Application of Seasonal Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average Model in Forecasting the Incidence of Hand-foot-mouth Disease in Wuhan,China

Outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease（HFMD） have occurred many times and caused serious health burden in China since 2008. Application of modern information technology to prediction and early response can be helpful for efficient HFMD prevention and control. A seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average（ARIMA） model for time series analysis was designed in this study. Eighty-four-month（from January 2009 to December 2015） retrospective data obtained from the Chinese Information System for Disease Prevention and Control were subjected to ARIMA modeling. The coefficient of determination（R^2）, normalized Bayesian Information Criterion（BIC） and Q-test P value were used to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of constructed models. Subsequently, the best-fitted ARIMA model was applied to predict the expected incidence of HFMD from January 2016 to December 2016. The best-fitted seasonal ARIMA model was identified as（1,0,1）（0,1,1）12, with the largest coefficient of determination（R^2=0.743） and lowest normalized BIC（BIC=3.645） value. The residuals of the model also showed non-significant autocorrelations（P_（Box-Ljung（Q））=0.299）. The predictions by the optimum ARIMA model adequately captured the pattern in the data and exhibited two peaks of activity over the forecast interval, including a major peak during April to June, and again a light peak for September to November. The ARIMA model proposed in this study can forecast HFMD incidence trend effectively, which could provide useful support for future HFMD prevention and control in the study area. Besides, further observations should be added continually into the modeling data set, and parameters of the models should be adjusted accordingly.

Time series analysis-based seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average to estimate hepatitis B and C epidemics in China

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B(HB)and hepatitis C(HC)place the largest burden in China,and a goal of eliminating them as a major public health threat by 2030 has been set.Making more informed and accurate forecasts of their spread is essential for developing effective strategies,heightening the requirement for early warning to deal with such a major public health threat.AIM To monitor HB and HC epidemics by the design of a paradigmatic seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average(SARFIMA)for projections into 2030,and to compare the effectiveness with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA).METHODS Monthly HB and HC incidence cases in China were obtained from January 2004 to June 2023.Descriptive analysis and the Hodrick-Prescott method were employed to identify trends and seasonality.Two periods(from January 2004 to June 2022 and from January 2004 to December 2015,respectively)were used as the training sets to develop both models,while the remaining periods served as the test sets to evaluate the forecasting accuracy.RESULTS There were incidents of 23400874 HB cases and 3590867 HC cases from January 2004 to June 2023.Overall,HB remained steady[average annual percentage change(AAPC)=0.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.94-1.84]while HC was increasing(AAPC=8.91,95%CI:6.98-10.88),and both had a peak in March and a trough in February.In the 12-step-ahead HB forecast,the mean absolute deviation(15211.94),root mean square error(18762.94),mean absolute percentage error(0.17),mean error rate(0.15),and root mean square percentage error(0.25)under the best SARFIMA(3,0,0)(0,0.449,2)12 were smaller than those under the best SARIMA(3,0,0)(0,1,2)12(16867.71,20775.12,0.19,0.17,and 0.27,respectively).Similar results were also observed for the 90-step-ahead HB,12-step-ahead HC,and 90-step-ahead HC forecasts.The predicted HB incidents totaled 9865400(95%CI:7508093-12222709)cases and HC totaled 1659485(95%CI:856681-2462290)cases during 2023-2030.CONCLUSION Under current interventions,China faces enormous challenges to eliminate HB and HC epidemics by 2030,and effective strategies must be reinforced.The integration of SARFIMA into public health for the management of HB and HC epidemics can potentially result in more informed and efficient interventions,surpassing the capabilities of SARIMA.

