Translation of Metro Station Names in Guangzhou and Foshan from the Perspective of Symbolic Function of Translation Landscape

Guangzhou and Foshan enjoy relatively mature metro network.However,some names of metro stations are over-transliterated in Pinyin.Such a translation method is used in translating general names,nouns of locality and some names of tourist destinations.With translation landscape and linguistic landscape theories,the reasons and impacts of over-transliteration in Guangzhou and Foshan metro will be discussed from the perspective of symbolic function.English names of Metro stations in other cities serve as a reference so as to appropriate solutions.

《In a station of the Metro》在中国的翻译与阐释

庞德的《In a station of the Metro》一诗在中国的翻译与阐释存在很多不足，甚至出现了误读。这种误读有深刻的动因：中国古典诗歌及诗论影响了庞德诗歌及诗论．这种影响反过来左右着中国读者对意象派诗歌的理解。

Risk identification and risk mitigation during metro station construction by enlarging shield tunnel combined with cut-and-cover method

Constructing a metro station by enlarging shield tunnels combined with a mining/cut-and-cover method provides a new method to solve the contradictions of construction time limits of shield tunnels and stations. As a new-style construction method, there are several specific risks involved in the construction process. Based on the test section of Sanyuanqiao station on Beijing metro line 10, and combined with the existing methods of risk identification at present, including a review of world-wide operational experience of similar projects, the study of generic guidance on hazards associated with the type of work being undertaken, and discussions with qualified and experienced staff from the project team, etc., the specific risks during the construction process of the metro station constructed by enlarging shield tunnels combined with the cut-and-cover method are identified. The results show that the specific risks mainly come from three construction processes which include constructing upper enclosure structures, excavating the soil between shield tunnels and demolishing shield segments. Then relevant risk mitigation measures are put forward. The results can provide references for scheme improvement and a comprehensive risk assessment of the new-style construction method.

Metro passenger flow control with station-to-station cooperation based on stop-skipping and boarding limiting

Metro passenger flow control problem is studied under given total inbound demand in this work,which considers passenger demand control and train capacity supply.Relevant connotations are analyzed and a mathematical model is developed.The decision variables are boarding limiting and stop-skipping strategies and the objective is the maximal passenger profit.And a passenger original station choice model based on utility theory is built to modify the inbound passenger distribution among stations.Algorithm of metro passenger flow control scheme is designed,where two key technologies of stopping-station choice and headway adjustment are given and boarding limiting and train stopping-station scheme are optimized.Finally,a real case of Beijing metro is taken for example to verify validity.The results show that in the three scenarios with different ratios of normal trains to stop-skipping trains,the total limited passenger volume is the smallest and the systematic profit is the largest in scenario 3.

Tension in In a Station of a Metro to Explore the Energy in Language

Pound's poem In a Station of a Metro is a masterpiece of imagism. Pound once talked about the energy in language, and American scholar Allen Tate told us that the meaning of poetry is its tension. Based on those two notions, this essay focuses on that how the tension in In a Station of a Metro presented and those tensions form harmony, fully releasing the energy in language in Pound's hand, enabling readers being fascinated for generations in that way.

Analysis of the Development of the Commercial Space Around Metro Stations in Urban Core Areas Based on Place Making: A Case Study of Chunxi Road Metro Station in Chengdu

The metro is the most efficient and convenient public transport system in modern cities. For urban core areas in China, in which the metro was built later, there was more consideration for meeting the traffic needs of cities. However, there are few studies of collaborative planning for metro stations and their surrounding space. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct research on collaborative planning for metro stations and their surrounding commercial space in urban core areas. Unlike conventional methods of integrated design of stations and cities, this paper, based on the theory of place spirit, took Chunxi Road Metro Station in Chengdu and its surrounding commercial space for example. It explored the pattern and characteristics of the place in the commercial space around the metro station, analyzed the strategies of cultural and commercial integration, as well as architecture, street, landscape and other aspects of the design method in the space, and explored the strategies of place-making and infiltration, providing a reference point for the development and place-making of the commercial space around metro stations in urban core areas.

