Action Mechanism of Radix Aucklandiae against Gastric Ulcer Based on Network Pharmacology

[Objectives] To explore the potential targets and action mechanism of radix aucklandiae (RA) in the treatment of gastric ulcer (GU) by network pharmacology. [Methods] Gene targets were obtained through TCMSP, DisGeNet, OMIM, GeneCards databases, which related to GU and the active components of RA. The mutual potential functional targets were selected through Venny to constitute the PPI protein interaction network. The DAVID database was applied for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the common targets to construct the "Active component-Target-Pathway" network and analyze the relationship between them. [Results] There are 31 active components, 82 related targets and 16 common targets in the treatment of GU. The active components in Ra may exert anti-ulcer effects through six signaling pathways, including NF-κB, Toll-like receptors, VEGF and HIF-1. In addition, PTGS2, TNF, TLR4, JUN, IL2, SRC, RELA, KDR, NOS2 and PLAU may be the 10 key targets of Ra in the treatment of GU. [Conclusions] Ra controls GU through the synergies of multiple components, targets and pathways. It can provide a theoretical basis for further study on the mechanism of RA in treating GU.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil from Roots of <i>Radix aucklandiae</i>against Selected Food-Borne Pathogens

Radix aucklandiae from Yunnan Province in China is a significant medicinal plant. In the present study, the essential oil composition from?Radix aucklandiae roots was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 23 compounds representing 57.95% of the essential oil were tentatively identified. The main constituents were eremanthin (12.74%), d-Guaiene (6.26%), ζ-Himachalene (6.16%) and l-Caryophyllene (4.84%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oil from R. aucklandiae were evaluated against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus subtilis) three Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae). Results revealed that the essential oil exhibited significant in vitro antimicrobial property. Among all the tested microorganisms, the essential oil showed the strongest inhibitory effect against S. typhimurium. The data of this study suggests that the essential oil from Radix aucklandiae has great potential for application as a natural antimicrobial agent to preserve food.

Effect and mechanism of ethanol extracts of muxiang(Radix Aucklandiae) on gastric ulcers in rats

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of Muxiang(Radix Aucklandiae)(RA)on gastric ulcers in rats and explore the potential mechanisms.METHODS:A model was established by ethanol(0.75 m L/kg).According to body weight,rats were pretreated with RA extracts(2.5 or 5 g/kg).The rats were administered 95%ethanol orally after 1 h.The effects of ethanol were evaluated by measuring the gastric secretion volume,p H,pepsin activity,and ulcer area.Histological analysis and immunohistochemistry were also conducted.Furthermore,the effect of the ethanol extract of RA on transiting activity of the gastrointestinal tract was observed in mice.RESULTS:Intragastric administration of RA extracts protected the gastric mucosa from ethanol-induced gastric ulcers,while reducing submucosal edema and preventing hemorrhagic damage.Moreover,the extracts increased the production of gastric mucus,upregulated Bcl-2,and downregulated Bax expression.Importantly,pretreated rats exhibited no significant change in the gastric secretion volume,gastric juice acidity,or pepsin.Furthermore,pretreatment prominently(P<0.05)enhanced propulsive movement of the gastrointestinal tract in normal mice and mice with gastrointestinal motility disorders.CONCLUSION:Ethanol extracts of RA ameliorated gastric lesions in the gastric ulcer rat model.The mechanisms of action were related to improvement of gastrointestinal dynamics,maintenance of mucus integrity,and inhibition of apoptosis by downregulating proapoptotic Bax protein and upregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein.

云木香多糖提取工艺的优化

探讨云木香(Aucklandia lappa Decne.)多糖提取工艺的影响因素,确定其最佳提取工艺条件,为进一步分离纯化及生产开发打下基础。采用正交设计,以多糖提取率为评价指标,对水提和醇沉的工艺分别进行优化。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为固液比1∶18(m/V,g∶mL),提取时间2 h,提取温度80℃,生药浓度1.0 g/mL,乙醇体积分数80%,提取2次。

Sesquiterpene lactones of Aucklandia lappa: Pharmacology,pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and structure–activity relationship

The medicinal part of Aucklandia lappa(Asteraceae) is its dried root,which is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal materials.Here we reviewed sesquiterpene lactones isolated from A.lappa over the past ten years in the following aspects of pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,structure-activity relationship.Pharmacological activities consist of anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory activity,anti-immunity activity,anti-oxidant activity,antimicrobial activity,spasmolytic activity and so on.The extractive,showing similar pharmacokinetics parameters,may exert their various biological activities by the interaction of their α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety with the thiol groups of biomacromolecules through Michael-addition.However,the poor aqueous solubility,non-selective binding as a Michael acceptor at undesired targets limited clinical translation of this class.In order to evaluate the potential effect of the extractive applied in clinical trial,the present review outlines information on pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,and structure-activity relationship,as well as the future research directions of the extractive for further development and utilization of A.lappa.