Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behav...Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behavior.Binary MX2 layers with different metal and/or chalcogen elements have similar structural parameters but varied optoelectronic properties,providing opportunities for atomically substitutional engineering via partial alteration of metal or/and chalcogenide atoms to produce ternary or quaternary TMDs.The resulting multinary TMD layers still maintain structural integrity and homogeneity while achieving tunable(opto)electronic properties across a full range of composition with arbitrary ratios of introduced metal or chalcogen to original counterparts(0–100%).Atomic substitution in TMD layers offers new adjustable degrees of freedom for tailoring crystal phase,band alignment/structure,carrier density,and surface reactive activity,enabling novel and promising applications.This review comprehensively elaborates on atomically substitutional engineering in TMD layers,including theoretical foundations,synthetic strategies,tailored properties,and superior applications.The emerging type of ternary TMDs,Janus TMDs,is presented specifically to highlight their typical compounds,fabrication methods,and potential applications.Finally,opportunities and challenges for further development of multinary TMDs are envisioned to expedite the evolution of this pivotal field.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Latest researches at home and abroad indicate that glycerol trinitrate plays its function because it can metabolize into nitrogen monoxide (NO) in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effects of N...BACKGROUND: Latest researches at home and abroad indicate that glycerol trinitrate plays its function because it can metabolize into nitrogen monoxide (NO) in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effects of NO vector of ultrasonic atomizing inhalation on vertebro-basilar artery insufficiency (VBI) through transcranial Doppler (TCD) detection and serum NO content and indirect effect of TCD on cerebral blood flow changes. DESIGN: Randomized grouping and controlled clinical study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 130 patients who were diagnosed as VBI were selected from Department of Neurology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan from December 2001 to December 2005. The involved inpatients were checked by CT and MRI, and met the VBI diagnostic standard enacted by the Fourth National Academic Meeting of Cerebrovascular Disease in 1995. All patients and their relatives provided the confumed consent. They were randomly divided into low-dose treatment group (n =60), high-lose treatment group (n =30) and control group (n =40). METHODS: Patients in the low-dose and high-dose treatment groups were given ultrasonic atomizing inhalation of 3 mg and 5 mg glycerol trinitrate, respectively, for 20 minutes, once a day. In addition, ligustrazine and energy mixture were used once a day for three days in a course. Cases in the control group were only given ligustrazine and energy mixture. All selected cases accepted TCD, blood NO content was checked at the time of beginning, after the first time and after a period of treatment. According to the TCD test, VBI patients were divided into two groups (high-low flow velocity). The vertebral artery (VA) and basal artery (BA) of left or right sides were detected by 2 Hz detector via occipital window. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Blood flow velocity of systolic phase, blood flow velocity of diastole phase and vascular resistance in left and right VA and BA detected by using TCD before treatment, after treatment for one course; ②content of serum NO indirectly measured by using nitric acid disoxidation technique. RESULTS: All 130 VBI patients were involved in the final analysis. ①Changes of hemodynamic indexes: Systolic phase of VA and diastole phase of BA were higher in low-dose treatment group than that in the control group after first treatment, and there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05); meanwhile, systolic phase and diastole phase of VA and systolic phase of BA were also higher in treatment group than that in the control group after one course (P 〈 0.05). However, both systolic phase and diastole phase of VA and BA were lower in high-dose treatment group than that in the control group after first treatment and one course, and there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05). ②Content of serum NO: After first treatment, there was no significant difference between low-dose treatment group and high-dose treatment group (P 〉 0.05); but both groups were higher than control group, and there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05, 0.01). CONCLUSION: NO vector of ultrasonic atomizing inhalation can improve VBI so as to improve cerebral blood-supply state.展开更多
Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The rea...Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The reasonable utilization of carbonbased DMSCs provides new possibilities to achieve the outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable selectivity,recyclability in energy-related catalysis.Based on this,this review intends to summarize the recent breakthroughs in carbonbased DMSCs for the energy catalysis.Firstly,the definition and classifications of DMSCs are proposed,mainly dividing into three types(isolated dual-metal site pairs,binuclear homologous dual-metal sites pairs,binuclear heterologous dual-metal sites pairs).Subsequently,we discuss the potential of DMSCs targeting on energy conversion reactions,such as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and possible opportunities on the unique carbon-based DMSCs for energy applications in the future.展开更多
Single atom catalysts(SACs)have become the frontier research fields in catalysis.The M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs,wherein single metal atoms(M1)are stabilized by N-doped carbonaceous materials,have provided new opportu...Single atom catalysts(SACs)have become the frontier research fields in catalysis.The M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs,wherein single metal atoms(M1)are stabilized by N-doped carbonaceous materials,have provided new opportunities for catalysis due to their high reactivity,maximized atomic utilization,and high selectivity.In this review,the fabrication methods of M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs via support anchoring strategy and coordination design strategy are summarized to help the readers understand the interaction mechanism of single atoms and support.Then,characterization technologies for identifying single metal atoms are presented.Besides,the environmental applications including management of harmful gases,water purification are discussed.Finally,future opportunities and challenges for preparation strategies,mechanisms and applications are concluded.We conclude this review by emphasizing the fact that M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs has the potential to become an important candidate for solving current and future environmental pollution problems.展开更多
Metal nanoclusters(NCs)are ultrasmall molecular aggregates consisting of dozens to hundreds of metal atoms consolidated by organic ligands,which represent an emerging area of nanoscience.Amide a myriad of metal NCs,co...Metal nanoclusters(NCs)are ultrasmall molecular aggregates consisting of dozens to hundreds of metal atoms consolidated by organic ligands,which represent an emerging area of nanoscience.Amide a myriad of metal NCs,copper NCs(CuNCs)comprise a low-cost,high-value subclass that has attracted great attention.The variable copper cores and diversity of protecting ligands have rendered CuNCs interesting molecular aggregates featuring structural and compositional versatility,hence showing distinctive properties and potential applications.In the present review,we have summarized the progress on atomically precise CuNCs that exhibit a range of appealing properties and applications in different fields.This review is expected to provide not only an overview of the current development on atomically precise CuNCs,but also possible directions for the future design of novel CuNCs for fundamental studies and practical applications.展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200200)Peiyang Talents Project of Tianjin University.
文摘Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behavior.Binary MX2 layers with different metal and/or chalcogen elements have similar structural parameters but varied optoelectronic properties,providing opportunities for atomically substitutional engineering via partial alteration of metal or/and chalcogenide atoms to produce ternary or quaternary TMDs.The resulting multinary TMD layers still maintain structural integrity and homogeneity while achieving tunable(opto)electronic properties across a full range of composition with arbitrary ratios of introduced metal or chalcogen to original counterparts(0–100%).Atomic substitution in TMD layers offers new adjustable degrees of freedom for tailoring crystal phase,band alignment/structure,carrier density,and surface reactive activity,enabling novel and promising applications.This review comprehensively elaborates on atomically substitutional engineering in TMD layers,including theoretical foundations,synthetic strategies,tailored properties,and superior applications.The emerging type of ternary TMDs,Janus TMDs,is presented specifically to highlight their typical compounds,fabrication methods,and potential applications.Finally,opportunities and challenges for further development of multinary TMDs are envisioned to expedite the evolution of this pivotal field.
