Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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阿托品与奥美拉唑联合治疗急性胃炎的效果评价

目的探讨急性胃炎患者在奥美拉唑药物应用基础上联用阿托品的临床价值。方法86例急性胃炎患者,依据数字表抽取法分为观察组和对照组,各43例。对照组应用山莨菪碱联合奥美拉唑治疗,观察组应用阿托品联合奥美拉唑治疗。比较两组患者治疗效果、症状改善时间、住院时间、不良反应发生情况以及治疗前后的血清炎性因子、丙二醛、血清胃泌素水平。结果观察组总有效率97.67%高于对照组的83.72%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者腹泻改善时间(2.13±0.39)d、上腹剧痛改善时间(1.23±0.31)d、恶心呕吐改善时间(1.07±0.21)d、住院时间(3.54±1.07)d均短于对照组的(3.94±0.48)、(3.29±1.02)、(2.59±0.40)、(5.95±1.84)d,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、干扰素-β(IFN-β)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组患者IL-6(36.03±2.97)μg/L、TNF-α(20.32±1.39)pg/L、IFN-β(38.12±2.96)ng/L均低于对照组的(45.73±5.96)μg/L、(26.42±1.95)pg/L、(47.42±3.25)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者丙二醛、血清胃泌素水平均低于治疗前,且观察组患者丙二醛(24.23±5.81)mmol/L、血清胃泌素(20.16±2.19)pg/L均低于对照组的(28.95±9.72)mmol/L、(25.17±2.18)pg/L,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率2.33%低于对照组的16.28%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于急性胃炎患者,在奥美拉唑药物应用基础上联用阿托品,可使总有效率进一步提升,并可缩短症状改善时间和住院时间,降低血清炎性因子水平,促使丙二醛、血清胃泌素改善,且具有更高安全性,应用价值突出。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

0.01%阿托品滴眼液控制学龄儿童近视发展的疗效

目的观察中国大陆近视儿童应用质量分数0.01%阿托品滴眼液控制近视发展的临床疗效。方法采用前瞻性非随机对照研究设计。纳入2016年6—10月于郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的6—14近视儿童152例,根据患儿和监护人要求,分为阿托品组和单纯框架眼镜组。阿托品组72例,配戴全矫单焦框架眼镜,同时睡前双眼各点1滴0.01%阿托品滴眼液;单纯框架眼镜组80例,仅配戴全矫单焦框架眼镜。均选取右眼数据纳入统计,观察2个组入组前和治疗后4、8和12个月的近视度数和眼轴长度的变化情况及阿托品组的不适症状。结果治疗12个月后,阿托品组的近视度数变化值为(0.46±0.42)D,明显低于单纯框架眼镜组的(0.70±0.42)D,差异有统计学意义(t=5.479,P<0.001)。阿托品组的眼轴长度增加量为(0.36±0.21)mm,明显小于单纯框架眼镜组的(0.46±0.41)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=9.883,P=0.004)。阿托品组和单纯框架眼镜组中近视度数增加量小于0.50 D的比例分别为45%(28/70)和28%(19/80),差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.582,P=0.035)。阿托品组16例出现畏光症状,占22.9%,其中10例症状逐渐消失,6例逐渐减轻;3例出现视近模糊,占4.3%,并于用药2~4周内逐渐消失;1例用药1个月后出现眼痒、眼肿变态反应,停药后自行消失。结论中国大陆近视儿童规律应用0.01%阿托品滴眼液1年能有效控制近视度数的进展且不适症状较少。

阿托品联合奥美拉唑治疗急性胃炎的疗效及对炎症因子的影响

目的研究阿托品联合奥美拉唑在急性胃炎患者中的临床治疗效果及对炎症因子的影响.方法选取2015-04/2016-07医院诊治的急性胃炎患者100例,根据治疗方案不同随机分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=50).对照组采用山莨菪碱联合奥美拉唑治疗,观察组采用阿托品联合奥美拉唑治疗,比较两组临床疗效及对炎症因子的影响.结果观察组治疗后临床症状,如:恶心呕吐、上腹剧痛、腹泻及住院时间,显著短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后炎症因子干扰素-β、肿瘤坏死因子-α及白介素-6水平,显著低于对照组(P<0.05).观察组治疗后药物不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(6.00%vs 16.00%,P<0.05).结论急性胃炎患者采用阿托品联合奥美拉唑治疗效果理想,能抑制炎症反应,改善患者症状.

