Experimental Study on Improving Seismic Behavior of Load-Bearing Masonry Wall Made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

To investigate the seismic behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete load-bearing masonry wall(AACLMW), a piece of control block wall without constructional measures and five pieces of block walls with different constructional measures were tested under low reversed cyclic loading which imitated low to moderate earthquake force. The seismic behavior of AACLMW with different constructional measures in terms of failure mode, hysteretic curve, deformation capacity and displacement ductility was studied and compared with that without constructional measures. The experimental results indicate that the constructional measures comprising constructional columns and horizontal concrete strips are effective for improving the seismic behavior of AACLMW. The study in this paper can provide a reliable experimental basis for further analysis and engineering application of AACLMW in the future.

Bond Performance of Fiber Reinforced Polymer （FRP） Bars in Autoclaved Aerated Concrete （AAC）

This paper concerns the bond strength of FRP bars in AAC by the concentric pullout test. Specimens were subjected to compare with mild steel bars. The bond performance including the mode of failure and bond strength was investigated with varying embedment length and surface treatment. Regarding the bond performance, embedment depth has influenced on bond strength as well as the sanded surface. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer （CFRP） pronounced the most promising results with the highest bond strength attained.

Synthesis and Microstructure Analysis of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete with Carbide Slag Addition

Synthesis of autoclaved aerated concrete （AAC） has been carried out with carbide slag addition, and the carbide slag could be used as a main material to produce the AAC with the compressive strength about 2 MPa and the density below 0.6 g.cm-3. In this study, quartz sand acted as frame structure phase in the matrix, and quartz addition also influenced the Si/Ca of starting material. Tobermorite and CSH gel were formed readily at 62%, which seemed to enhance the compressive strength of samples. Curing time seemed to affect the morphology of phase produced, and specimen with the plate-like tobermorite formed at 10 h appeared to have a better compressive strength development than the fiber-like one at 18 h. The higher curing temperature seemed to favor the tobermorite and CSH gel formation, which also exerted a significant effect on the strength development of the samples. On the micro-scale, the formed CSH gel was filled in the interface of the matrix, and the tobermorite appeared to grow in internal-surface of the pores and interstices. The tobermorite or/and CSH formation seemed to densify the matrix, and therefore enhanced the strength of the samples.

A Review on the Utilization of Waste Material for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Production

Autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC)has become more attractive due to its excellent and environmental-friendly properties in building construction.AAC is relatively lightweight,possesses lower thermal conductivity,higher heat resistance,lower shrinkage,and fasten construction than normal concrete.AAC is a combination of silica sand,cement,gypsum,lime,water,and an expansion agent.To improve its physical and mechanical properties and reduce its production cost,tremendous innovations where waste materials were utilized as partial replacement of AAC materials were done.This paper is intended to present the literature on the utilization of waste materials as a means of a partial replacement in AAC materials to enhance its physical and mechanical properties and thermal performance.The physical properties such as microstructure and mechanical properties such as density,compressive strength,water absorption are presented to classify the investigation that has been done in such innovations.Apart from that,the discussion on innovations to improve its thermal performance was also presented.Based on the review,an increase of AAC application causes much waste at construction sites and recycling concrete waste powder into wall concrete;particularly,an AAC was not frequently practiced in construction.

Preparation of New Cementitious System using Fly Ash and Dehydrated Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

We experimentally studied the interaction between pozzolanic material（fly ash） and dehydrated autoclaved aerated concrete（DAAC）. The DAAC powder was obtained by grinding aerated concrete waste to particles fi ner than 75μm and was then heated to temperatures up to 900 ℃. New cementitious material was prepared by proportioning fly ash and DAAC, named as AF. X-ray diffraction（XRD） was employed to identify the crystalline phases of DAAC before and after rehydration. The hydration process of AF was analyzed by the heat of hydration and non-evaporable water content（Wn）. The experimental results show that the highest reactivity of DAAC can be obtained by calcining the powder at 700 ℃ and the dehydrated products are mainly β-C2 S and CaO. The cumulative heat of hydration and Wn was found to be strongly dependent on the replacement level of fl y ash, increasing the replacement level of fl y ash lowered them in AF. The strength contribution rates on pozzolanic effect of fl y ash in AF are always negative, showing a contrary tendency of that of cement-fl y ash system.

Research on Preparation and Influencing Fctors of High Calcium High Sulfate Ash to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

In this paper, a high calcium high sulfate ash as the main material, adding fly ash, lime, cement, gypsum and some modifiers to prepare autoclaved aerated concrete. The products complies with the technical requirements of GB/T11968-2006. This paper also studies the influence of the physical methods and water ratio on autoclaved aerated concrete by high calcium high sulfate ash aerated concrete. The best ratio of water and Grinding time were found in practice study.