Optimal zero-crossing group selection method of the absolute gravimeter based on improved auto-regressive moving average model

An absolute gravimeter is a precision instrument for measuring gravitational acceleration, which plays an important role in earthquake monitoring, crustal deformation, national defense construction, etc. The frequency of laser interference fringes of an absolute gravimeter gradually increases with the fall time. Data are sparse in the early stage and dense in the late stage. The fitting accuracy of gravitational acceleration will be affected by least-squares fitting according to the fixed number of zero-crossing groups. In response to this problem, a method based on Fourier series fitting is proposed in this paper to calculate the zero-crossing point. The whole falling process is divided into five frequency bands using the Hilbert transformation. The multiplicative auto-regressive moving average model is then trained according to the number of optimal zero-crossing groups obtained by the honey badger algorithm. Through this model, the number of optimal zero-crossing groups determined in each segment is predicted by the least-squares fitting. The mean value of gravitational acceleration in each segment is then obtained. The method can improve the accuracy of gravitational measurement by more than 25% compared to the fixed zero-crossing groups method. It provides a new way to improve the measuring accuracy of an absolute gravimeter.

CONSTRUCTION OF POLYNOMIAL MATRIX USING BLOCK COEFFICIENT MATRIX REPRESENTATION AUTO-REGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE MODEL FOR ACTIVELY CONTROLLED STRUCTURES

The polynomial matrix using the block coefficient matrix representation auto-regressive moving average(referred to as the PM-ARMA)model is constructed in this paper for actively controlled multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF)structures with time-delay through equivalently transforming the preliminary state space realization into the new state space realization.The PM-ARMA model is a more general formulation with respect to the polynomial using the coefficient representation auto-regressive moving average(ARMA)model due to its capability to cope with actively controlled structures with any given structural degrees of freedom and any chosen number of sensors and actuators.(The sensors and actuators are required to maintain the identical number.)under any dimensional stationary stochastic excitation.

Forecasting risk using auto regressive integrated moving average approach: an evidence from S&P BSE Sensex

The primary objective of the paper is to forecast the beta values of companies listed on Sensex,Bombay Stock Exchange(BSE).The BSE Sensex constitutes 30 top most companies listed which are popularly known as blue-chip companies.To reach out the predefined objectives of the research,Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average method is used to forecast the future risk and returns for 10 years of historical data from April 2007 to March 2017.Validation accomplished by comparison of forecasted and actual beta values for the hold back period of 2 years.Root-Mean-Square-Error and Mean-Absolute-Error both are used for accuracy measurement.The results revealed that out of 30 listed companies in the BSE Sensex,10 companies’exhibits high beta values,12 companies are with moderate and 8 companies are with low beta values.Further,it is to note that Housing Development Finance Corporation(HDFC)exhibits more inconsistency in terms of beta values though the average beta value is lowest among the companies under the study.A mixed trend is found in forecasted beta values of the BSE Sensex.In this analysis,all the p-values are less than the F-stat values except the case of Tata Steel and Wipro.Therefore,the null hypotheses were rejected leaving Tata Steel and Wipro.The values of actual and forecasted values are showing the almost same results with low error percentage.Therefore,it is concluded from the study that the estimation ARIMA could be acceptable,and forecasted beta values are accurate.So far,there are many studies on ARIMA model to forecast the returns of the stocks based on their historical data.But,hardly there are very few studies which attempt to forecast the returns on the basis of their beta values.Certainly,the attempt so made is a novel approach which has linked risk directly with return.On the basis of the present study,authors try to through light on investment decisions by linking it with beta values of respective stocks.Further,the outcomes of the present study undoubtedly useful to academicians,researchers,and policy makers in their respective area of studies.

基于改进JRD及误差修正的轴承剩余寿命预测方法

目前,风电机组齿轮箱性能发生初始退化时难以识别,现有退化指标易出现剧烈波动、单调性较差,且无法准确预测齿轮箱关键部件如轴承的剩余使用寿命(RUL),针对该问题,提出了一种基于改进杰森-瑞丽散度(JRD)及误差修正的双指数模型轴承RUL预测方法。首先,提取了振动信号样本的多域特征指标,利用高斯混合模型(GMM)与指数型权重JRD,得到了样本的后验概率分布向量,再经归一化处理得到置信值(CV);然后,对轴承从初始健康状态退化至当前检查时刻的CV值进行了相空间重构,提取了CV序列的动力学特征,并将其作为相关向量机(RVM)的训练集,获得了支撑整个退化轨迹的相关向量;最后,利用双指数模型拟合了相关向量,外推趋势至失效门限以计算RUL,并引入了差分整合移动平均自回归模型(ARIMA),对拟合相关向量产生的拟合误差进行了预测,以修正预测的结果。实验结果表明:改进后的退化指标单调性指标提高14.3%;且在不同工况、不同时刻下,经误差修正后的轴承的RUL预测结果较未修正之前有明显提高。研究结果表明:该预测方法可为风电机组齿轮箱重要部件的预测性维护提供参考。