Current Situation and Application of Commercial Complex in Metro Stations:A Case Study of Nanchang City

With the rapid development of China's urbanization process,people put forward higher requirements for the efficient use of limited land resources.Facing the huge pressure brought by factors such as land,transportation and environment,the means of transportation on the ground have long been unable to meet the needs of people in modern cities.Metro is favored by people because of its high speed,stability and large capacity,and has become the best choice to relieve congestion in the public transportation system.How to efficiently use land resources while constructing urban metro systems?This article sorts out the current status of commercial construction in Nanchang metros to study the application value of commercial complex in the metro stations of Nanchang,so as to provide some useful references for related theoretical research.

Cost Estimation for Modernization of Metro Terminal Stations Using ANN Technique

The current situation of Cairo metro stations,especially terminal stations and its surrounding areas,has bad financial revenue and bad effect on environment.It is a major factor in increasing of noise,traffic jam and air pollution,in addition to,spreading of street vendors,collecting of random parking around these terminal stations.Thus,this paper proposed a methodology helping to apply multilateral investments in metro terminal stations for getting extra profits and decreasing the bad environmental effect of terminal stations and its surrounding areas.Hence,Helwan-Metro station on line 1 has been considered as a case study.Number of passengers at peak time,their ages,and their destinations,have been considered by making a field survey and a questionnaire.After collecting data and finalizing the surveying questionnaire,primary studies were done to modify and introduce a new proposal for Helwan-Metro station.The initial cost of the proposed project is predicted by using Artificial Neural Network technique using Just NN software.The investment feasibility achieved by consideration of Life Cycle Cost analysis and calculation of Net Present Value(NPV)of the proposed project.

地铁车站BIM模型信息完备性审查研究

随着智能建造的发展,三维正向设计逐渐替代了传统二维设计,对设计成果的交付审查也将同步转换为对建筑信息模型的审查。地铁建筑设计区别于其他建筑具备较强的功能性,在实际设计交付成果审查中,会存在错审率、漏项高等问题。为解决该问题,本文依据相关国家标准,构建适用于地铁车站建筑信息模型完备性审查的本体模型,同时集成工业基础类(IFC 4.0)实例信息、计算机规则技术,实现模型完备性审查。以地铁车站的建筑单元为例,实现地铁车站模型在方案设计阶段的交付工作。该方法的提出有助于促进整个建筑行业的信息化发展。

TOD导向下的城市轨道交通站区用地绩效评价——以广州若干地铁站区为例

为推动TOD的本土化实践,聚焦于现有的地铁站区用地成果,应用用地绩效评价分析框架并结合TOD用地原则,构建TOD导向下的站区用地“强度—结构—价值”三维绩效评价体系,同时采用改进的TOPSIS法与障碍度模型对广州若干地铁站区进行实证研究,得出案例站区的TOD用地绩效水平,并从中总结TOD用地实践的积极经验。结果表明,部分案例站区已具有一定的TOD用地特征,尤其在用地结构、价值等维度上表现出良好水平,汲取相关成熟经验对于TOD的本土化实践具有较强的借鉴意义,但也需正视传统用地强度模式与TOD理念间的冲突、用地结构的优化与经济、社会等多元价值的协调等重点问题。

基于建筑环境心理学理讼的地铁空间艺术化营造

[目的]地铁站的空间体量、布局、形状、尺度及环境艺术氛围的营造,对于乘客的心理和感触效应有较大影响。为提升乘客满意度,升华建筑功能,同时体现出对使用者感官和精神的尊重,需要基于建筑环境心理学对地铁空间艺术化营造进行探究。[方法]从建筑环境心理学角度分析了地铁站地下空间的特点及地铁空间艺术化营造的需求。以乘客对传统车站空间环境品质的真实体验为视角,从地铁空间形态优化、室内外空间互联互通、车站光营造、环境色彩、感官营造等方面,结合实际设计案例,对地铁空间艺术化营造的功能空间及实际效果进行研究。[结果及结论]地铁站内部及外部空间艺术化营造的设计手法,需充分发挥多学科研究优势,重视人与地铁空间环境的互动,建设符合时代要求的“以人为本”的轨道交通建筑。

