Populational change of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg cells is responsible for the synergistic effect of the combination of RAMP2 with baicalin in treating recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse models

Background: The absence of a safe and effective therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion due to a maternofetal failure in immunological tolerance remains an intractable clinical obstacle for surgeons. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has become a feasible alternative for certain diseases, including recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, because of the complex composition of the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its action mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We selected two isolated active ingredients (RAMP and baicalin) from the traditional Chinese medicine formula and used an abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 model to simulate human RSA and compared the changes in fetal resorption rate, Treg cell percentage, and relevant cytokines before and after combination therapy. In addition, The mechanisms were preliminarily discussed using in vitro differentiation models. Results: In CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice, the combination therapy resulted in a lower embryo resorption rate compared to that obtained with individual delivery of either RAMP or baicalin, thereby playing an embryo-protective role through the increase in Treg cells for the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In in vitro primary cell differentiation experiments, the concentration of Treg cells significantly increased from 11% to 17.9% after the combination therapy compared to that of the single administration group. Conclusion: the synergistic effects of RAMP and baicalin were responsible for Treg differentiation. The present study provides a solid basis for improving the applicability of traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Chemical components and protective effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz.ex Kitam against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats

BACKGROUND Atractylodes japonica Koidz.ex Kitam.(A.japonica,Chinese name:Guan-Cangzhu,Japanese name:Byaku-jutsu),a perennial herb,which is mainly distributed in northeast area of China,it’s often used to treat digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer(GU).However,the mechanism of its potential protective effects against GU remains unclear.AIM To investigate the protective effects of A.japonica on acetic acid-induced GU rats.METHODS The chemical constituents of A.japonica were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)analysis.The rat model of GU was simulated by acetic acid method.The pathological changes of gastric tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin stain,the levels of epidermal growth factor(EGF),EGF receptor(EGFR),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-10,Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATPase(NKA)in serum and gastric tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the mRNA expressions of EGFR,NF-κBp65,IkappaBalpha(IκBα)and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)in gastric tissues were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and the efficacy was observed.Then,plasma metabolomic analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to screen the specific potential biomarkers,metabolic pathways and to explore the possible mechani-sms.RESULTS 48 chemical constituents were identified.Many of them have strong pharmacological activity,the results also revealed that A.japonica significantly improved the pathological damage of gastric tissues,increased the expression levels of IL-10,IκBαrelated to anti-inflammatory factors,decreased the expression levels of IL-1β,NF-κB,NF-κBp65,related to proinflammatory factors,restored the levels of factors about EGF,EGFR,ZO-1 associated with ulcer healing and the levels of factors about NKA associated with energy metabolism.Metabolomic analysis identified 10 potential differential metabolites and enriched 7 related metabolic pathways.CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential mechanism of A.japonica to improve acetic acidinduced GU,and will be of great importance for the development and clinical application of natural drugs related to A.japonica.

Control Effect of Validamycin against Seedling Blight of Atractylodes macrocephala

[Objective] The paper was to explore the effective agent against seedling blight of Atractylodes macrocephala. [Method] The control effects of 60% validamycin A SP against seeding blight of A. macrocephala were studied in the field, and compared with that of control agent 20% bismerthiazol WP. [Result] At 14 d post the third spraying, the control effect of 60% validamycin A SP at the dose of 495-540 g/hm;was 76.9%,which was equivalent to that of control agent 20% bismerthiazol WP sprayed at the dose of 270 g/hm;（76.7%）. [Conclusion] 60% Validamycin A SP could be used as the ideal agent against seedling blight of A. macrocephala, with good prospects of application and popularization.