基于水电储能调节的风光水发电联合优化调度策略

为缓解新能源装机容量扩大引起的弃风弃光现象,在已有梯级水电上下电站之间加入储能泵站,提出风光水储短期优化调度策略。构建以风光水储系统负荷跟踪误差最小、梯级水电站发电量最大和梯级水电站发电耗水量最小的多目标优化调度模型;提出基于季节性自回归移动平均(seasonal auto-regressive lntegrated moving average, SARIMA)模型和Copula函数的风光出力预测模型作为优化调度模型的边界条件,通过SARIMA预测模型将风光出力历史数据分解为季节性分量、趋势分量以及随机噪声余项进行全天96个调度时段风光出力预测,并叠加上基于Copula函数生成风光出力预测误差,然后通过拉丁超立方采样以及K-means聚类进行场景生成和缩减得到5个风光出力场景。选取风光典型日出力数据为例进行算例分析,算例结果表明:所提预测模型较SARIMA模型可以显著提高预测准确度,模型预测风光出力均方根误差从33.34、229.49 MW分别下降至0.697、9.534 MW;所提优化调度策略可以在全年丰、平、枯水期有效减少弃风弃光现象,并可将过剩新能源中的50%转化为上级水库储存水能。

基于ARIMA-TCN混合模型的高速铁路时间同步方法

列控系统作为高速铁路的核心系统,保持其系统的时间同步对于行车安全至关重要。针对现有时间同步方法易受时变上下行传输时延、随机时钟跳变等影响,导致主从时钟偏移估计不准确的问题,提出一种基于差分自回归移动平均-时域卷积神经网络(ARIMA-TCN)混合模型的高速铁路时间同步方法。首先,根据上下行链路传输速率的不对称比,建立高速铁路时钟的数学理论和实际观测模型。然后,使用拉依达准则识别处理跳变异常值,完成实际时间序列的预处理。再次,使用ARIMA模型平滑时间序列中不确定时延带来的噪声抖动,获得平稳的时间序列。最后,通过提出的注意力增强TCN模型进行预测补偿,完成时钟偏移的补偿校正。通过实验仿真,得到基站区间内位置、基站间距以及车速对高速铁路时间同步的影响性分析。实验结果表明:与对比方法相比,所提方法补偿后的均方根误差较最小二乘法减少了75%、较最大似然估计方法误差减少了44.4%,较BP神经网络方法误差减少了16.7%,验证所提方法具有更低的同步误差和更高的同步精度。

1960—2019年安康市气候季节及不同等级积温变化特征

揭示气候变暖背景下安康市气候季节、积温等气温指标的变化特征,为区域人类活动适应气候变化、调整农业生产提供科学依据。基于安康站1960—2019年逐日平均气温数据,利用5 d滑动平均、线性拟合等方法,探讨安康市气候季节和不同等级积温(≥5℃、≥10℃、≥15℃、≥20℃)的初日、持续日数和气(积)温的时序变化规律。结果表明:(1)1960—2019年安康年均气温以0.012℃·a^(-1)的速率显著上升(P<0.01),并在1997年发生升温突变;气候季节和不同等级积温的初日、持续日数等气温指标的年代际变化特征各异。(2)1960—2019年安康气候季节平均气温均呈不显著微弱上升趋势,其中以春季(0.012℃·a^(-1))增温幅度最大;春季的初日(持续日数)显著提前(增加),夏、秋和冬季一致表现为初日不显著推迟、持续日数不断缩短的趋势,其中推迟(缩短)程度以夏(秋)季最为突出。(4)1960—2019年安康≥5℃、≥10℃、≥15℃和≥20℃积温一致表现出初(终)日提前(推迟)、持续日数和活动积温增加的趋势。其中以≥15℃积温的初日、持续日数和活动积温提前(增加)最多,终日以≥10℃积温推迟最为明显。因此,安康市气候季节和积温对全球气候变暖现象响应明显。

