<strong>Background:</strong> The disease, addiction to chemical substances or drugs such as alcohol (<i>ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="white-space:n...<strong>Background:</strong> The disease, addiction to chemical substances or drugs such as alcohol (<i>ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i>) is still not accepted as a diagnostic nosology by many in Ghana. Many consider addiction as a moral challenge, rather than a medical condition. This perception is propagated even in the Ministry of Health’s Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) policy document which punishes symptoms of substance use disorders. This study seeks to explore the perception and attitude of employers towards employees with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and to ascertain the level at which employee assistance programs (EAPs) are implemented in organizations. <strong>Methods: </strong>To infer outcomes, the study adopted the qualitative approach. In-depth interviews and observations which describe the perceived attitudes of employers (using HR managers as proxy) towards employees with AUD of some selected hospitals (private and public) in the Greater-Accra Metropolis. The interview was conducted face-to-face using an interview guide, which included open-ended questions. The structure of the guide helped the researchers to observe the participants and the conversations were also audio-taped after seeking the consent of the participants. On average, the interview lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. <strong>Results:</strong> Findings from the 10 interviews revealed that a number of factors such as biological, environmental, social and psychological accounted for AUD among employees regardless of the nature of their work. Although the HR managers had knowledge on the possible causes of AUD, some of them explained that they could not identify alcohol use in their organisations. The few that admitted to AUD at their workplace reported that alcohol use did not have any effect on their productivity and most of these workers were temporal or causal workers, hence were not perceived as permanent staff. In spite of prevalence of AUD in some hospitals, it was interesting to know that majority of these facilities had no EAPs and the few that had policies on AUD were not implementing them. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This paper focused on some aspect of HR managers’ perceived attitude toward an aspect of their employees’ mental wellbeing which is AUD in a work setting. However, there are other pertinent issues that are crucial to employee total wellbeing that can be addressed in future research.展开更多
目的分析近7年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)的相关性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性分析该院2016—2022年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与同期主要抗菌药物的AUD...目的分析近7年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)的相关性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性分析该院2016—2022年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与同期主要抗菌药物的AUD,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析两者的相关性。结果大肠埃希菌对对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢呋辛的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05),对头孢噻肟的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、左氧氟沙星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对阿米卡星的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、亚胺培南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05)。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢唑啉的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢唑啉的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与多种抗菌药物的AUD相关,应加强抗菌药物的合理管控,延缓细菌耐药的发生。展开更多
目的:探究白假丝酵母的耐药率变迁与抗真菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)之间的相关性,为临床合理使用抗真菌药物提出参考。方法:抽取2013年—2018年医院住院病区收治的疑似真菌感染患者标本中分离出的白假丝酵母4026株,...目的:探究白假丝酵母的耐药率变迁与抗真菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)之间的相关性,为临床合理使用抗真菌药物提出参考。方法:抽取2013年—2018年医院住院病区收治的疑似真菌感染患者标本中分离出的白假丝酵母4026株,分析其对常用抗真菌药物的耐药率及其变化趋势,并采用Pearson法分析白假丝酵母的耐药率与常用抗真菌药物使用强度的相关性。结果:2013年—2018年分离出4026株白假丝酵母的药敏结果显示,其对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑的耐药率为3.42%~11.18%,呈现逐年升高趋势(P<0.05);而其对5-氟胞嘧啶的耐药率低于前3种抗真菌药物;但6年间其对两性霉素B的耐药率为0.00%;白假丝酵母对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑的耐药率与氟康唑的AUD呈显著正相关(r=0.908,P_(0.012)<0.05;r=0.939,P_(0.005)<0.05;r=0.838,P_(0.037)<0.05);对氟康唑和伊曲康唑的耐药率与卡泊芬净的AUD呈显著正相关(r=0.828,P_(0.042)<0.05;r=0.849,P_(0.033)<0.05)。结论:临床氟康唑和卡泊芬净的AUD与白假丝酵母对氟康唑等唑类抗真菌药物的耐药率具有高度正相关,规范合理使用氟康唑和卡泊芬净有利于降低白假丝酵母的耐药率。