Wide speed range for traction motor in braking force of electric braking control system

A vehicle stopping method using an electric brake until a traction motor is stopped is studied. At the moment of vehicle stop, electric brake is changed to control mode where torque is reduced at a low speed. Gradient is controlled by estimating the load torque of motor, thereby traction motor is not rotated after stop. In addition, coasting operation and brake test are performed from normal-opposite operation and start using a small-scale model comprising the inertial load equipment and the power converter. Further, traction motor is made to be equipped with a suspension torque. Pure electric braking that makes traction motor stop by an air brake at the time of stop is also implemented. Constant torque range and constant power range are expanded during braking so that braking force is secured with the electric brakes even in high speed region. Therefore, vehicle reduction effect can be expected by reducing parts related with an air brake which is not used frequently by using a pure electric brake in the M car in wide speed region. Further, maintenance of brake system can be reduced. Besides, ride comfort of passenger in the electric rail car, energy efficiency improvement, and noise reduction effect can be additionally expected. Further, an improved brake method that uses only an electric brake till motor stop is proposed by comparing those in the blending brake that uses an air brake while reducing brake torque at vehicle stop.

A hybrid stochastic fractal search and pattern search technique based cascade PI-PD controller for automatic generation control of multi-source power systems in presence of plug in electric vehicles

A hybrid Stochastic Fractal Search plus Pattern Search （hSFS-PS） based cascade PI-PD controller is suggested in this paper for Automatic Generation Control （AGC） of thermal, hydro and gas power unit based power systems in presence of Plug in Electric Vehicles （PEV）. Firstly, a single area multi-source power system consisting of thermal hydro and gas power plants is considered and parameters of Integral （I） controller is optimized by Stochastic FractaI Search （SFS） algorithm. The superiority of SFS algorithm over some recently proposed approaches such as optimal control, differential evolution and teaching learning based optimization techniques is demonstrated by comparing simulation results for the identical power system. To improve the system performance further, Pattern Search （PS） is subsequently employed. The study is further extended for different controllers like PI, PID, and cascaded PI-PD controller and the superiority of cascade PI-PD controller over conventional controllers is demonstrated. Then, cascade PI- PD controller parameters of AGC searched using the proposed hSFS-PS algorithm in presence of plug in electric vehicles. The study is also extended to an interconnected power system. It is seen from the comparative analysis that hSFS-PS tuned PI-PD controller in single and multi-area with multi sources improves the system frequency stability in complicated situations. Lastly, a three area interconnected system with PEVs with dissimilar cascade PI-PD controller in each area is considered and proposed hSFS- PS algorithm is used to tune the controller parameters in presence of nonlinearities like rate constraint of units, dead zone of governor and communication delay.

Neural-Fuzzy-Based Adaptive Sliding Mode Automatic Steering Control of Vision-based Unmanned Electric Vehicles

This paper presents a novel neural-fuzzy-based adaptive sliding mode automatic steering control strategy to improve the driving performance of vision-based unmanned electric vehicles with time-varying and uncertain parameters.Primarily,the kinematic and dynamic models which accurately express the steering behaviors of vehicles are constructed,and in which the relationship between the look-ahead time and vehicle velocity is revealed.Then,in order to overcome the external disturbances,parametric uncertainties and time-varying features of vehicles,a neural-fuzzy-based adaptive sliding mode automatic steering controller is proposed to supervise the lateral dynamic behavior of unmanned electric vehicles,which includes an equivalent control law and an adaptive variable structure control law.In this novel automatic steering control system of vehicles,a neural network system is utilized for approximating the switching control gain of variable structure control law,and a fuzzy inference system is presented to adjust the thickness of boundary layer in real-time.The stability of closed-loop neural-fuzzy-based adaptive sliding mode automatic steering control system is proven using the Lyapunov theory.Finally,the results illustrate that the presented control scheme has the excellent properties in term of error convergence and robustness.

Research and Development of Engine-Generator Set Control System for Tracked Vehicle Electric Transmission System

As an energy generating equipment, the engine-generator set supplies power to the electric transmission. Therefore, its control is one of the key technologies of electric vehicles. Based on the discussion about the demands to the engine-generator set in tracked vehicles, the detailed function of engine-generator and the control strategy are determined. The hardware and software of the control system are also developed and tested in a prototype vehicle. The experiment results show that the control system has good reliability and can satisfy the power requirements of vehicles under all operating conditions.