基于SARIMA和SVR组合模型的转向架系统寿命评估

随着地铁运营时间和里程的增加,地铁车辆逐渐接近其理论寿命,为确保车辆运行安全性,需对其重要子系统进行健康状态及剩余寿命评估。文中选取车辆转向架系统作为研究对象,提出了一种基于协方差优选法的季节性回归移动平均(SARIMA)和支持向量回归(SVR)的组合模型对转向架寿命进行评估。首先,将车辆转向架系统历史故障率转化为健康指数,然后基于协方差优选法将SARIMA和SVR进行赋权组合,根据转向架系统历史健康指数进行预测,最后建立历史和预测的健康指数与运行时间的数学模型,分析得到转向架系统的剩余寿命。以某地铁车辆转向架系统为例进行算例分析及验证,结果表明组合模型可更准确地预测其健康状态,为有关维修部门开展维修维护策略提供理论依据,估计得出其剩余寿命,为车辆寿命后期退役及延寿决策提供理论数据分析支撑。

基于季节ARIMA模型对某三级综合性医院门诊量的预测研究

目的 通过建立季节ARIMA模型,对浙江省某三级综合性医院门诊量进行预测,为医院合理配备门诊人力资源提供依据。方法 以2013年1—6月浙江省某医院门诊量数据为基线,利用SPSS软件构建季节ARIMA模型,对2023年7—12月的门诊量进行预测,通过对比门诊量实测值,评价季节ARIMA模型预测门诊人次的精度。结果 该综合性医院门诊量呈现逐年上升趋势,并呈现周期性波动的特征。拟合的最优季节ARIMA模型为ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,0,1)12,BIC(贝叶斯信息准则)为5.273,MAPE(平均绝对百分误差)为14.265,R2(模块决定系数)为0.408,总体相对误差为1.83%,预测结果良好。结论 季节ARIMA模型较好地模拟了该三级综合性医院门诊量在时间序列上的变化趋势,为该院门诊量的短期预测提供理论依据。

基于WPD-ARIMA-GARCH组合模型的酱卤肉制品安全风险区间预测

针对传统确定性预测不能提供不确定性信息的难题,本研究提出了一种点估计和区间估计组合预测模型,并将其创新性地应用在食品安全风险预警领域。在点估计部分,使用小波包分解(wavelet packet decomposition,WPD)对周风险等级序列分解后,应用差分自回归移动平均(autoregressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型进行预测;在区间估计部分,使用广义自回归条件异方差(generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedast,GARCH)模型对残差进行预测。本实验将建立的WPD-ARIMA-GARCH组合模型运用于某地区酱卤肉制品的风险预测,结果表明2019年的3月底和7月底该地区的酱卤肉制品安全风险较高,与实际情况相符;同时,该模型在10个不同地区的酱卤肉制品风险预测中,均方误差、平均绝对误差和平均绝对百分比误差分别为1.626、0.806和20.824;其90%置信区间的预测区间平均宽度和覆盖宽度标准值均为0.024,可以覆盖所有真实值。该模型具有较高的预测精度和较低的误差,能对酱卤肉制品质量安全起到风险防控作用,可为日常食品安全监管提供相应的技术支持。

基于SARIMAX-SVR的光伏发电功率预测

为提高光伏发电功率预测精度,提出一种基于外生因素及季节性的差分自回归移动平均SARIMAX(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous factors)并结合优化支持向量回归SVR(support vector regression)的光伏发电功率预测方法。首先,采用相关性特征法聚类气象条件中关键气象因子,以消除数据冗余并降低ARIMAX模型的复杂性;其次,在ARIMAX模型中引入季节性因素,构建SARIMAX模型来捕捉数据的季节性变化;最后,使用SARIMAX模型的拟合残差其作为SVR模型的输入,进一步拟合数据的非线性。通过仿真算例分析表明,所提方法可显著提高光伏发电功率预测精度。