甲基强的松龙联合654-2治疗腹型过敏性紫癜38例疗效观察

目的:探讨甲基强的松龙联合654-2治疗腹型过敏性紫癜的有效性和可行性。方法:将74例腹型过敏性紫癜患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予地塞米松和阿托品治疗,治疗组则在常规治疗的基础上加用甲基强的松龙和654-2治疗。结果:治疗组腹痛,消化道症状及皮疹完全消退时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01),治疗组有效率94.7%,对照组有效率77.8%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:甲基强的松龙联合654-2治疗腹型过敏性紫癜有效、安全。

近视药物治疗研究进展

本研究复习本世纪以来 (2 0 0 0年～ 2 0 0 4年 )有关近视药物治疗问题的文献。方法是主要通过PubMed ,对“myopia”进行检索 ,同时也参考一些重要会议最新资料。

静脉注射安定与阿托品处理宫颈水肿的比较

目的:比较静脉注射安定和阿托品对分娩活跃期宫颈水肿的疗效。方法:2008年1月～2009年9月我院分娩活跃期出现宫颈水肿产妇106例,分为试验组和对照组,每组53例,试验组静脉注射阿托品0.5 mg,对照组静脉注射安定10 mg。比较用药后宫颈水肿消退、宫口扩张及新生儿的情况。结果:用药1 h后试验组水肿消退率(92.5%),明显低于对照组(77.4%)(P<0.05),宫口开全时间试验组[(2.87±0.89)h]明显短于对照组[(4.51±0.56)h](P<0.05)。结论:阿托品治疗宫颈水肿的效果优于对照组,且能缩短产程,避免安定可能对母婴产生的不良影响。

不同术前用药对唇腭裂患儿围术期血糖和血浆ACTH的影响

目的:通过观察围术期血糖和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)含量的变化,来评价不同术前用药对小儿全麻手术应激反应的影响。方法:将60例颌面外科3～12岁患儿随机分为两组阿托品组(A组)和长托宁组(C组)。分别于术前30min肌注阿托品0.02mg/kg或长托宁0.01mg/kg。全麻插管,术中常规监测心率(HR),平均动脉压(MBP),呼吸频率(RR),动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)值。并于术前用药前(T0)、插管时(T1)、手术开始20min(T2)、手术结束拔管时(T3)4个时点采外周静脉血测量血糖及血浆ACTH含量。结果:A组与C组HR、MBP相比较各时点指标均有显著性差异(P<0.05);血糖,与T0比较两组术中各时点均显著增高(P<0.05);ACTH,与T0比较,两组术中各时点均显著增高(P<0.01),且各时点间均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。血糖A组与C组组间各时点相比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),而ACTHT2、T3有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:长托宁可以降低心血管反应,且在手术期及拔管期发挥了一定的抑制应激反应的作用。

戊乙奎醚与阿托品不同联合时机救治有机磷农药中毒的疗效观察

目的探讨救治有机磷农药中毒时选择阿托品与戊乙奎醚联合用药的最佳时机。方法将228例有机磷农药中毒患者随机分为三组,开始联合组在入院后即行阿托品、戊乙奎醚联合治疗,达阿托品化后,改用戊乙奎醚维持阿托品化状态,戊乙奎醚化联合组应用戊乙奎醚达阿托品化后再与阿托品联合,维持阿托品化状态。阿托品化联合组应用阿托品达阿托品化后再与戊乙奎醚联合,维持阿托品化状态;所有患者均给予护理干预,记录意识恢复时间、阿托品化时间、住院时间、戊乙奎醚用量,胆碱酯酶活力恢复50%、80%以上时间、药物耐受、药物依赖、迟发性神经病、中间综合征、中毒反跳、阿托品中毒及死亡情况。结果阿托品化联合组与开始联合组、戊乙奎醚化联合组比较意识恢复时间、阿托品化时间、胆碱酯酶活力恢复50%、80%以上时间、戊乙奎醚用量、住院时间、药物耐受、药物依赖、迟发性神经病、中间综合征、中毒反跳、阿托品中毒,差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。而开始联合组与戊乙奎醚化联合组比较意识恢复时间、阿托品化时间,差异有显著性(P<0.01),其他各项差异无显著性(P>0.05),三组死亡率比较无明显差异(P>0.05),阿托品化联合组效果明显优于开始联合组与戊乙奎醚化联合组。结论目前治疗重度有机磷农药中毒的较佳联合用药时机是快速达阿托品化后,再应用小剂量阿托品联合戊乙奎醚以维持阿托品化状态。