展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> The disease, addiction to chemical substances or drugs such as alcohol (<i>ethanol, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i>) is still not accepted as a diagnostic nosology by many in Ghana. Many consider addiction as a moral challenge, rather than a medical condition. This perception is propagated even in the Ministry of Health’s Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) policy document which punishes symptoms of substance use disorders. This study seeks to explore the perception and attitude of employers towards employees with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and to ascertain the level at which employee assistance programs (EAPs) are implemented in organizations. <strong>Methods: </strong>To infer outcomes, the study adopted the qualitative approach. In-depth interviews and observations which describe the perceived attitudes of employers (using HR managers as proxy) towards employees with AUD of some selected hospitals (private and public) in the Greater-Accra Metropolis. The interview was conducted face-to-face using an interview guide, which included open-ended questions. The structure of the guide helped the researchers to observe the participants and the conversations were also audio-taped after seeking the consent of the participants. On average, the interview lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. <strong>Results:</strong> Findings from the 10 interviews revealed that a number of factors such as biological, environmental, social and psychological accounted for AUD among employees regardless of the nature of their work. Although the HR managers had knowledge on the possible causes of AUD, some of them explained that they could not identify alcohol use in their organisations. The few that admitted to AUD at their workplace reported that alcohol use did not have any effect on their productivity and most of these workers were temporal or causal workers, hence were not perceived as permanent staff. In spite of prevalence of AUD in some hospitals, it was interesting to know that majority of these facilities had no EAPs and the few that had policies on AUD were not implementing them. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This paper focused on some aspect of HR managers’ perceived attitude toward an aspect of their employees’ mental wellbeing which is AUD in a work setting. However, there are other pertinent issues that are crucial to employee total wellbeing that can be addressed in future research.
文摘目的分析近7年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率与抗菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)的相关性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法回顾性分析该院2016—2022年大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与同期主要抗菌药物的AUD,采用Pearson相关性分析法分析两者的相关性。结果大肠埃希菌对对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢呋辛的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、阿米卡星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与头孢西丁、氨曲南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢西丁的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05),对头孢噻肟的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与头孢西丁、左氧氟沙星的AUD呈正相关(P<0.05);对阿米卡星的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、亚胺培南的AUD呈正相关(P<0.01、P<0.05)。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率与头孢唑啉的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢唑啉的耐药率与头孢他啶、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢吡肟的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与头孢噻肟的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对亚胺培南的耐药率与阿莫西林/克拉维酸的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05);对头孢西丁的耐药率与哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的AUD呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率与多种抗菌药物的AUD相关,应加强抗菌药物的合理管控,延缓细菌耐药的发生。
文摘目的:探究白假丝酵母的耐药率变迁与抗真菌药物使用强度(antibiotics use density,AUD)之间的相关性,为临床合理使用抗真菌药物提出参考。方法:抽取2013年—2018年医院住院病区收治的疑似真菌感染患者标本中分离出的白假丝酵母4026株,分析其对常用抗真菌药物的耐药率及其变化趋势,并采用Pearson法分析白假丝酵母的耐药率与常用抗真菌药物使用强度的相关性。结果:2013年—2018年分离出4026株白假丝酵母的药敏结果显示,其对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑的耐药率为3.42%~11.18%,呈现逐年升高趋势(P<0.05);而其对5-氟胞嘧啶的耐药率低于前3种抗真菌药物;但6年间其对两性霉素B的耐药率为0.00%;白假丝酵母对氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑的耐药率与氟康唑的AUD呈显著正相关(r=0.908,P_(0.012)<0.05;r=0.939,P_(0.005)<0.05;r=0.838,P_(0.037)<0.05);对氟康唑和伊曲康唑的耐药率与卡泊芬净的AUD呈显著正相关(r=0.828,P_(0.042)<0.05;r=0.849,P_(0.033)<0.05)。结论:临床氟康唑和卡泊芬净的AUD与白假丝酵母对氟康唑等唑类抗真菌药物的耐药率具有高度正相关,规范合理使用氟康唑和卡泊芬净有利于降低白假丝酵母的耐药率。