Hopf Bifurcation Analysis and Control for Electrical System of Military Vehicle

Electrical system of military vehicle is a typical parameterized nonlinear system where complicated bifurcations may exist and threaten its safe and stable operation. An algebraic criterion for Hopf bifurcation is presented briefly and applied to find Hopf bifurcation point of the electrical system with automatic voltage regulator(AVR) dynamics in military vehicle. Hopf bifurcation controllers are designed for this electrical system by using wash-out filter,linear feedback,nonlinear feedback and their combination. The linear feedback control makes the system bring Hopf bifurcation at preferable parameter,the nonlinear feedback control modifies the type of the bifurcation,and the wash-out filter enhances the system damping,thus,the Hopf bifurcation is eliminated and the electrical system stability is ensured. Simulation results show the controller's validity.

The Application of Principle of Automatic Control in the site Management of Electric Power Construction Enterprise

It is need to establish site project department during the construction of electric power project.The head office should design and build the main structure,continually improve structure of project department,meantime,positively apply principle of automatic control to improve the site management of electric power construction.In this article,the application strategy of principle of automatic control is analyzed focusing on the site work of electric power construction.

OPTIMAL TORQUE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE WITH AUTOMATIC MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

In parallel hybrid electrical vehicle （PHEV） equipped with automatic mechanical transmission （AMT）, the driving smoothness and the clutch abrasion are the primary considerations for powertrain control during gearshift and clutch operation. To improve these performance indexes of PHEV, a coordinated control system is proposed through the analyzing of HEV powertrain dynamic characteristics. Using the method of minimum principle, the input torque of transmission is optimized to improve the driving smoothness of vehicle. Using the methods of fuzzy logic and fuzzy-PID, the engaging speed of clutch and the throttle opening of engine are manipulated to ensure the smoothness of clutch engagement and reduce the abrasion of clutch friction plates. The motor provides the difference between the required input torque of transmission and the torque transmitted through clutch plates. Results of simulation and experiments show that the proposed control strategy performs better than the contrastive control system, the smoothness of driving and the abrasion of clutch can be improved simultaneously.

Design and application of electric oil pump in automatic transmission for efficiency improvement and start–stop function

For the purpose of improving efficiency and realizing start–stop function, an electric oil pump(EOP) is integrated into an 8-speed automatic transmission(AT). A mathematical model is built to calculate the transmission power loss and the hydraulic system leakage. Based on this model, a flow-based control strategy is developed for EOP to satisfy the system flow requirement. This control strategy is verified through the forward driving simulation. The results indicate that there is a best combination for the size of mechanical oil pump(MOP) and EOP in terms of minimum energy consumption. In order to get a quick and smooth starting process, control strategies of the EOP and the on-coming clutch are proposed. The test environment on a prototype vehicle is built to verify the feasibility of the integrated EOP and its control strategies. The results show that the selected EOP can satisfy the flow requirement and a quick and smooth starting performance is achieved in the start–stop function. This research has a high value for the forward design of EOP in automatic transmissions with respect to efficiency improvement and start–stop function.

Study on Modeling and Control Strategy for Electric Drive Motor of Tracked Vehicles

Aimed at the requirements for electric transmission system of a military tracked vehicle, the motor's design indexes were analysed and calculated. A model based on saturate inductance parameter of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor was brought forward by using finite element analysis. And its control strategy based on the largest running capability was studied also. The experiment results for a scale model show that the modelling method improves the model's accuracy, and the motor's control strategy is effective.

Analysis of Small Oscillations in Complex Electric Power Systems

In this article the mathematical model of complex regulated electric system in matrix form is developed. This mathematical model makes it possible to study the steady-state stability of a complex electrical system by determining the eigenvalues of the dynamics matrix. The model of an electrical system that reflects transient processes for small deviations is convenient, both algorithmically and computationally, in particular, in cases of their joint solution with steady-state equations—the equations of nodal voltages. The obtained results in the form of the eigenvalues of the matrix spectrum are qualitatively the same as the results of classical studies, which is a consequence of the adequacy of the proposed model and the correct reflection of the dynamic processes occurring in a real electrical system. In addition, the equations obtained are of independent importance for the analysis of various modes, including transient, electrical systems of any complexity.