文摘BACKGROUND: Latest researches at home and abroad indicate that glycerol trinitrate plays its function because it can metabolize into nitrogen monoxide (NO) in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effects of NO vector of ultrasonic atomizing inhalation on vertebro-basilar artery insufficiency (VBI) through transcranial Doppler (TCD) detection and serum NO content and indirect effect of TCD on cerebral blood flow changes. DESIGN: Randomized grouping and controlled clinical study. SETTING: Department of Neurology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 130 patients who were diagnosed as VBI were selected from Department of Neurology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan from December 2001 to December 2005. The involved inpatients were checked by CT and MRI, and met the VBI diagnostic standard enacted by the Fourth National Academic Meeting of Cerebrovascular Disease in 1995. All patients and their relatives provided the confumed consent. They were randomly divided into low-dose treatment group (n =60), high-lose treatment group (n =30) and control group (n =40). METHODS: Patients in the low-dose and high-dose treatment groups were given ultrasonic atomizing inhalation of 3 mg and 5 mg glycerol trinitrate, respectively, for 20 minutes, once a day. In addition, ligustrazine and energy mixture were used once a day for three days in a course. Cases in the control group were only given ligustrazine and energy mixture. All selected cases accepted TCD, blood NO content was checked at the time of beginning, after the first time and after a period of treatment. According to the TCD test, VBI patients were divided into two groups (high-low flow velocity). The vertebral artery (VA) and basal artery (BA) of left or right sides were detected by 2 Hz detector via occipital window. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Blood flow velocity of systolic phase, blood flow velocity of diastole phase and vascular resistance in left and right VA and BA detected by using TCD before treatment, after treatment for one course; ②content of serum NO indirectly measured by using nitric acid disoxidation technique. RESULTS: All 130 VBI patients were involved in the final analysis. ①Changes of hemodynamic indexes: Systolic phase of VA and diastole phase of BA were higher in low-dose treatment group than that in the control group after first treatment, and there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05); meanwhile, systolic phase and diastole phase of VA and systolic phase of BA were also higher in treatment group than that in the control group after one course (P 〈 0.05). However, both systolic phase and diastole phase of VA and BA were lower in high-dose treatment group than that in the control group after first treatment and one course, and there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05). ②Content of serum NO: After first treatment, there was no significant difference between low-dose treatment group and high-dose treatment group (P 〉 0.05); but both groups were higher than control group, and there was significant difference (P 〈 0.05, 0.01). CONCLUSION: NO vector of ultrasonic atomizing inhalation can improve VBI so as to improve cerebral blood-supply state.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22201262 and 52201261)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420290)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702939).
文摘Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The reasonable utilization of carbonbased DMSCs provides new possibilities to achieve the outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable selectivity,recyclability in energy-related catalysis.Based on this,this review intends to summarize the recent breakthroughs in carbonbased DMSCs for the energy catalysis.Firstly,the definition and classifications of DMSCs are proposed,mainly dividing into three types(isolated dual-metal site pairs,binuclear homologous dual-metal sites pairs,binuclear heterologous dual-metal sites pairs).Subsequently,we discuss the potential of DMSCs targeting on energy conversion reactions,such as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and possible opportunities on the unique carbon-based DMSCs for energy applications in the future.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51979294)the U.S.Department of Agriculture(No.2018-68011-28371)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation(No.1833988)the Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha(No.kq1905064).
文摘Single atom catalysts(SACs)have become the frontier research fields in catalysis.The M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs,wherein single metal atoms(M1)are stabilized by N-doped carbonaceous materials,have provided new opportunities for catalysis due to their high reactivity,maximized atomic utilization,and high selectivity.In this review,the fabrication methods of M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs via support anchoring strategy and coordination design strategy are summarized to help the readers understand the interaction mechanism of single atoms and support.Then,characterization technologies for identifying single metal atoms are presented.Besides,the environmental applications including management of harmful gases,water purification are discussed.Finally,future opportunities and challenges for preparation strategies,mechanisms and applications are concluded.We conclude this review by emphasizing the fact that M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs has the potential to become an important candidate for solving current and future environmental pollution problems.
基金Science,Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20180507183413211RGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme,Grant/Award Number:SRFS2021-5S01+4 种基金Hong Kong Research Grants Council,Grant/Award Number:PolyU153062/18PGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials,Grant/Award Number:2019B121205002Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Grant/Award Number:1-ZE1CResearch Institute for Smart Energy,Grant/Award Number:CDAQMiss Clarea Au for the Endowed Professorship in Energy,Grant/Award Number:847S。
文摘Metal nanoclusters(NCs)are ultrasmall molecular aggregates consisting of dozens to hundreds of metal atoms consolidated by organic ligands,which represent an emerging area of nanoscience.Amide a myriad of metal NCs,copper NCs(CuNCs)comprise a low-cost,high-value subclass that has attracted great attention.The variable copper cores and diversity of protecting ligands have rendered CuNCs interesting molecular aggregates featuring structural and compositional versatility,hence showing distinctive properties and potential applications.In the present review,we have summarized the progress on atomically precise CuNCs that exhibit a range of appealing properties and applications in different fields.This review is expected to provide not only an overview of the current development on atomically precise CuNCs,but also possible directions for the future design of novel CuNCs for fundamental studies and practical applications.