Pharmacodynamic Substance and Mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in Treating PD Based on LC-MS and Network Pharmacology Technology

[Objectives]The paper was to explore the pharmacodynamic substances and mechanism of Atractylodes macrocephala in treating primary dysmenorrhea(PD).[Methods]The components of A.macrocephala were qualitatively identified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)combined with analyst TF 1.7.1 and peakview 2.2 software with reference to internal databases and literatures.The chemical components of A.macrocephala and the target of PD were collected by using network pharmacological data.The common genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)of genes and genomes with the help of String database and Metascape platform,and the affinity between core molecules and key targets was verified.[Results]A total of 23 chemical components of A.macrocephala were identified,and 301 gene targets of chemical components of A.macrocephala,614 targets of PD,and 25 intersection targets were obtained.GO analysis results obtained 505 biological processes,11 cellular components,and 33 molecular functions.KEGG pathway analysis showed that it mainly involved TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway and arachidonic acid metabolism.The top 4 targets of PPI network centrality and the top 5 compounds of A.macrocephala-component-target-disease network centrality were selected for docking.The docking results showed that atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II had strong binding ability.[Conclusions]A.macrocephala may exert a curative effect on PD by targeting atractylenolide I,Selinar-4(15),7(11)-dien-8-one,and atractylenolide II on key targets such as TNF,IL6,IL1β,PTGS2 to regulate cellular TNF signaling pathway,IL-17 signaling pathway,estrogen receptor signaling pathway,and arachidonic acid metabolism.

Chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Atractylodes lancea:A review

Atractylodes lancea(called Cangzhu in China)is a medicinal plant that has long been used as tonic agent in various ethno-medical systems in East Asia,especially in China,for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction,cancer,osteoporosis,obesity and fetal irritability.We used the TCMSP database to search for the main active ingredients and traditional Chinese medicine targets of Atractylodes macrocephala.There are a total of 38 related articles,of which 27 are closely related to chemical composition and activity.This study reviews the chemical components and pharmacological effects of A.lancea,aiming to provide reference for its further research and development.

Analysis of the Causes of Continuous Cropping Obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz in Pingjiang County and Its Control Methods

First at all, it introduced the concept and the damages of continuous cropping obstacle. Then, it analyzed the causes of continuous cropping obstacles for Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. In the end, in order to provide guidance for pro- moting sustainable development of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz industry in Pingjiang County, it put forward some control methods for eliminating continuous cropping obstacles of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, including breeding varieties with high resistance; applying rotation cropping and intercropping reasonable; rational fertilization and soil disinfection; introducing antagonistic bacterial and eliminating au- tointoxication.

Effects of Atractylodes Macrocephala on the Cytomembrane Ca^(2+)-activated K^+ Currents in Cells of Human Pregnant Myometrial Smooth Muscles

The study examined the inhibitory effect of Atractylodes macrocephala （AM） on the uterine contraction during premature delivery and explored its electrophysiological mechanism by studying the effects of AM on the Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells with or without the treatment with intedeukin-6. Single cells were acutely isolated from pregnant human myometrial smooth muscles. Whole-cell Ca^2＋-activated K^＋ currents were recorded by using an Axopatchl-D amplifier. The cells were divided into three groups： group A in which AM was added into perfusate, group B, in which interleukin-6 was added into perfusate） and group C in which AM was added into perfusate after addition of interleukin-6. IL-6 10 ng/mL inhibited BKca by 36.9%±13.7% as compared with control （P〈0.01）. AM at 2 mg/mL raised BKca by 36.7%±22.6% or 45.2%±13.7% with or without the treatment of IL-6, respectively （P〈0.01）. It is concluded that AM was able to enhance the BKca of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells treated or untreated with interleukin-6 and its effect on the BKca IL-treated cells was stronger that its effect on BKca of untreated cells. Our results suggested that AM can help to maintain the membrane potentials and the resting status of pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells.

Advances in research on chemical constituents,pharmacological actions and processing of atractylodes macrocephala

Rhizome atractylodes macrocephalae is the dry roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.It is one of commonly used Chinese medicine.In the "Shennong′s Herbal",it was listed as the top grade.It mainly contains volatile oil,atractylenolides,atractylodes polysaccharides,glycosides and amino acids.And it has the medical functions of good for spleen and intestine,diuretic and dehumidification,hidroschesis,miscarriage prevention and soon.In order to provide references for further development and utilization,this paper systematic arranged the Chinese medicine atractylodes chemical composition,pharmacological effects,processing technology and effect of processing technology on chemical composition and pharmacological action.

