfaces requires the development of interface-sensitive and high-resolution experimental techniques with atomic precision.In this perspective,we review the recent advances in studying the liquid/solid interfaces at atomic level by electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope(EC-STM),non-contact atomic force microscopy(NC-AFM),and surface-sensitive vibrational spectroscopies.Different from the ultrahigh vacuum and cryogenic experiments,these techniques are all operated in situ under ambient condition,making the measurements close to the native state of the liquid/solid interface.In the end,we present some perspectives on emerging techniques,which can defeat the limitation of existing imaging and spectroscopic methods in the characterization of liquid/solid interfaces.

Orientation of molecular interface dipole on metal surface investigated by noncontact atomic force microscopy

We investigated the orientations of interface dipole moments of individual non-planar titanyl phthalocyanine(TiOPc)molecules on Cu(111)and Cu(100)substrates using scanning tunneling microscope(STM)and noncontact atomic force microscope(NC-AFM).The dipole moment orientations corresponding to two different configurations of individual TiOPc molecules were determined unambiguously.The correlation between the actual molecular structures and the corresponding STM topographies is proposed based on the sub-molecular resolution imaging and local contact potential difference(LCPD)measurements.Comparing with the pristine substrate,the LCPD shift due to the adsorption of non-planar molecule is dependent on the permanent molecular dipole,the charge transfer between the surface and the molecule,and the molecular configurations.This work would shed light on tailoring interfacial electronic properties and controlling local physical properties via polar molecule adsorption.

Interaction of CO and O2 with Supported Pt Single-Atoms on TiO2(110)

In view of the high activity of Pt single atoms in the low-temperature oxidation of CO,we investigate the adsorption behavior of Pt single atoms on reduced rutile TiO2(110)surface and their interaction with CO and O2 molecules using scanning tunneling microscopy and density function theory calculations.Pt single atoms were prepared on the TiO2(110)surface at 80 K,showing their preferred adsorption sites at the oxygen vacancies.We characterized the adsorption configurations of CO and O2 molecules separately to the TiO2-supported Pt single atom samples at 80 K.It is found that the Pt single atoms tend to capture one CO to form Pt-CO complexes,with the CO molecule bonding to the fivefold coordinated Ti(Ti5 c)atom at the next nearest neighbor site.After annealing the sample from 80 K to 100 K,CO molecules may diffuse,forming another type of complexes,Pt-(CO)2.For O2 adsorption,each Pt single atom may also capture one O2 molecule,forming Pt-O2 complexes with O2 molecule bonding to either the nearest or the next nearest neighboring Ti5c sites.Our study provides the single-molecule-level knowledge of the interaction of CO and O2 with Pt single atoms,which represent the important initial states of the reaction between CO and O2.

原子力显微镜-扫描电子显微镜共定位表征系统的研发与应用

微纳加工过程中,常有样品需要进行聚焦离子束(FIB)溅射、切割,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及原子力显微镜(AFM)表征,而这三类仪器都需要将样品固定在样品台上才可测试,固定不佳会影响表征结果.但固定好的样品在不同仪器之间转移、拆卸、再固定的过程中极易受到破坏.基于以上问题,设计了AFM-SEM-FIB样品共定位系统,可实现样品在此三种仪器之间的无损转移及共定位,避免珍贵样品破坏及目标丢失,以及解决AFM扫描无法控制方向、迅速调整位点等问题.在微纳表征中有优异的表现,系统已被开发成产品并量产销售.

Micro-galvanic corrosion behaviour of Mg-(7,9)Al-1Fe-xNd alloys

The localized micro-galvanic corrosion process and the kinetic information of Mg-(7,9)Al-1Fe-x Nd alloys were investigated by in situ observation under electrochemical control and in situ atomic force microscopy(AFM)in an electrolyte environment.The results revealed that the formation of the Nd-rich phase in alloys resulted in a decrease in the Volta potential difference from~400 m V(AlFe3/α-Mg)to~220 mV(Nd-rich/α-Mg),reducing the corrosion products around the cathodic phase and corrosion current density of the microscale area.The addition of Nd significantly improved the corrosion resistance,mainly due to the suppression of the micro-galvanic corrosion between the second phases and substrate.Finally,the corrosion mechanism of Mg-(7,9)Al-1Fe-x Nd alloys was discussed based on in situ observations and electrochemical results.