基于ARIMA模型的天津地区单中心HPV感染趋势及基因型特征

目的采用自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型构建时间序列,分析天津地区单中心人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染趋势及基因型特征。方法选择2018年1月-2022年12月某院进行HPV检测的7236例女性患者,比较2018-2022年天津地区HPV感染情况及基因型分布。建立ARIMA模型时间序列,分析模型拟合。预测2023年HPV感染数,并与实际发生数进行比较,评价模型的预测效果。结果2018-2022年天津地区HPV感染率为14.41%;HPV感染率在31~40岁年龄段最高,感染率为15.47%。阳性标本中HPV单一型别感染比率最高,占比为73.54%(767/1043),以高危型HPV为主。低危型感染占比最高的是HPV-6型,为2.59%,高危型感染占比最高的是HPV-16型,为16.06%。建立ARIMA模型,确定最佳模型为ARIMA(0,1,2)(0,1,1)12,其AIC值和BIC值分别为3.877、4.005,经白噪声检验Ljung-Box Q=8.828差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。利用模型预测2023年HPV感染数,实际值、预测值的总体趋势基本保持一致,模型RMSE、MAPE、MAE分别为6.289、34.149、4.706,提示模型的预测效果较好。结论天津地区女性人群中,HPV病毒感染类型以单一高危型感染为主,其中HPV-16型感染率最高。天津地区HPV感染存在季节性,ARIMA模型在HPV感染流行趋势的预测中效果较好,适用于短期预测。

基于ARIMA模型预测镇江市肺结核流行趋势及分析

目的通过构建季节性差分整合移动平均自回归模型(ARIMA模型)预测江苏省镇江市肺结核流行趋势并验证模型的有效性,探讨新型冠状病毒感染疫情对肺结核流行情况的影响。方法收集江苏省镇江市2014-2022年肺结核月发病数资料,构建季节性ARIMA模型,以2022年1-12月肺结核发病数验证预测模型效果,并分析预测误差产生的原因。结果2014-2022年镇江市共报告肺结核病例11316例,除2017、2019年发病率有所回升外,总体发病率呈下降趋势,发病主要集中在3-8月。ARIMA(1,1,1)(1,1,0)_(12)的BIC值(5.913)最小,残差白噪声也通过检验。但短期自相关部分的AR系数不显著,因此建立ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,1,0)_(12)。2022年镇江市肺结核月发病数实际值与预测值存在一定的偏差(平均相对预测误差为19.20%),但均在拟合值的95%可信区间内,实际月发病数(平均78例/月)与预测值(平均78例/月)变化趋势基本一致,模型拟合度较好,可用于预测镇江市肺结核流行情况。结论利用该模型对短期内镇江市肺结核发病数进行预测,认为镇江市肺结核流行总体上仍将长期保持下行趋势。

考虑时序二维变化的日前市场电价预测模型

电价预测对电力市场参与者的运营决策及电力系统安全稳定运行关系重大。针对日前市场电价预测问题,本文提出一种考虑时序二维变化的日前市场电价预测模型和方法。首先采用改进的带自适应噪声的完全集成经验模式分解对日前市场电价历史数据进行分解,然后对其高、低频子序列分别采用考虑时序二维变化的Ti⁃mesNet和基于统计分析的差分自回归移动平均进行预测,二者结果之和构成日前市场电价的预测值。仿真结果表明,所提方法相较于现有单一或组合模型具有较高的预测精度。

