Are Socially Responsible Banks More Risk Averse and Dividends Providers?Empirical Evidence from a Developing Economy

Purpose:This study examines whether socially responsible firms are uninterested in risk-taking and whether socially responsible banks are more dividend providers than socially irresponsible ones.We conducted the analysis using the least-squares method for 290-panel data observations of 32 commercial banks operating in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2018.Methodology:We employed Ordinary Least Squares Regression for 290-panel data observations of 32 commercial banks operating in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2018 using EViews software version-8.Moreover,we conducted descriptive analysis and correlations using SPSS software.We considered CSRI and CSRPI as the indicators of corporate social responsibility,dividend per share and stock dividend as a proxy of dividend policy,LEV(leverage),and non-performing loan to total loan as the indicators of financial risk,and lastly,Z score as the indicator of financial stability.Findings:Studies have shown that banks prioritizing social responsibility tend to pay dividends to their shareholders more frequently and consistently than banks that do not.In particular,banks that invest heavily in corporate social responsibility(CSR)tend to maintain a stable dividend payout,which can help address agency problems that arise from overinvestment in the CSR sector.Additionally,we found that banks that make huge expenditures on CSR also seem to have a low eagerness for risk-taking.Again,we found that the financial stability of a socially responsible bank is high and stable enough,which will help efficiently handle the bank’s financial risks,reduce price fluctuations,and increase financial assets that generally influence a bank’s monetary stability.Implications:Banks implementing fruitful CSR strategies can produce substantial shareholder advantages through high dividend payout levels.An expansion in CSR-related expenditure does not prompt a cut-down or reduce the portion of income paid out as dividends to shareholders.Therefore,the Output of our study will help provide critical information and a thorough understanding of corporate social responsibility and its association with the dividend policy,risk,and financial stability in the banking sector.This will also be useful to the researcher,students,and corporate policymakers while making a critical decision about whether a firm should make expenditures on CSR purposes,how it impacts a firm’s dividend decision,and its connection with its overall risk and financial stability.According to the study,corporate social responsibility should be integrated into a firm’s mission and strategy rather than appearing to be a mere act of generosity.Originality/Value:This study uniquely considers CSR,dividend policy,risk,and financial stability simultaneously in a developing country.Besides,the three-dimensional measures of CSR used in the research focused on developing the economy are a precious contribution.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Shipping Supply Chain Risks

This study aims to investigate whether Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)activities reduce supply chain disruptions by examining the impact of the Suez Canal obstruction on the Ever Given container ship in March 2021.This study conclude that the more responsible companies have higher returns and are less affected by this event than the less responsible companies;the less responsible companies have lower returns.The companies with better CSR have a lower impact on their supply chains when faced with disruptions in the supply chain.

The role of soil in structure response of a building damaged by the 26 December 2018 earthquake in Italy

Local soil conditions can significantly modify the seismic motion expected on the soil surface.In most cases,the indications concerning the influence of the underlying soil provided by the in-force European and Italian Building Codes underestimate the real seismic amplification effects.For this reason,numerical analyses of the local seismic response(LSR)have been encouraged to estimate the soil filtering effects.These analyses are generally performed in free-field conditions,ignoring the presence of superstructures and,therefore,the effects of dynamic soil-structure interaction(DSSI).Moreover,many studies on DSSI are characterised by a sophisticated modelling of the structure and an approximate modelling of the soil(using springs and dashpots at the foundation level);while others are characterised by a sophisticated modelling of the soil and an approximate modelling of the structure(considered as a simple linear elastic structure or a single degree of freedom system).This paper presents a set of finite element method(FEM)analyses on a fully-coupled soil-structure system for a reinforced concrete building located in Fleri(Catania,Italy).The building,designed for gravity loads only,was severely damaged during the 26 December 2018 earthquake.The soil was modelled considering an equivalent visco-elastic behaviour,while the structure was modelled assuming both the visco-elastic and visco-inelastic behaviours.The comparison made between the results of the FEM analyses and the observed damage is valuable.

Risk and Response of China Overseas Hydropower Projects--A Vision of Corporate Social Responsibility

Recent years, with the quickening of global economic integration and the rapid development of our country, more and more Chinese enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy and actively develop overseas business. However, the internationalized process of Chinese enterprises is not progressing smoothly. The paper systematically analyzes the risks of China overseas hydropower projects from two aspects： international environment risks and internal risks of hydropower enterprises and points out that effectively fulfilling corporate social responsibility by using Guidance on Social Responsibility （ISO26000） could help Chinese hydropower enterprises to deal with overseas risks. In order to help Chinese hydropower enterprises to improve the CSR （Corporate Social Responsibility） implementation level, the paper integrates the characteristics of hydropower enterprises with the core subjects of ISO26000, examines the key problems on the CSR work of Chinese hydropower enterprises according to requirements of ISO26000 and puts forward effective advices.