Multiple Interaction Forces Construct Two-Dimensional Self-assembly Kagome Lattices on Au(111)

Comprehensive Summary Kagome lattices have garnered significant attention due to their promising applications in catalysis,electronics,and magnetics.Although many efforts have been paid to the design and synthesis of Kagome lattices,there is a limited focus on constructing this lattice by multiple interaction forces.In this work,we employ 2,7-dibromo-carbazole as precursors to successfully fabricate the two-dimensional self-assembly Kagome lattices stabled by multiple interaction forces on Au(111)substrate.Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy,non-contact atomic force microscopy and density functional theory calculation,we visualize and identify the four interaction forces within Kagome lattices:Au—N coordination bonds,Au—H hydrogen bonds,Br—Br halogen bonds,and Br—H hydrogen bonds,respectively.This study provides a basic understanding for designing and constructing more complex Kagome lattices.

Electrochemical scanning probe microscopies for artificial photosynthesis

The rational design of efficient artificial photosynthetic components requires thorough understandings towards(photo)electrochemical properties and kinetic processes at the solid/liquid interface.Electrochemical scanning probe microscopy(EC-SPM),which enables the high-spatial resolution imaging in an electrolyte environment,becomes an indispensable experimental technique for operando studies of(photo)electrochemistry.This review summarizes the latest results of relevant ECSPM techniques to study the interfacial properties of electrocatalysts and photoelectrodes.Covered methods include atomic force microscopy,Kelvin probe force microscopy,conductive atomic force microscopy,scanning tunneling microscopy,scanning electrochemical microscopy,and other advanced SPM-based operando techniques.Finally,we offer some perspectives on the future outlook in this fascinating research area.

电力变压器用绝缘纸热老化的微观结构及形貌研究

对绝缘纸在热老化过程中微观形貌、纸纤维的结构以及其超微结构等的变化发展进行研究。通过对比绝缘纸样品的原子力显微镜图片,发现初始绝缘纸纤维素的原子排列致密而有序,但经过加速热老化后葡萄糖单体的六边形结构受到破坏。此外,通过扫描电镜照片可以发现纤维素的细胞壁在老化过程中逐渐破裂,同时纤维素的长度及粗度均有减小。通过X光衍射分析显示绝缘纸样品的结晶度及晶粒尺寸在老化过程中逐渐减小,但仍保持原有的纤维素晶型和两相共存的微细结构。试验证明,绝缘纸老化的微观结构研究对进一步了解绝缘纸纤维老化的发展过程及其老化机理有很好的帮助。

扫描探针显微镜系列及其应用综述

扫描探针显微镜将人类带入原子世界,使人类不仅能够观察到物质表面原子的排布情况,而且能够按照人类的意图实现原子操纵.回顾了扫描探针显微镜的历史,介绍了目前国际上各种系列的扫描探针显微镜基本原理、主要特点、研究现状和最新应用情况,重点介绍了原子操纵和生命科学、信息科学领域的应用,提出了扫描探针显微镜目前的研究方向.

扫描探针显微术的应用(综述)

扫描探针显微镜 (SPM)是扫描隧道显微镜 (STM)、原子力显微镜 (AFM)、近场光学显微镜(SNOM)等近几年发展起来的新型显微镜的总称 .SPM的发展使得在纳米尺度上研究物质的特性和相互作用成为可能 ,它为生物。

扫描探针显微术在巯醇自组装单分子膜纳米刻蚀中的应用

介绍了近十年来扫描探针显微术(SPM)在巯醇自组装单分子膜纳米刻蚀中的应用.依据扫描探针的工作原理,依次讨论了扫描隧道显微镜、原子力显微镜和导电原子力显微镜的工作特点和适用范围.同时也讨论了自组装单分子膜纳米刻蚀术在生物分子传感器、超高密度信息存储等领域的应用前景.