Kinetics of Autoclave Curing Process on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete with Magnetite Tailings

Lightweight and energy saving autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC) acting as a newbuilding material were prepared by using magnetite tailings from iron ore as main rawmaterials,and the purpose of comprehensive utilization of tailings resources was to improve their utilization efficiency.The effects of curing system on AAC product performance were discussed.The autoclave curing reaction kinetics was studied as well as the generated amount of hydration product trends over autoclave curing temperature and time were analyzed.The results indicated that the properties of AAC was in accordance with Chinese national standard the A3.5 B06 class of GB/T11968-2006 by prepared from magnetite tailing as the main rawmaterials.Meanwhile,autoclave curing process was controlled by the diffusion velocity through the products ' layers of reactants,and the apparent activation energy of autoclave curing process was 19.269 k J/mol.Compressive strength of aerated concrete is improved by mutual cementation between the appropriate amount of calcium silicate hydrate and tobermorite crystal.

Utilization of Dredged River Sediment in Preparing Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks

In this study,the dredged river sediment,soft texture and fine particles,is mixed with other materials and transformed into eco-friendly autoclaved aerated concrete(hereinafter referred to as AAC)blocks.The results indicated the bricks produced under the conditions of 30%–34%dredged river sediment,24%cement,10%quick lime,30%fly ash,2%gypsum and 0.09%aluminum powder with 0.5 water to material ratio,2.2 MPa autoclave pressure and 6 h autoclave time,the average compressive strength of 4.5 MPa and average dry density of 716.56 kg/m³were obtained,the two parameters(strength&density)both met the requirement of national industry standard.At the same time,the contents of dredged river sediment,cement,lime,fly ash,gypsum and aluminum powder were 15%,48%,20%,15%,2%and 0.09%,respectively,and the non-AAC block made of 0.5 water to material ratio,the average compressive strength of 3.1 MPa and average dry density of 924.19 kg/m³were obtained,the two parameters(strength&density)also met the requirement of national industry standard.In addition,the AAC block’s phase composition and morphology were micro-analyzed by SEM and XRD,the main substances in AAC block were found to be tobermorite and CSH,Among them,the chemical bond between Si-O-Si and Al-O-Al is broken,Al-O-Si is regenerated,Al substituted tobermorite with better strength is formed,and the compressive strength of AAC is further improved.

Nano-treatment of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Waste and Its Usage in Cleaner Building Materials

Autoclaved aerated concrete waste(AACW)was used as a raw material to prepare nucleation seed for acceleration of Portland cement.Nano AACW seed with median particle size of 324 nm was prepared by wet grinding method.Both the electrical conductivity and pH value of nano AACW suspension were obviously improved.Both the setting times and intensity of the main hydration heat peak were promoted by nano AACW,indicating the possibility of AACW suspension as nucleation seed.The early age compressive strength before 3 days was also clearly improved by nano AACW,with no negative effect on the late age strength.Furthermore,the reduced CH content with dosage of nano AACW indicates that nano AACW not only plays a role of nucleation seed in cement hydration,but also has a certain pozzolanic reaction.

Influence of Polycarboxylic-type Admixture on the Strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

The influence of polycarboxylic-type admixture on the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete（AAC） was investigated. The flexural strength and compressive strength of AAC with polycarboxylic admixture（PA） were tested. The microstructure of AAC reinforced by PA was analyzed using scanning electron microscopic（SEM） methods. The crystal structure analysis of AAC with PA was also carried out using X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The results showed that the compressive strength and flexural strength of AAC were increased by 43.9% and 42.8%, respectively, when 1.5wt% of PA was mixed. In addition, the dosage of admixture influenced the reinforcing effect. Admixture affected pore structure and surface characteristic of the products in autoclaved curing process and improved the formation of high crystallite tobermorite which led to the enhancement of the compressive and flexural strength of AAC.

A Study of Compressive, Flexural, Heat Humidity and Heat Transfer of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Mixed Polypropylene Fiber under Climate of Bangkok

This paper presents the experimental results of study on mechanical properties, heat and humidity transfer through AAC （autoclaved aerated concrete） mixed with PP （polypropylene fiber）. The performance of AAC-PP is investigated in terms of compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, porosity, heat and humidity capacity. The results are compared with control specimen made of autoclaved aerated concrete only （Non-AAC-PP）. Results showed that ultimate compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength can be obtained when the content of polypropylene fiber added at 0.75% by volume while porosity of specimens rapidly decreased when content of fiber addition increased above 1% of its volume. Additional, a comparison study of heat and humidity transfer properties on AAC-PP walls showed that the AAC-PP house had lower indoor air and moisture content than （Non-AAC-PP） house. Therefore, addition PP fiber on AAC increased mechanical properties, enhanced hygrothermal performance and reducing moisture content under tropical climate of Bangkok.