交叉口车辆行为感知在线半监督混合方法

自动驾驶感知系统须对目标车辆运动进行感知,以制定合理交互决策。针对行为感知在时间上的滞后性和数据中可能存在的波动和异常值导致感知准确率差的问题,本文提出一种在线半监督混合方法。首先,采用自回归积分移动平均和在线梯度下降优化器设计基于数据驱动的车辆运动状态在线预测算法。然后,构建基于微簇的初始模型,并以K近邻为基分类器建立集成学习策略,设计错误驱动代表性学习和指数衰减策略实现对初始模型的迭代更新。最后,基于驾驶模拟平台采集了验证所提算法有效性的实验数据。结果表明,所提出的方法对于车辆行为波动具有快速适应性,在线预测算法可准确预测车辆运动趋势,行为感知算法对于不同预测时间下的车辆行为均有较强适应能力。

基于ARIMA模型的南昌市结核病流行趋势预测分析

目的:分析南昌市肺结核的流行趋势特征,探讨应用自回归移动平均模型对南昌市肺结核疫情流行趋势特征进行分析和预测,为相关部门制定肺结核综合防控策略提供参考依据。方法:通过中国疾病预防控制中心传染病监测系统获取2012年1月1日—2022年12月31日,现住址为南昌市的肺结核报告发病数据,应用SPSS 25.0软件构建基于南昌市肺结核发病数的自回归移动平均模型,对南昌市肺结核疫情的流行趋势进行分析和预测。结果:2012—2022年南昌市共报告新发肺结核病例44049例,总体呈逐年下降趋势。确定最优预测模型为ARIMA(0,1,4)(0,1,2)12,对2023年1—8月肺结核发病数进行预测并与实际值比较分析的结果显示,预测较好。结论:自回归移动平均模型对肺结核疫情预测效果良好,可以作为肺结核疫情短期预测的工具。

基于ARIMA-IPOA-CNN-LSTM的太湖水体溶解氧浓度预测模型

为了提高太湖水体中溶解氧浓度(DOC)参数的预测准确性,设计了一种基于ARIMA-IPOA-CNN-LSTM的预测模型。首先,采用差分自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)捕捉数据的时间序列趋势和季节性特征;其次,引入卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短期记忆网络(LSTM)模型,分别从数据中学习空间和时间特征;再次,提出了一种改进的鹈鹕优化算法(IPOA)来优化模型参数,算法增加了Logistic混沌映射种群初始化、反向差分进化、萤火虫扰动的方法,CEC2005函数的测试结果显著优于传统鹈鹕优化算法;最后,将“剪枝”模型部署于STM32嵌入式设备。试验结果表明,在溶解氧浓度预测方面,该模型具有高的准确性和鲁棒性,为水环境保护提供了一种高效、可靠的解决方案。

基于误差补偿的多模态协同交通流预测模型

交通流量因受周期性特征、突发状况等多重因素影响,现有模型的预测精度无法满足实际要求.对此,本文提出了基于误差补偿的多模态协同交通流预测模型(Multimodal Collaborative traffic flow prediction model based on Error Compensation,MCEC).针对传统预测模型不能兼顾时间序列和协变量的问题,提出基于小波分析的特征拓展方法,该方法引入聚类算法得到节假日标签特征,将拥堵指数、交通事故图、天气信息作为拓展特征,对特征进行多尺度分解.在训练阶段,为达到充分学习各部分数据、最优匹配模型的效果,采用差分整合移动平均自回归模型(Autoreg Ressive Integrated Moving Average Model,ARIMA)、长短期记忆神经网络(Long Short-Term Memory network,LSTM)、限制动态时间规整技术(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)以及自注意力机制(Self-Attention),设计了多模态协同模型训练.在误差补偿阶段,将得到的相应过程值输入基于支持向量机回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)的误差补偿模块,对各分量的误差进行学习、补偿,并重构得到预测结果.使用公开的高速公路数据集对MCEC进行验证,在多个时间间隔下对比实验结果表明,MCEC在交通流量预测中的平均绝对百分比误差(Mean Absolute Percentage Error,MAPE)达到17.02%,比LSTM-SVR、ConvLSTM(Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory network)、ST-GCN(Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks)、MFFB(Multi-stream Feature Fusion Block)、Transformer等预测模型具有更高的预测精度,MCEC模型具有较好的有效性与合理性.