纳米孔阵列阳极氧化铝膜的制备和表征(英文)

本文通过在0℃、0.5mol·L-1的草酸溶液中阳极氧化高纯铝片的方法制得了阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对AAO膜的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明,阻挡层AAO膜中大小一致的膜胞在铝/氧化铝界面上排成六方形阵列;有孔层AAO膜中含有高度有序的纳米孔阵列和膜胞阵列,并且孔的直径和膜胞的尺寸都具有较窄的分布。另外,考察了阳极氧化电压对膜胞尺寸、孔径大小、孔密度和膜胞密度的影响,表明在一定的电压范围内,膜胞和孔径都随电压的升高而增大,而孔密度和膜胞密度却随电压的升高而减小。

原子力显微镜及其应用

本文简要介绍了原子力显微镜的发展史 ,评述了原子力显微镜的工作原理、工作模式及技术 。

化学力显微镜针尖修饰技术研究新进展

评述了化学力显微镜的新成果。对自组装单分子膜修饰扫描探针显微镜针尖，生物分子修饰原子力显微镜针尖，电化学方法修饰扫描隧道显微镜针尖，纳米碳管材料修饰原子力显微镜针尖等作了介绍。

聚酰亚胺静电损伤和取向作用失效的系统观测

利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对聚酰亚胺（PI）表面正常区域和静电损伤区域进行系统观测。偏光显微镜的观测基于超扭曲向列相液晶显示（STN—LCD）的关态透射原理，并确定损伤区域的线度在50～100μm。用SEM区分静电损伤引起的“白点”与尘粒引起的“白点”，同时观测到电极被局域破坏，其线度沿电极边缘约20μm。通过AFM的直接观测发现，与正常区域比较损伤区域失去了沟槽结构，但仍然保持深度在10nm以内的二维无序凹凸结构，其原因为：损伤后PI对液晶分子取向作用失效的机制是沟槽结构的消失。

盐冻循环条件下改性沥青微细观结构

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了内蒙古地区道路工程常用沥青(基质沥青、SBS改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青)盐冻循环前、后的细观结构变化,分析了改性剂与沥青的相互作用机理。结果表明,SEM和AFM可以相互补充,能更好地反映沥青在不同状态下细观结构的变化。在冻融循环后,各种沥青发生不同程度的水老化,特别是盐冻循环后基质沥青与SBS改性沥青中出现盐晶粒,沥青膜破坏明显;而胶粉改性沥青中胶粉颗粒抑制盐晶粒的生长,且胶粉颗粒本身具有弹性,低温性能虽有下降,但多次冻融循环后仍能保持较好的形态。

两种方法提取的麦冬多糖结构及聚集行为的比较研究

本文利用热水提取法与超声提取法提取麦冬多糖,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法、原子力显微镜(AFM)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对两种方法提取的麦冬多糖的官能团及表面形貌进行了比较研究。结果表明,热水提取的麦冬多糖(WPOJ-DS)与超声提取的麦冬多糖(UPOJ-DS)的官能团存在明显差别,在WPOJ-DS中检测到β-葡萄吡喃糖,而UPOJ-DS中没有。两种多糖的AFM观测结果表明,相对于WPOJ-DS,UPOJ-DS的分散性更好,能观察到多糖单分子链形态以及明显的螺旋结构,说明超声处理可能对麦冬多糖的分子间及分子内氢键产生影响。SEM结果表明,UPOJ-DS相对于WPOJ-DS大片状结构减少,且出现很多棒状及小球状颗粒,说明超声处理使麦冬多糖产生了降解。因此,超声提取法会对麦冬多糖的分子结构及聚集行为产生影响。

一种高精度多功能双用原子力显微镜技术及应用

主要研究了一种基于高精度IPC-205B型扫描隧道显微镜(STM)的新型高精度多功能双用原子力显微镜(AFM)技术及其应用。阐述该原子力显微镜的工作原理、组成及应用,详细介绍了该AFM镜体的独特结构和新型微悬臂的制作及其检测方法。该AFM采用简单适用的新型微悬臂。并利用STM检测微悬臂的起伏,通过四维机械驱动和双压电陶瓷扫描,有效提高了扫描精度,扩大了扫描范围。该机型集AFM和STM功能为一体,其中STM可以单独使用。该机型检测精度可达:横向0.1 nm,纵向0.01 nm。并用该样机进行了样品表面形貌和隧道谱的实验研究。