Decision-Making in Driver-Automation Shared Control:A Review and Perspectives

Shared control schemes allow a human driver to work with an automated driving agent in driver-vehicle systems while retaining the driver’s abilities to control.The human driver,as an essential agent in the driver-vehicle shared control systems,should be precisely modeled regarding their cognitive processes,control strategies,and decision-making processes.The interactive strategy design between drivers and automated driving agents brings an excellent challenge for human-centric driver assistance systems due to the inherent characteristics of humans.Many open-ended questions arise,such as what proper role of human drivers should act in a shared control scheme?How to make an intelligent decision capable of balancing the benefits of agents in shared control systems?Due to the advent of these attentions and questions,it is desirable to present a survey on the decision making between human drivers and highly automated vehicles,to understand their architectures,human driver modeling,and interaction strategies under the driver-vehicle shared schemes.Finally,we give a further discussion on the key future challenges and opportunities.They are likely to shape new potential research directions.

Crossing the Achilles Heel of Algorithms:Identifying the Developmental Dilemma of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Judicial Decision-Making

In the developmental dilemma of artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted judicial decision-making,the technical architecture of AI determines its inherent lack of transparency and interpretability,which is challenging to fundamentally improve.This can be considered a true challenge in the realm of AI-assisted judicial decision-making.By examining the court’s acceptance,integration,and trade-offs of AI technology embedded in the judicial field,the exploration of potential conflicts,interactions,and even mutual shaping between the two will not only reshape their conceptual connotations and intellectual boundaries but also strengthen the cognition and re-interpretation of the basic principles and core values of the judicial trial system.

Probabilistic Evaluation for Commercial Real Estate Investments

Throughout the decision-making process, prudent investors must address questions regarding the probabilities of future profit gain. In this study, the probability-based discounted cash flow （DCF） method with net present value （NPV） as the indicator was adopted as an analysis tool. A probabilistic framework for measuring exceeding probability of annual rate of return on a commercial real estate investment under a specified holding period was developed. Based on the framework, the relation curves of annual rate of return versus the corresponding exceeding probability of return for available financing schemes were constructed. These curves were used as a tool to prioritize the schemes and inform decision-making. An example case is presented to demonstrate the decision-making process developed in this study. Through the proposed process, investors are given basic information on the return, probability that profit gain will occur, and feasibility of financial schemes for commercial real estate investments.

Optimization of Group Multiattribute Decision-Making Model in Commercial Space Investment

A group multiattribute decision-making model was proposed by implementing prospect theory,multi-attribute decision-making,group decision-making and entropy methods for the optimization in commercial space investment.First,the decision-making function was decided using prospect theory by the preference of each expert to reach the comprehensive prospect value based on different investment options;second,expert decision weights were reached according to entropy method;third,the expert group decision-making information was congregated according to the group decision-making congregation algorithm to reach the most optimized investment option;finally,an example was given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.This model com-prehensively takes the advantages of many methods to congregate experts'experiences and avoid the subjective influences,thus providing a scientific decision-making approach for the commercial space investment.

基于MSIGJO的网联商用车换道轨迹规划方法

针对网联商用车换道安全性、平顺性较低的问题,提出一种基于多策略改进金豺优化算法(multi-strategy improved golden jackal optimization,MSIGJO)的网联商用车换道轨迹规划方法。首先,基于V2X(vehicle to everything)技术获取智能网联商用车周围状态信息,建立商用车换道安全距离模型;其次,引入商用车换道平顺性、经济性和换道效率作为指标,构建多目标协同优化函数;最后,引入动态权重位置更新策略和翻转策略改进金豺优化算法(golden jackal optimization,GJO),进而提出MSIGJO算法,利用MSIGJO算法求解函数得到最优换道轨迹。研究结果表明:该方法在商用车换道过程中横向跟踪精度提升了12.67%,侧向加速度变化率和质心侧偏角变化率分别降低了11.94%和12.65%,有效提升智能网联商用车换道安全性和平顺性,为智能网联商用车换道轨迹规划研究提供参考。

Digital Disparities:How Artificial Intelligence Can Facilitate Anti-Black Racism in the U.S.Healthcare Sector