Development Strategy of Infrastructure Risk Assessment Based Disaster Response and Management System

Major infrastructures such as levee, dam, bridge, road, etc. have a significant meaning in that they are the means to support ordinary social and industrial activities and also protect human and physical assets at the occurrence of disaster. Especially, integrated risk management of SOC facilities provides the policy maker in charge of SOC facility safety and related disaster prevention with a reasonable means of decision making and ultimately contributes to improving the safety of the applicable SOC facility. Furthermore, a variety of issues raised in the Sewol ferry disaster that occurred recently in Korea, such as, a proper response method and the relevant Golden time decision making at the occurrence of disaster, rapid grasping and reporting the situation on disaster sites, management and mobilization of resources for rescue and recover, loss of integrated control tower function, etc., might occur as well in facility disaster management. As the method of solving such issues adequately, this study suggests a strategy of new disaster response and management system. The analyses of Hazus-MH (FEMA) and DIMSuS (Purdue University) were comprehensively conducted, and based on the results required functions of new disaster response system of major infrastructure and its development directions were suggested.

Selection method of risk response schemes for mining project based on fuzzy preference relations

To overcome the subjectivity of experts in the process of risk response scheme selection, according to the theory of group decision making, a selection method and flow of the risk response schemes for a mining project was proposed based on fuzzy preference relation and consistency induced ordered weighted averaging (C-IOWA) operator,which can overcome the loss of information in the process of group decision making to a great degree, and improve its efficiency and quality.A numeric example was introduced to illustrate the application of the method, also validating the method as scientific and practicable.

Analysis of Seismic Risk by Using Site Earthquake Response Intensity

Based on the site historical earthquake data,a method of seismic risk analysis is presented.Once the frequency of earthquake response intensity and the relative value showed a logarithmic linear,the maximum similarity method would be used to obtain β,λ,and Imax,and also achieve the results of risk analysis on each site.At the same time,the "logic tree" method can be used to calibrate the uncertainty of the risk on each site.Then the final results of risk analysis indicate that this method is feasible,particularly for the sites showing intensity anomaly.

Production response to price risk and market liberalization of Nigerian major agricultural crops

This study models supply response for major agricultural crops in Nigeria which include the standard arguments and price risk. The data comes from Central Bank of Nigeria annual reports and statement of account, National Bureau of Statistics＇ abstract of statistics and annual Agricultural survey manual. The data are analyzed using autoregressive distributed lag and cointegration and error correction models. The results indicate that producers are responsive not only to price but also to price risk and exchange rate.

Evaluation of Disaster Risks, Vulnerabilities and Response Strategies of High Rise Buildings in Lagos Municipality

Although disasters can occur anywhere, certain types of disasters are more likely to have more effects on some buildings than others, especially on those in urban areas. Buildings in Lagos have had nasty experiences from both natural and artificial disasters, claiming lives and properties in the past. This study aims at evaluating the disaster risks, vulnerabilities and response strategies in the high rise buildings in Lagos municipality. Structured questionnaire was administered to building owners, estate managers and disaster managers who manage the high rise buildings. The information obtained was supplemented by personal interviews conducted with tenants and rescue organizations. The study identified collapse of building, fire out break, and communication and power failure as the most likely potential disasters, power failure and collapse had the highest severity of impact, and the degree of preparedness achieved to confront the disasters was below satisfaction. However, the specific status of the response strategies was as expected, but there was room for improvements. The potential disasters were natural, human and environmental and the most vulnerable sectors were other properties rather than the high rise buildings themselves. The magnitude of risk levels could be contained with the level of response strategies already achieved if coordinated.

Enterprise Financial Risk and Response Strategies

Nowadays, a shortage of funds has evolved into general business issues because raise the necessary funds is the necessary requirement to develop and expand the companies’ scale. The funding would have to face all kinds of risks associated. Although funding risk cannot be completely eliminated, but the company can be based on their own development needs, and actively respond to risk fi nancing based on their own conditions. In this paper, the business fi nancing risk coping strategies is presented based on analysis of the reasons of business fi nancing risk.