地铁入口空间布局对室内空气质量的影响研究

城市地铁地处繁华地区,结构封闭,周边环境污染源较多,室内易积累污染物。本研究重点关注地铁口空间布局对室外颗粒物进入的影响,在调研中选取地铁站入口方向、顶棚形态、入口高宽比3个形态指标作为影响因子,经过实测验证CFD模型的可行性后,选择RNG k-ε模型模拟不同风速下各地铁口形态的室内污染情况。结果表明:(1)侧向比正向入口颗粒拦截率高一倍;(2)入口高宽比小于1∶1时入口宽度越大,地铁站整体空气质量越好;(3)顶棚形态对室内颗粒物的消减排列为:斜顶>平顶>无顶;(4)地铁口空间形态对不同直径的颗粒拦截效果不同。形态设计可以改善站内颗粒物进入情况,通过空气对流、回流减少室外污染物的直接灌入。

暗挖地铁车站施工中靶向注浆技术的影响因素及效果控制

[目的]常规注浆施工技术中浆液无效扩散较为严重,对岩土体的加固效果不理想。对此,需研究靶向注浆技术在地铁车站及隧道预注浆施工中的应用。[方法]阐述了靶向注浆技术的加固机理,基于双液浆的流变方程,并结合均匀毛管组理论,分析靶向注浆技术的影响因素,推导得到双液浆柱形渗透扩散时扩散半径及浆液压力计算式。将推导得到的理论计算式应用于某地铁车站的预注浆工程施工中,以验证预注浆施工的效果。[结果及结论]靶向注浆技术将压密注浆技术和渗透注浆技术相结合,在保证注浆效果的同时能节约材料的用量并保护周边环境。参数分析显示:浆液扩散半径值受地下水压、浆液流速、双液浆黏性参数A和黏性参数B的显著影响,在所假定的参数变化范围内,浆液扩散半径的变化规律得到了较好的体现。现场监测数据表明,整个预注浆施工过程中未造成地表抬升和环境污染,注浆加固效果可达到安全开挖要求,达到了预期的效果。

上海地铁运营车站出入口底板改造防水技术探讨

上海地铁运营线网中,有为数不少的车站出入口缺少下行自动扶梯,根据相关部门要求,上海地铁已开展了一部分出入口的加装扶梯改造,并计划未来几年覆盖全网;加装扶梯过程中,有部分出入口需要局部开挖结构底板增设扶梯基坑,施工风险较大。以此类涉及出入口改造项目为例,介绍运营车站出入口底板改造中的防水关键技术,以期为今后同类型改造项目的防水设计提供借鉴。

黄土地区洞桩法地铁车站边桩和中柱的受力变形机理

[目的]为了确保黄土地区洞桩法车站施工过程中重要竖向承重构件的稳定性,需要对施工过程中边桩和中柱的受力变形机理进行研究,并对最不利受力阶段边桩和中柱提出变形控制措施。[方法]以西安地铁2号线何家营站为研究背景,通过数值模拟与现场监测的方法,对施工过程中边桩的水平位移、钢筋内力、水平土压力及中柱应变展开研究。[结果及结论]扣拱施作以及站厅层和站台层土体开挖是边桩水平位移最不利的三个阶段,在这些关键阶段施工时,应在结构内部架设钢支撑并适当加固已扰动的地层;在桩梁和扣拱施作中,边桩主筋承受轴向压力,而在站内剩余土方施工阶段,边桩背土侧的钢筋由轴向压力逐渐转化为轴向拉力,且随着边桩埋深的增大,钢筋的轴向拉压力增长变缓;在扣拱初期支护施作中,土压力在边桩埋深6.6 m处达到最大值34.5 kPa,且随着边桩埋置深度增大,边桩的桩侧压力增长速率显著,因此车站内侧的土方开挖是控制边桩迎土侧土压力大小的关键阶段,必要时对桩后土体进行注浆加固有利于提高桩基的承载力;中跨扣拱施工时,中柱的应变呈现出先减小、后增大的趋势。