基于FOFSMC的矿用永磁同步牵引电机控制策略研究

为解决矿用电机车因运行工况复杂导致的牵引电机调速困难,设计了一种分数阶模糊滑模控制器(FOFSMC)来改善牵引电机的调速性能。通过设计分数阶积分型滑模面来消除积分滑模面的饱和效应,降低滑模控制的固有抖振;通过模糊滑模控制规则来优化牵引电机状态在分数阶滑模面的运动品质,使其状态在有限时间内迅速到达滑模面。依据Lyapunov稳定性分析方法证明了所设计控制策略的稳定性。仿真测试结果表明,存在外部负载干扰的情况下,FOFSMC较于SMC控制策略对于给定转速的跟踪响应更快;当负载突变时,FOFSMC控制下的系统超调量更小。矿用永磁同步牵引电机在所设计的FOFSMC控制下,有着良好的鲁棒性和动态响应性能。

基于RPC的光储接入牵引供电系统协调控制方法

为将光伏发电接入牵引供电系统进行有效利用,同时兼顾牵引供电系统电能质量改善及列车再生制动能量回收利用,提出了一种基于铁路功率调节器的光储系统接入牵引供电系统的协调控制方法.首先,搭建基于铁路功率调节器的光储系统接入牵引供电拓扑结构,并对其电能质量补偿机理进行理论分析;在此基础上,充分考虑光储系统的运行条件以及列车牵引、制动、空载或惰行工况,提出光储系统接入牵引供电的联合协调控制方法,实现了“光+储+荷”三者间的协调控制、牵引供电系统负序的动态补偿以及谐波的有效抑制;在RT-Lab实时仿真系统中建立了基于铁路功率调节器的光伏接入牵引供电系统仿真模型,并结合实际光照和牵引工况数据验证本文所提出的系统结构以及协调控制方法的有效性.结果表明:本文所提出的系统结构以及协调控制方法能够实现牵引供电系统中光储系统的有效接入,再生制动能量回收率提升至86.7%,功率因数提升6.4%,对谐波特别是高次谐波含有率有较大改善,满足光伏电能高效消纳及综合利用、电能质量动态综合补偿、再生制动能量回收多重需求.

烟草钵苗双盘对称交错式自动取苗装置设计与试验

为解决烟草半移栽作业用工量大、效益低等问题,设计一种对称交错式自动取苗装置。首先,阐述该自动取苗装置对两盘钵苗进行交错式取苗的原理,建立取投苗作业过程中的动力学和运动学模型。然后,对送盘装置、取投苗装置和自动控制系统等取苗装置关键部件进行结构设计,分析关键部件的作业过程,结合实际需求完成关键元器件的选型。最后,在已有移栽机动力底盘的基础上试制2ZY-1型烟草移栽机样机,以60天苗龄的烟草钵苗为作业对象进行田间取投苗性能试验。试验结果表明,在自动取投苗速度为20株/min时,取苗成功率为89.63%,投苗成功率为97.20%,伤苗率为3.59%。

基于光纤传感的铁路牵引网故障自动识别技术

由于现有的铁路牵引网故障识别方法在识别过程中易受到周围环境影响,故障识别准确率较低,因此,提出基于分布式光纤传感的铁路牵引网故障自动识别方法。构建3种牵引网故障自动识别规则,通过自动识别规则,使用分布式光纤传感对故障特征进行提取;使用变量分析对故障损伤数据进行处理,筛选符合传输的故障损伤数据进行传输,计算故障损伤数据,运用网络拓扑结构对故障特征信息进行传输;通过融合层次的诊断,进行数据的融合,得到诊断结果,实现基于分布式光纤传感的铁路牵引网故障自动识别。

PLC技术在煤矿电气工程自动化控制中的应用

为进一步探究煤矿电气工程自动化控制水平的提升路径,结合煤矿井下皮带机设备的电气自动化控制工作需要,以PLC技术为核心,构建面向皮带机的煤矿电气工程自动化控制系统,并对系统的控制站、通信功能、远程监控、人机交互等各方面的功能均进行详细设计,以实现系统功能。从现场测试效果来看,该系统能够实现对皮带机的有效监控,表明该系统具有一定的应用价值。