Information Management in Disaster and Humanitarian Response: A Case in United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

To guarantee a unified response to disasters, humanitarian organizations work together via the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Although the OCHA has made great strides to improve its information management and increase the availability of accurate, real-time data for disaster and humanitarian response teams, significant gaps persist. There are inefficiencies in the emergency management of data at every stage of its lifecycle: collection, processing, analysis, distribution, storage, and retrieval. Disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management are the two main tenets of the United Nations’ worldwide plan for disaster management. Information systems are crucial because of the crucial roles they play in capturing, processing, and transmitting data. The management of information is seldom discussed in published works. The goal of this study is to employ qualitative research methods to provide insight by facilitating an expanded comprehension of relevant contexts, phenomena, and individual experiences. Humanitarian workers and OCHA staffers will take part in the research. The study subjects will be chosen using a random selection procedure. Online surveys with both closed- and open-ended questions will be used to compile the data. UN OCHA offers a structure for the handling of information via which all humanitarian actors may contribute to the overall response. This research will enable the UN Office for OCHA better gather, process, analyze, disseminate, store, and retrieve data in the event of a catastrophe or humanitarian crisis.

ESG责任履行对企业风险的影响研究

ESG责任履行是“双碳”目标框架的应有之义,更是企业防范化解金融风险、绿色发展提质增效的必由之路。基于2009—2020年中国A股上市公司样本,构建双重固定模型实证检验了ESG责任履行对企业风险的影响。研究发现:ESG责任履行和企业风险之间存在显著的U形关系,其中该U形关系在社会责任和公司治理维度、非国际“四大”会计师事务所审计的企业和处在成熟期和衰退期的企业中更加显著。进一步研究发现:融资约束和代理冲突在ESG责任履行和企业风险的U形关系中发挥传导作用;同时,分析师关注度和机构投资者持股比例可以负向调节ESG责任履行与企业风险二者之间的U形关系;而ESG评级不确定性和“漂绿”策略会抑制ESG责任履行的风险防治作用。据此,应构建并完善与我国国情相适应的ESG信息披露制度,引导企业适度履行ESG责任,在ESG转型过程中注重内部监管和风险管控,助力经济绿色转型深入推进。

人工智能治理中“基于风险的方法”:理论、实践与反思

以生成式人工智能为代表的新一轮人工智能技术带来了一系列规制挑战,而传统的“基于权利的方法”难以有效因应。“基于风险的方法”主张根据人工智能所带来的不同类型和等级的风险,采取相应的治理措施和方式,平衡技术创新与有效治理的关系。这是一种符合人工智能风险特性和发展规律的治理方法,以风险社会、适应性治理和回应性规制等理论为指引,以风险识别与分析、风险评估与分类、风险控制与监督、风险沟通与参与作为制度构成。在基于风险的人工智能治理实践中,欧盟、美国和中国分别采取“自上而下模式”“自下而上模式”“混合模式”,并取得了初步成效。然而,人工智能治理中“基于风险的方法”也面临批判和质疑,应当构建多元共治的人工智能风险治理体系,并建立动态适应的人工智能风险治理机制,同时搭建开放协作的人工智能风险治理平台。

丙型肝炎持续病毒学应答后肝癌发生的危险因素及预测模型

丙型肝炎是肝癌发生的主要病因之一。随着直接抗病毒药物的应用,95%以上的患者可根除HCV,获得持续病毒学应答(SVR)。有效的抗病毒治疗可以改变丙型肝炎的自然病程,降低肝癌发生风险,但仍有一部分患者会受到年龄、性别、肝纤维化、糖尿病、肝脂肪变、饮酒和遗传因素等影响,成为肝癌高危人群。因此,如何识别和预测丙型肝炎SVR后肝癌高危人群需进一步明确与完善。本文通过系统综述丙型肝炎患者SVR后肝癌发生的危险因素和肝癌预测模型,旨在为临床识别丙型肝炎SVR后肝癌高风险人群提供依据。

建筑施工现场安全风险分析及管理对策

建筑施工现场安全问题频发,对项目的整体安全构成威胁。从施工企业的角度出发,对施工现场管理中的共性问题进行剖析。研究发现,施工人员安全意识薄弱、设备运行状况不佳、异常气候下的特殊作业风险以及管理制度不完善等是导致安全风险问题的重要因素。基于此,提出制订安全施工方案、建立安全管理体系、明确安全生产责任,以及采用合理的技术手段等措施来确保施工安全顺利进行。