进出站客流特征驱动的地铁车站画像构建及风险识别

基于地铁刷卡数据,采用K-means时间序列聚类算法对北京市40个换乘站及157个中间站和首末站的进出站客流进行画像分析及客流风险识别。考虑地铁车站在轨道交通运营网络中的位置属性,分别提取高峰时段的大客流特征和换乘客流的时空分布特征,将地铁换乘站分为4类,中间站分为6类,首末站分为2类。聚类结果表明:各类型车站的进出站客流和换乘客流在高峰时段的时间不均衡性较为突出,考虑不同周边用地性质,地铁客流的空间不均衡性较为显著。通过辨识不同地铁车站类型及其对应的客流时空特性规律,提出基于特征值数据的客流风险等级评价方法,分析了典型的换乘站客流风险状态。结果表明:不同类型的换乘站客流风险时段有所区别、客流风险等级不同,其中B类型换乘车站客流风险最高。本研究能为地铁客流精细化诱导和地铁运营风险防控提供支持。

南京地铁7号线中胜站密贴下穿运营站MJS+水平冻结施工与实测研究

为解决南京新建地铁7号线在承压富水砂层近贴下穿既有10号线中胜站开挖时易发生涌砂涌水现象及冻结对既有线变形的影响问题,提出一种全方位高压喷射工法(metro jet system,MJS)+水平冻结法联合加固承压富水砂性地层的施工方法。根据实际工程,确定MJS+水平冻结加固工艺、加固参数、加固范围及冻结的方案,并通过数值模拟方法预测冻结温度场的变化规律、计算开始冻结的合理时间和积极冻结时间。对冻结过程中的土体温度、冻结及开挖过程中的既有车站底板位移进行监测,并在此基础上对暗挖方案进行优化。工程实践表明:1)冻结过程中中部MJS加固体温度一直高于端部MJS加固体温度,应当加强对中部位置温度的监测;2)冻土帷幕范围应控制在MJS加固体范围内,否则土体冻结会对冻胀变形影响较大,为此提出了上部钻孔取土泄压及间歇冻结的方案,可在一定程度上减小冻胀;3)本工程冻结及开挖阶段既有车站结构变形较小,减小了对近贴既有车站结构的影响;4)优化后的暗挖方案可加快施工进度,原开挖时间约80 d,优化后开挖时间缩短至66 d。

考虑洪水入侵的地铁站楼梯疏散风险研究

为增强地铁站应对洪涝灾害能力和楼梯设计韧性,基于改进的k-ε模型和洪涝疏散风险评价模型,构建地铁站楼梯上洪水入侵流态数值仿真场景,定量分析坡梯设置、楼梯倾斜度和洪水深度对洪涝疏散风险的影响。研究结果表明:在相同倾斜度(23.2°)和入侵洪水水深(0.3 m)的情况下,相较于楼梯台阶对洪水的阻缓作用,斜坡上洪水流速更快、水深更为平稳,但斜坡具有更高的洪涝疏散风险;洪涝疏散风险与楼梯倾斜度成正相关,疏散风险随着楼梯台阶的降低呈现“前快后缓”特征,斜坡对疏散风险的边际影响更为均匀,而宽大的台阶设置更有利于缓解疏散风险;楼梯上平台入口水深越大,洪涝疏散风险越高;洪水与下平台积水容易产生跳水现象,导致洪涝疏散风险急剧攀升和震荡递减。研究结果可为地铁站科学制定洪涝疏散方案和楼梯设计提供理论指导和管理启示。