基于光纤传感的铁路牵引网故障自动识别方法

由于现有的铁路牵引网故障识别方法在识别过程中易受到周围环境影响,故障识别准确率较低,因此,提出基于分布式光纤传感的铁路牵引网故障自动识别方法。构建三种牵引网故障自动识别规则,通过自动识别规则,使用分布式光纤传感对故障特征进行提取;使用变量分析对故障损伤数据进行处理,筛选符合传输的故障损伤数据进行传输,计算故障损伤数据,运用网络拓扑结构对故障特征信息进行传输;通过融合层次的诊断,进行数据的融合,得到诊断结果,实现基于分布式光纤传感的铁路牵引网故障自动识别。搭建仿真模拟模型进行实验,通过实验结果表明:在10种不同的故障类型条件下,本文设计方法在对牵引网故障损伤自动识别中,准确率最高可达到93.35%,故障识别效果较好,可满足对铁路牵引网故障自动准确识别的需求,具有一定的实际应用价值。

基于PLC的全自动码垛机电气控制系统设计研究

自动码垛机需要实现多轴运动控制,包括各种传动部件的精确控制和同步。需要考虑运动规划、速度控制、位置反馈等方面,这使得确保系统的稳定性和精度难度较高。为此,设计基于PLC的全自动码垛机电气控制系统。首先,通过PLC、传感器、执行器、操作面板和人机界面、电源和电气元完成系统的整体硬件的设计;其次,设计自动取料模块和速度电气控制器。对于系统软件部分,先设计PLC梯形图。基于此,结合抗扰电气控制器原理,再设计全自动码垛机的鲁棒电气控制算法。实验结果表明,所设计系统能够精准跟踪全自动码垛机机械臂的关节轨迹,说明该系统的电气控制效果较好,且具有理想的抗干扰性。

地铁车辆异步电机仿真与直接转矩控制研究

电力牵引系统是地铁列车运行与制动的核心部分,牵引电机主要采用三相交流异步电机进行控制,控制方法多样。为验证直接转矩控制法在牵引电机中的控制效果,在MATLAB/Simulink仿真设计中采用DTC控制牵引电机的转速,进而控制轨道车辆的车速,完成地铁电力牵引系统的建模。仿真过程中定子电流正弦曲线规律、定子磁链收敛为规整圆形、转矩控制及时响应,牵引电机稳定运行。仿真结果表明,采用直接转矩控制法使得城市轨道交通牵引系统具有良好的控制性能。

列车电力牵引系统控制与状态监测综述及展望

电力牵引系统作为高速列车/电力机车的“心脏”,其持续创新是推动列车技术进步的关键。文中针对列车电力牵引系统的拓扑结构、控制技术、状态监测与故障诊断等方面展开综述。概述两电平电力牵引系统拓扑在我国高速列车的应用现状,分析三电平拓扑的优势及碳化硅器件在牵引变流器的应用前景;回顾单相脉冲整流器传统控制方法,总结大功率牵引电机优化控制与全速域多模式调制策略,并探讨新一代模型预测控制技术的发展趋势;梳理牵引变流器关键部件老化与失效机理,总结牵引电机典型故障模式,并分析牵引系统状态监测与故障诊断技术研究现状。最后,对列车牵引系统拓扑、控制与监测关键技术的发展趋势进行展望。

煤矿井下水力压裂自动控制系统设计

分析指出目前煤矿井下水力压裂技术面临压裂泵输出压力和流量无法快速精确调节、远程安全监控效果及自动化水平有待提高等难题。设计了一种煤矿井下水力压裂自动控制系统。根据煤矿井下水力压裂工艺及系统构成,明确了控制系统关键技术为高压大流量压裂泵输出流量和压力的快速精确调节,远程高可靠性安全、高速实时监控,一键启停及图形化分析等。以KXH12本安型控制器为核心,搭配变频器、组合开关、监控主机、电动开度球阀等设备,以及光纤加CAN总线的双线冗余通信方案,研发了控制系统硬件,并编制了压裂泵控制器、水箱控制器及中央控制器软件,实现了压裂系统快速变流量注水、稳定保压及远程高速实时监控和报警等功能。在煤矿现场对水力压裂自动控制系统进行工业性试验,结果表明该系统压力控制精度为0.1 MPa,流量控制精度为0.1 m3/h,在连续完成14次压裂过程中,每次煤岩层开裂后均能实现较好的保压效果,且操作简单,安全性高,满足煤矿井下水力压裂工艺要求。