Prescription and treatment rules for the prescriptions containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine based on traditional Chinese Medicine inheritance support platform

Objectives:To provide a theoretical basis for the development of the new products of Poria cocos-Atractylodes macrocephala couplet medicine.Methods:All prescription preparations containing Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala were collected from the Drug Standards of the Ministry of Public Health Drug Standard·Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation(called Traditional Chinese Medicine Set Prescription Preparation for short).After standardization,the information of each prescription preparation was input into the Chinese Traditional Medicine Inheritance Support Platform(V2.5),and the relevant rules of the software were adopted.Data mining methods were used to analyze the frequency of drugs,main symptoms and diseases in prescriptions,and to analyze the regularity of prescriptions.The prescription rules of top 2 high frequency attending syndromes and diseases were analyzed.Results:There were total of 337 prescription preparations containing couplet medicine of Poria cocos and Atractylodes macrocephala,107 kinds of main symptoms and 66 kinds of diseases.The high frequency syndromes were deficiency of Qi and blood and weakness of spleen and stomach,and the high frequency syndromes were anorexia and irregular menstruation.Conclusion:The couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala prescription is mainly used to treat digestive tract diseases and gynecological diseases;it mostly takes tonifying deficiency efficat.It can treat different diseases being compatible with different medicinal materials.The study can provide theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development of the couplet medicine of Poria cocos-atractylodes macrocephala.

Effects of Different Initial Processing Methods on Atractylodin Content of Atractylodes chinensis

[Objectives]The paper was to compare the effects of different initial processing methods on atractylodin content of Atractylodes chinensis.[Methods]The atractylodin content of A.chinensis obtained by different initial processing methods was determined by HPLC.The loss rate on drying was determined by weighing.[Results]In the study of drying methods,the atractylodin content varied significantly among different thicknesses of slices,and the overall content of the product with the slice thickness of 5 mm was higher.Among different drying methods,constant temperature vacuum drying and shade drying of 5 mm slice resulted in the highest content of atractylodin.In the experiment of root impacting,root impacting twice received the best effect,and there was no significant difference in the atractylosin content of A.chinensis between drying in the sun and drying in the shade after root impacting twice(P>0.05).[Conclusions]Constant temperature vacuum drying or drying in the shade with the slice thickness of 5 mm,and root impacting twice is the best initial processing method,which leads to high atractylodin content of A.chinensis and good quality of medicinal materials.

白术炮制规格及其化学成分与药理作用研究进展

白术是菊科多年生草本植物,药典收载白术和麸炒白术两种饮片规格,主要有效成分为挥发油、内酯、多糖、黄酮和苷类等。主要作用于胃肠道、免疫与神经系统,发挥调节胃肠道、抗肿瘤、抗炎护肝和保护神经等多种药理作用。本文对白术的古今炮制规格及其化学成分和药理作用进行综述,以期为白术的临床应用提供参考。

HPLC多波长切换指纹图谱结合化学计量学研究白术土炒前后成分变化规律

目的 建立测定白术、土白术水溶性和脂溶性成分的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)多波长切换指纹图谱,结合化学计量学研究白术土炒前后成分变化规律。方法 建立白术、土白术水溶性及脂溶性成分的HPLC-DAD多波长切换指纹图谱测定方法,测定17批白术和17批土白术的HPLC指纹图谱,采用相似度评价、聚类分析、OPLS-DA分析进行统计分析。结果 白术指纹图谱中共标定9个共有峰,土白术指纹图谱中共标定10个共有峰。指认了新绿原酸、绿原酸、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ及苍术酮6个成分,土炒后1号峰、4号峰(白术内酯Ⅲ)、8号峰(白术内酯Ⅱ)峰面积增加,2号峰(新绿原酸)、3号峰(绿原酸)、5号峰、6号峰、7号峰、9号峰(白术内酯Ⅰ)、10号峰(苍术酮)土炒后峰面积均降低。结论 所建立指纹图谱方法能够系统地分析白术土炒前后化学成分的变化规律,可为进一步规范白术土炒工艺,制定土白术专属性质量标准,研究土白术炮制原理提供实验基础。

白术多糖对动物免疫调节作用研究进展

随着集约化养殖规模的快速发展,畜禽疾病呈现传播快、易流行等特点,并且免疫抑制现象普遍存在,使我国畜禽疫病防控面临较大压力。白术是菊科植物白术的干燥根茎,是一味常用的补益类中药,现代医学研究表明,白术多糖是其主要活性成分之一。文章综述了近年来白术多糖在动物免疫方面的研究进展,为白术深入研究和临床开发应用提供参考。