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Prefabricated Multi-Storey Building Technology

In active response to the national requirements of promoting green building materials and developing prefabricated buildings,it is necessary to continuously optimize and reasonably employ relevant technologies.Autoclaved aerated concrete block prefabricated multi-storey building technology is a new technology,which will not only effectively realize green environmental protection in construction engineering,but also promote the further development of prefabricated buildings.Therefore,this paper analyzes the autoclaved aerated concrete block prefabricated multi-storey building technology for future references.

Flexural behavior of textile reinforced mortar-autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete composite panels

To improve the deficiencies of prefabricated autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete(ALC)panel such as susceptibility to cracking and low load-bearing capacity,a textile-reinforced mortar-autoclaved lightweight aerated concrete(TRM-ALC)composite panel was developed in this study.One group of reference ALC panels and five groups of TRM-ALC panels were fabricated and subjected to four-point flexural tests.TRM was applied on the tensile side of the ALC panels to create TRM-ALC.The variable parameters were the plies of textile(one or two),type of textile(basalt or carbon),and whether the matrix(without textile)was applied on the compression side of panel.The results showed that a bonding only 8-mm-thick TRM layer on the surface of the ALC panel could increase the cracking load by 180%−520%.The flexural capacity of the TRM-ALC panel increased as the number of textile layers increased.Additional reinforcement of the matrix on the compressive side could further enhance the stiffness and ultimate loadbearing capacity of the TRM-ALC panel.Such panels with basalt textile failed in flexural mode,with the rupture of fabric mesh.Those with carbon textile failed in shear mode due to the ultra-high tensile strength of carbon.In addition,analytical models related to the different failure modes were presented to estimate the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the TRM-ALC panels.

Kinetics and capacities of non-reactive phosphorus (NRP) sorption to crushed autoclaved aerated concrete (CAAC)

With growing interest in resource recovery and/or reuse,wastematerials have been considered a promising alternative for phosphorus(P)adsorption because they are low-cost and easily accessible.Crushed autoclaved aerated concrete(CAAC),as representative construction waste,has been extensively studied for P removal in ecological technologies such as treatment wetlands.However,most of the previous studies focused on the adsorption of orthophosphate,namely reactive phosphorus,and lacked attention to non-reactive phosphorus(NRP)which is widely present in sewage.This study presents the first investigation on the potential and mechanism of CAAC removing four model NRP compounds.Adsorption isotherm and kinetics of NRP onto CAAC indicate that the removal of NRP was a chemisorption process and also involved a two-step pore diffusion process.The desorption experiment shows that different NRP species showed varying degrees of desorption.Most NRP was irreversibly adsorbed on CAAC.Among the model compounds considered in this study,the adsorption capacity and hydrolysis rate of organophosphorus were much less than that of inorganic phosphorus.Moreover,the adsorption of different NRP species by CAAC in the mesocosm study was different from the results of laboratory adsorption experiments,and the possible biodegradation was essential for the conversion and removal of NRP.The findings confirmed the validity of CAAC for NRP removal and the potential advantages of CAAC in terms of costs and environmental impact.This study will contribute to a better understanding of NRP conversion and environmental fate and that can be the basis for a refined risk assessment.

Polyurea coating for foamed concrete panel:An efficient way to resist explosion

Autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC) panels have ultra-light weight,excellent thermal insulation and energy absorption,so it is an ideal building material for protective structures.To improve the blast resistance of the AAC panels,three schemes are applied to strengthen the AAC panels through spraying 4 mm thick polyurea coating from top,bottom and double-sides.In three-point bending tests,the polyurea-coated AAC panels have much higher ultimate loads than the un-coated panels,but slightly lower than those strengthened by the carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CEFRPs).Close-in explosion experiments reveal the dynamic strengthening effect of the polyurea coating.Critical scaled distances of the strengthened AAC panels are acquired,which are valuable for the engineering application of the AAC panels in the extreme loading conditions.Polyurea coatings efficiently enhance the blast resistance of the bottom and double-sided polyurea-coated AAC panels.It is interesting that the polyurea-coated AAC panels have much more excellent blast resistance than the CFRP reinforced AAC panels,although the latter have better static mechanical properties.

轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的制备及性能研究

本文利用新疆地区粉煤灰和微硅粉等典型固废资源为原料,开展轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土制备技术研究,分析了原料配比、水料比和发气剂掺量对制品绝干密度和抗压强度的影响。结果表明,当m(粉煤灰)∶m(微硅粉)∶m(石英砂)∶m(生石灰)∶m(水泥)∶m(石膏)=30∶25∶10∶25∶8∶2、铝粉量为总物料质量的0.10%、水料比为0.58、蒸压温度为195℃、蒸压压力为1.2 MPa、蒸压时间为8 h时,轻质高强蒸压加气混凝土的绝干密度为568.70 kg/m^(3),抗压强度为5.4 MPa,导热系数为0.140 W/(m·K),达到了A5.0、B06等级。

减水剂改性固废基蒸压加气混凝土的制备与性能研究

以花岗岩石粉、黄河特细砂为硅质材料,以电石渣为钙质材料,以聚羧酸减水剂为改性剂,制备固废基蒸压加气混凝土(AAC)。研究了聚羧酸减水剂掺量对AAC料浆流动性、发气过程、抗压强度、干密度、孔隙率和孔径分布的影响。结果表明,减水剂掺量由0.15%增大到0.30%,料浆初始流动度、发气速率、发气量和孔隙率逐渐增大,制品抗压强度和干密度逐渐降低。减水剂掺量为0.25时,料浆初始流动性270 mm,发气量208 mL,孔隙率82.54%,抗压强度2.9 MPa,干密度509 kg/m^(3),AAC综合性能最优。减水剂掺量大于0.2%时,2 mm以上的大孔基本消失,孔隙率和孔壁无害孔含量对AAC抗压强度影响更明显。

砖混建筑垃圾制备蒸压加气混凝土性能及水化机理

以砖混建筑垃圾为主要原料制备蒸压加气混凝土(AAC),考察了废弃混凝土(WC)、废弃黏土砖(CB)及其复配掺量对蒸压加气混凝土抗压强度和干体积密度的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了不同砖混配比加气混凝土样品的物相组成和微观形貌。结果表明,当建筑垃圾的掺量为50%~60%(质量分数,下同)时,以废弃混凝土或废弃黏土砖为原料制备的蒸压加气混凝土的抗压强度和干体积密度均能达到《蒸压加气混凝土砌块》(GB11968-2020)中A5.0 B07级别的要求。复配能进一步提升样品性能,随着废弃混凝土、废黏土砖质量比(m(WC)∶m(CB))的降低,所得样品的抗压强度不断升高,而干体积密度先降低后上升,当质量配比为2∶3~3∶2时,试样性能达到《蒸压加气混凝土砌块》(GB11968-2020)中A5.0 B06级别的要求。蒸压养护过程中,坯体中的SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、Ca(OH)2、长石、富钙型水化硅酸钙(α-C_(2)SH)共同作用,生成大量片状托贝莫来石、半结晶的CSH(I)、CSH凝胶和少量水化石榴石、硬石膏,与原料中残留的石英、方解石一起填充在孔壁中,相互交织成网状,提高样品强度的同时降低其密度。砖混复配的样品含有更多结晶完整的托贝莫来石、CSH(I)以及适量的CSH凝胶,形成良好的网状致密结构,使样品综合性能更优。

利用高硅铁尾矿制备蒸压加气混凝土

利用高硅铁尾矿(HIT)制备高硅铁尾矿蒸压加气混凝土(HIT-AAC),研究了HIT细度、钙硅比对HIT-AAC料浆性能和试块物理力学性能的影响;结合XRD、FTIR和SEM对HIT-AAC进行微观分析。结果表明:随着HIT细度的增大,料浆扩散度、发气速率、发气高度均有所降低,最终发气时间缩短,试块的干密度和抗压强度均有所提高;随着钙硅比的增大,料浆扩散度减小和试块干密度先下降后上升,发气速率和发气高度增加,最终发气时间缩短,抗压强度先提高后降低,当钙硅比为0.65时抗压强度最高,为4.29 MPa。水化产物主要为石英和托贝莫来石,随着钙硅比的增大,托贝莫来石由针棒状结构转为片状结构。

装配式蒸压加气混凝土底板叠合楼板力学性能研究

提出了一种装配式蒸压加气混凝土(AAC)底板叠合楼板,该叠合楼板采用带凹槽的预制AAC板作为底板,在凹槽中布设肋梁钢筋,再现浇混凝土形成。通过静力试验和数值模拟研究了该叠合楼板的破坏机理、裂缝分布、承载能力、变形能力和整体工作性能,分析了跨度、配筋率和构造形式等因素对楼板力学性能的影响。对该叠合楼板进行数值分析,验证了有限元模型的合理性。结果表明:叠合楼板试件的破坏形态分为受压混凝土压碎和底板裂缝超限;预制AAC板侧开槽的构造形式能提高楼板的整体工作性能;试件的延性均值在2.5左右,具有较好的变形能力,且试件开裂后刚度变化不大;预制底板配筋率对叠合楼板的极限承载力和刚度影响显著,提高底板的配筋率可以明显提高叠合楼板的承载力和刚度。最后提出了装配式AAC叠合楼板的设计方法。