中国企业RCEP经贸合规与风险应对

RCEP协议的签署,为我国对外贸易和国际投资提供了更广阔的平台,为国内消费提供了种类更丰富、价格更优惠的进口产品。但与此同时,中国外贸企业面临的RCEP合规风险日趋复杂,也为企业开展合规工作带来了新的挑战。针对这一问题,政府方面需要加强政策支持、建立外经贸企业合规经营指数指标体系。企业也要主动作为,谋全局,谋长远,全面提升企业合规能力,在政府和企业同时发力中增强应对合规风险的能力。

Effects of High Risk Pregnancy Factors on Pelvic Floor Muscle Weakness and Changes of PG, ACTH and CRP

Objective: To investigate the effects of different delivery modes on perinatal pelvic floor muscle strength, PG, ACTH and CRP of high-risk pregnant women. Methods: 380 high-risk pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital from March 2021 to February 2022 were selected as subjects, including 100 vaginal natural delivery, 156 forceps assisted delivery and 124 cesarean section. Pelvic floor pressure, PG, ACTH, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4, IL-10 levels were evaluated and compared. The perinatal occurrence of pelvic floor functional disease (PFD) in high-risk pregnant women in each group was analyzed and evaluated. Results: There were statistical differences in the amount of postpartum blood loss (P 0.0001, F = 99.01), postpartum blood loss 24 h (P = 0.0004, F = 19.54) and hospital stay (P 0.0001, F = 70.81) among the three groups of high-risk women in natural vaginal delivery, forceps delivery and cesarean section. In addition, there were 72, 134 and 70 cases of abnormal pelvic floor fatigue in natural vaginal delivery, forceps assisted delivery and cesarean section (P 0.0001, χ2 = 30.16). There were 36, 79 and 21 cases of muscle injury, respectively (P 0.0001, χ2 = 34.16). There were 49, 98 and 43 cases of dysmuscular contraction, respectively (P 0.0001, χ2 = 21.94). There were 65, 120 and 41 cases with vaginal dynamic pressure 80 cm H2O (P 0.0001, χ2 = 56.86), respectively. The.

城市生命线安全运行风险监测及响应研究

本文介绍了城市生命线建设背景,分析其运行风险。阐述了城市生命线安全运行风险监测的感知系统及应用平台的构建。研究了风险预警的研判分析及协同处置流程,实现了风险事件及时高效的响应处置。

组织韧性:城市社区风险治理的机制优化

面对复杂多变、日益严峻的风险挑战,组织韧性是城市社区提升风险防治能力与实现可持续发展的重要方面。如何整合城市社区组织关系、制度规范、社会资源和集群文化以有效提升组织韧性,在应对各种风险挑战和冲击时快速适应、恢复以至在新的基础上实现跃升,成为我国城市高质量发展和社会治理现代化的重要命题。基于组织韧性视角,应以城市社区风险的有效防范与治理为出发点,从组织架构、组织制度、组织技术和组织文化等多元维度系统地探索组织韧性赋能城市社区风险治理的具体路径,并通过采取具有针对性的措施提升城市社区自组织结构、过程、能力和治理模式方面的韧性,从而夯实城市应急治理的制度根基。

政务元宇宙赋能公共治理:治理契机与风险因应

政务元宇宙是虚拟世界与现实世界虚实相生的政府治理新模式和公共服务供给新体系。凭借其超强大技术群支撑,政务元宇宙在公共治理领域不仅能够表现出强大的组织整合功能、任务激励功能及社区自治功能,还能驱动组织内部变革与外在治理的双重转型。从组织内部变革来看,政务元宇宙将推动政府服务效能优化、政民互动更加高效及治理规则不断创新。从外在治理转型来看,政务元宇宙将实现公共治理领域信用体系重塑、安全体系重构、价值体系重建与治理体系精细化。随着虚拟世界对现实世界影响力的不断增强,传统科层制度与治理范式将遭遇不同程度的挑战,如数字技术依赖引发政治安全、数字人身份引发虚拟世界监管难题、数字世界新规使得传统科层规则悬置。国家须积极布局政务元宇宙,通过推动关键数字资产国有化及算力设施国家化以打破数字技术外部依赖;以国家信用为背书加快构建数字人身份监管新规定;增加国家在元宇宙空间的话语权与行动能力以打破科技巨头规则垄断。