This paper delves into the intricate interplay between artificial intelligence(AI)systems and the perpetuation of Anti-Black racism within the United States medical industry.Despite the promising potential of AI to enhance healthcare outcomes and reduce disparities,there is a growing concern that these technologies may inadvertently/advertently exacerbate existing racial inequalities.Focusing specifically on the experiences of Black patients,this research investigates how the following AI components:medical algorithms,machine learning,and natural learning processes are contributing to the unequal distribution of medical resources,diagnosis,and health care treatment of those classified as Black.Furthermore,this review employs a multidisciplinary approach,combining insights from computer science,medical ethics,and social justice theory to analyze the mechanisms through which AI systems may encode and reinforce racial biases.By dissecting the three primary components of AI,this paper aims to present a clear understanding of how these technologies work,how they intersect,and how they may inherently perpetuate harmful stereotypes resulting in negligent outcomes for Black patients.Furthermore,this paper explores the ethical implications of deploying AI in healthcare settings and calls for increased transparency,accountability,and diversity in the development and implementation of these technologies.Finally,it is important that I prefer the following paper with a clear and concise definition of what I refer to as Anti-Black racism throughout the text.Therefore,I assert the following:Anti-Black racism refers to prejudice,discrimination,or antagonism directed against individuals or communities of African descent based on their race.It involves the belief in the inherent superiority of one race over another and the systemic and institutional practices that perpetuate inequality and disadvantage for Black people.Furthermore,I proclaim that this form of racism can be manifested in various ways,such as unequal access to opportunities,resources,education,employment,and fair treatment within social,economic,and political systems.It is also pertinent to acknowledge that Anti-Black racism is deeply rooted in historical and societal structures throughout the U.S.borders and beyond,leading to systemic disadvantages and disparities that impact the well-being and life chances of Black individuals and communities.Addressing Anti-Black racism involves recognizing and challenging both individual attitudes and systemic structures that contribute to discrimination and inequality.Efforts to combat Anti-Black racism include promoting awareness,education,advocacy for policy changes,and fostering a culture of inclusivity and equality.

树脂基复合材料自动铺放技术进展

扼要介绍了树脂基复合材料自动铺放成型技术的原理、特点和国外技术及应用概况,详细介绍了国内复合材料自动铺放成形技术的研究进展,提出了国内自动铺放技术研究的关键问题及研究建议。

变电站自动化信息交换安全认证体系

分析了基于IEC61850体系的变电站自动化信息交换体系结构,基于数字证书和代理多重签名体制,提出一种实用与发展并重的变电站自动化信息交换安全认证体系。在变电站智能电子设备(IED)或变电站通信控制器中集成密码计算模块,采用普通的或代理的数字签名模式,实现信息交换过程中控制中心与变电站IED身份和信息完整性的认证。该安全认证体系符合IEC61850标准体系,密码计算采用国家密码管理委员会办公室指定的密码技术。

重型商用车AMT自动控制策略及试验分析

通过对重型商用车电控机械式自动变速器(automated mechanical transmission,AMT)起步过程分析,在综合考虑驾驶员起步意图和起步性能指标的基础上,提出起步过程离合器结合速度模糊控制算法和发动机局部恒转速模糊控制算法,将AMT换挡过程分为7个阶段,提出换挡过程离合器控制逻辑和发动机目标转速控制算法。针对车辆运行过程中出现的紧急制动工况,提出AMT制动跳挡降挡控制策略和目标挡位确定算法。为了验证控制策略的正确性,研制开发了重型商用车AMT样机,完成了AMT样车开发并进行起步、换挡和制动跳挡降挡试验。

气压驱动式自动换挡执行机构优化设计

提出了一种纯气动AMT自动换挡系统设计方案,并运用气体热力学和动力学相关理论建立换挡气缸热力学模型。依据整车换挡指标的变化特点,设计Simulink环境下的仿真试验,检测了不同换挡气缸设计尺寸对腔室压力变化率和腔室建压时间的影响,确定了换挡气缸优化设计目标和影响参数指标。最后,通过正交平衡优化试验方法,实现气动AMT换挡系统执行气缸的优化设计。

空调自动需求响应控制策略在美国商业建筑中的应用案例分析

随着自动需求响应技术的不断发展,基于空调负荷的自动需求响应控制策略技术的趋于成熟,美国已经成功地开展了大量的自动需求响应示范工程。介绍基于暖通空调(HVAC)的自动需求响应策略在单个建筑中的实施案例,分析其效果;阐述美国商业建筑中的自动需求响应试点项目。通过借鉴美国自动需求响应项目中成功应用基于HVAC的需求响应控制策略实现需求削减的经验,对我国基于HVAC的控制策略的发展及其在自动需求响应项目中的应用提出发展方向,为大力发展我国自动需求响应项目,实现对空调负荷的自动控制,提高负荷削减效果提供借鉴。

复合材料自动铺放技术在航空航天领域的研究进展

自动铺放技术因具有高效率、高质量、高精度和高可靠性的优点,已广泛应用于大型飞机、运载火箭等各类航空航天飞行器中多种结构部件的制造。主要从自动铺带技术、自动铺丝技术及铺放工艺3个方面对国内外自动铺放技术的研究进展和飞机复合材料构件的应用情况进行综述。对自动铺丝/铺带技术的特点、自动铺放设备以及自动铺放技术在飞机复合材料制造领域的应用进展进行了重点论述,梳理了自动铺放技术在国内外的研发应用情况,分析和阐明了自动铺放技术的发展现状和存在的问题,对国内外学者在自动铺放工艺上的研究进行概述,最后对自动铺放技术的未来趋势进行了展望,并针对国内自动铺放技术的发展现状和存在的问题给出了发展方向及建议。