关苍术亲脂性化学成分研究

目的:研究关苍术亲脂性成分的化学成分。方法:使用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、中压液相色谱和半制备HPLC等方法对关苍术中的化学成分进行分离纯化,并通过理化性质和MS与NMR等波谱技术对其化学成分进行结构鉴定。结果:从关苍术药材中分离并鉴定了12种化合物,分别鉴定为osthol(1)、Atractylochromene(2)、6,7-二羟基-8-甲氧基香豆素(3)、8-羟基-6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(4)、7-甲氧基香豆素(5)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(6)、蒲公英萜醇乙酸酯(7)、白术内酯Ⅱ(8)、白术内酯Ⅰ(9)、桉叶-4(15)-烯-7β,11-二醇(10)、反式对羟基桂皮酸甲酯(11)、丁香醛(12)。结论:化合物1,3~6,10~12为首次从关苍术中分离的化合物。

我国东北地区苍术的生境适宜性评价

苍术(Atractylodes lancea)是我国东北地区的道地药材,市场需求日益增加,人们种植意愿浓厚。然而,当前苍术人工栽培种源杂乱、存活率低、产量及品质参差不齐,原因在于对苍术的适宜生存环境缺乏科学判断。针对东北地区苍术的自然分布数据和环境变量数据,应用最大熵模型(Maxent)和地理信息系统(GIS)对其生境适宜性进行评估和区划。结果表明:苍术在我国东北地区主要分布于辽西山地、小兴安岭、长白山及其余脉,生境适宜区(P>0.5)面积为10.96万km^(2),占东北地区总面积的8.84%;影响苍术分布的6个主要环境因子(贡献率)依次为年均降水量(26.5%)、最暖季平均温度(18.6%)、降水量季节性变异系数(16.6%)、海拔(12.2%)、年平均气温(11%)、最冷季降水量(5.2%),累计贡献率超过90%,水分因子(年均降水量+降水量季节性变异系数)比温度因子(最暖季平均温度+年平均气温)对苍术的分布影响更大;根据对苍术主要生境适宜区的分析,苍术在东北地区可能存在两种气候生态型,即辽西的耐旱型、长白山的耐寒型。综上所述,在发展苍术种植产业的过程中,除了应关注苍术的适宜分布区以外,还应充分考虑不同区域种源的生态需求,以避免由于盲目引种而导致的种植损失。

饲料中添加白术提取物对日本沼虾生长、健康和抗病力的影响

文章研究了饲料中添加不同水平的白术提取物(Extraction of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz,EAMK)对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)生产性能、器官指数、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力、消化系统健康和抗病力的影响。实验以初始体重为(0.21±0.05)g的日本沼虾为研究对象,设置6个饲料处理,白术提取物添加量为0、100、200、400、600和1200 mg/kg(Control、A100、A200、A400、A600和A1200)。每个饲料处理设6个重复,每个养殖缸放入60尾虾,实验周期为75d,每天记录采食量。养殖实验期间监测水体温度为(20±3)℃,pH为7.8—8.2,亚硝酸盐为0.16—0.2 mg/L,氨氮为0.02—0.1 mg/L,溶氧>6.0 mg/L。在实验结束后,分析日本沼虾生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道消化酶和免疫指标及肝胰腺抗氧化能力,观察日本沼虾的组织结构,用嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)进行攻毒并记录存活率。结果表明:饲料中添加200 mg/kg的白术提取物可以显著提高日本沼虾的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR),并显著降低饲料系数(FC;P<0.05)。各处理组间的肝体比、出肉率和体成分均无显著性差异(P>0.05);A100组的血清葡萄糖(Glu)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并能显著降低谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性(P<0.05);各白术提取物处理组的血清甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇含量(TC)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);A400组的肝胰腺GSH-Px活性显著高于A100组和对照组(P<0.05),A600组的肝胰腺CAT活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),A200和400组的肠道iNOS的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);A400组的日本沼虾肠绒毛显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并且减轻了肝细胞的空泡化,促进了鳃的完整性;A100处理组的嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后存活率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,白术提取物可以提高日本沼虾的生长性能和抗氧化能力,提高抗病力,在日本沼虾饲料中适宜添加量为100—400 mg/kg。