基于改进词嵌入表示和卷积神经网络的银行智能派单系统的研究

银行智能派单系统的实现和功能完善,对银行提升客户满意度、提高突发事件处理效率、降低人工处理成本等非常重要。针对现有的基于Word2vec和TextCNN模型的银行智能派单系统进行了改进,针对特征词权重表达性弱,特征词类别及位置区分性弱等问题,提出基于改进TF-IDF加权的Word2vec词嵌入表示和卷积神经网络结合的银行智能派单系统:首先利用Word2vec模型得到输入事件单的词嵌入向量;再针对经典TF-IDF方法不具备类别区分性、位置区分性,也没有考虑极端频率特征词代表性的情况,提出改进型TF-IDF算法,计算每个特征词的权重,得到基于改进TF-IDF加权的Word2vec词嵌入表示;最后在卷积神经网络模型中进行训练,通过迭代训练最终得到分类器,利用分类器可对输入事件单信息自动进行系统类别的判断。实验结果表明改进词嵌入表示的银行智能派单系统分类模型的宏查准率、宏查全率、准确率以及宏F1值都得到进一步的提高。

基于AMESim商用汽车AMT换挡执行机构设计与仿真分析

根据某型客车变速器结构设计了一种气动A M T自动换挡系统方案。分析换挡要求,计算换挡所需最大换挡力,确定换挡气缸主要参数。以A M Esim软件为平台,对执行气缸进行建模,对自动换挡系统的主要参数进行动态仿真分析。为A M T优化设计提供了理论依据。

基于.NET的商砼自动化管理系统设计与开发

智能自动化管理逐渐被应用到各种行业,使企业得到良性发展,本系统针对预拌砼行业的特点和应用需要,制定了解决方案,系统实现了合同管理、生产管理、质量控制管理、财务管理等功能,方案设计合理,界面友好,操作简单,系统的使用能为企业产生经济效益,提高企业形象。

商用汽车AMT气推液式选换挡机构设计与分析

根据AMT选换挡执行机构设计要求,提出了一种用于商用车的气推液式机械电控机械自动变速器AMT选换挡机构设计方案,选换挡缸均采用普通单活塞缸,通过对高速开关阀占空比的增量PID控制实现选挡与退挡位置的精确定位。并根据气压传动和液压传动理论建立其数学模型,进而利用Matlab/simulink仿真工具建立机构仿真模型。并在不同气源压力下进行仿真试验,对挂挡、退挡、选挡进行了动态仿真分析,为设计方案论证及其参数设计提供仿真依据。

商业自动化课程教学实践模式新探

本文分析了商业自动化课程教学实践的特点,提出了实验教学内容的改革应加强基本训练、逐步开设实用性、前瞻性实验项目的观点。探讨了实验教学改革的新思路。

Framework of automated value stream mapping for lean production under the Industry 4.0 paradigm

For efficient use of value stream mapping(VSM)for multi-varieties and small batch production in a data-rich environment enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies,a systematic framework of VSM to rejuvenate traditional lean tools is proposed.It addresses the issue that traditional VSM requires intensive on-site investigation and replies on experience,which hinders decisionmaking efficiency in dynamic and complex environments.The proposed framework follows the data-information-knowledge hierarchy model,and demonstrates how data can be collected in a production workshop,processed into information,and then interpreted into knowledge.In this paper,the necessity and limitations of VSM in automated root cause analysis are first discussed,with a literature review on lean production tools,especially VSM and VSM-based decision making in Industry 4.0.An implementation case of a furniture manufacturer in China is presented,where decision tree algorithm was used for automated root cause analysis.The results indicate that automated VSM can make good use of production data to cater for multi-varieties and small batch production with timely on-site waste identification and analysis.The proposed framework is also suggested as a guideline to renew other lean tools for reliable and efficient decision-making.

基于INTRANET的商业自动化系统的设计与实现

随着 Internet技术的发展和它的广泛应用 ,越来越多的商业企业开始考虑利用 Internet/ Intranet技术来建设自己的商业自动化系统。本文介绍了东大阿尔派-辽大计算机所联合软件中心在沈阳计算机世界广场管理信息系统的开发中 ,利用Internet/

商用车AMT技术及发展趋势

近年来电控机械式自动变速器装机率越来越高,得到了广大用户的一致认可。论文主要从电控机械式自动变速器的结构原理、换挡策略、自学习的功能及其换挡的品质进行介绍。在进行结构原理分析时选取典型的双中间轴形式,并对集成式和外挂式的选换挡机构特点进行分析;在进行电控机械式自动变速器换挡策略分析时,结合发动机实际万有特性曲线进行两参数换挡规律介绍;电控机械式自动变速器的自学习功能及换挡品质也是衡量电控机械式自动变速器性能好坏的重要方面,论文对自学习的三种模式进行了详细的介绍;最后结合当前的发展趋势预测了未来商用车电控机械式自动变速器的发展态势。