高效液相色谱法测定白术中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量

本实验建立了高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)测定白术中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量。采用Hypersil GOLD(250 mm×4.6 mm,5um),以乙腈为流动相A、以0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,白术内酯Ⅰ检测波长为276 nm,白术内酯Ⅱ、白术内酯Ⅲ检测波长为220 nm,柱温为35℃,进样体积为20μL。白术内酯Ⅰ在0.10~1.60μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.29%(RSD=2.25%);白术内酯Ⅱ在0.10~1.60μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.07%(RSD=2.59%);白术内酯Ⅲ在0.10~1.60μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为100.43%(RSD=2.20%)。结果表明该方法分离度好、准确度高、重现性好,可测定白术中白术内酯Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的含量。

林下苍术“拟境栽培”技术

林下种植中药材是模拟药用植物野生生境的“拟境栽培”方式,有利于提高药材产量和林下土地资源的高效利用。本研究以苍术林下种植为研究对象,结合种植实践,从地块选择、整地、移栽、播种、田间管理等方面总结了林下苍术“拟境栽培”技术要领和影响林下苍术生长发育过程中光合特性参数及有效成分合成和积累的生态因素,以期为林下大规模种植苍术提供技术理论支持。

白术的法象药理及其临床意义

“以象释药”是中医象思维在中药学研究与应用中的极好体现。白术为“后天培土圣药”,但在《神农本草经》等本草经典中,古人常以之治疗痃癖、结肿、山岚瘴气等诸多疑难怪证。对此,按药性常论往往难以理解。但若以“法象药理”“象性合参”的角度,这些功效应用可以从白术独特的“药象”中找到答案。古代本草著作对于白术特殊药象多有详尽阐释,称之为“盘结丑怪,有兽之形”,以及“桴蓟”“多刺有风象”等。笔者结合传统本草和现代药学研究,将白术的药象特点概括为:叶裂羽刺,团根瘤皱,肉白辛香。而这些药象均与其“逐风水结肿”“痃癖气块”“主大风在身面”等特殊药效密切相关。正如徐灵胎所言:“因形以求理,则其效可知矣。”由此认识白术的“象-效”相关性,可帮助我们理解古人的药学智慧,弘扬传统本草理论的现代应用价值。

白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的网络药理学分析及试验验证

旨在通过网络药理学和动物试验探究白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的效果和机制。通过TCMSP数据库获得白术-肉苁蓉成分及对应的靶点蛋白,借助GeneCards、OMIM等数据库得到便秘相关靶点。将基因整理导入UniProt数据库后利用Venny2.1.0、Cytoscape3.7.2和STRING绘制韦恩图及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,并使用CentiScaPe 2.2插件进行分析。再通过DAVID数据库进行生物信息学GO分析及KEGG信号通路富集分析。通过AutodockTools和PyMOL等软件对部分核心靶点与潜在靶点较多的成分进行分子对接验证。将40只小鼠随机分为空白组(6只)和盐酸洛哌丁胺组(34只),分别用蒸馏水和10.0 mg·kg^(-1)盐酸洛哌丁胺灌胃。造模成功后,将30只便秘小鼠均分为模型组、阳性对照组和高、中、低剂量药物组。空白组和模型组蒸馏水灌胃,阳性对照组10.0 mg·kg^(-1)枸橼酸莫沙必利灌胃,高、中、低剂量药物组分别灌胃4.8、2.4、1.2 g·kg^(-1)的白术-肉苁蓉混悬液治疗,每日1次,持续7 d。7 d后进行排便和小肠运动试验。结果发现,PTGS 2为连接度最高的靶点基因,共筛选出AKT1、TNF和IL-6等19个白术-肉苁蓉治疗便秘的核心靶点,KEGG富集分析表明,脂质和动脉粥样硬化及乙型肝炎等通路较为关键。分子对接结果显示,白术-肉苁蓉潜在靶点较多的成分与便秘核心靶点结合较好。动物试验表明,与模型组比较,中、高剂量药物组首粒黑便时间显著缩短,小肠推进率显著增高。综上,白术-肉苁蓉可改善慢传输型便秘,多种活性成分可能通过PTGS2、AKT1、TNF和IL-6等关键靶点,调节多条信号通路治疗便秘。