Design and Application of Water, Fertilizer and Pesticide Integrated Automatic Control Device

Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.

Performance Analysis of Automated Control System for Condenser Water Treatment Unit

The air conditioning system in the Umm Al-Qura University (Albdiya Campus) was conceived to be a district cooling by a remote chilled water plant. Recently, there are two chilled water plants in the university installed strategically to provide chilled water to all the academic and administrative buildings of the university through distribution network with total capacity approximately of 12,000 tons of refrigeration. The plants were built based on cooling towers with open water cycle as heat rejection system. Water treatment chemicals has been used to protect the cooling systems from corrosion, scaling and microbiological fouling accompanied with dissolved and suspended water impurities. Different methods are being used to determine and control the treatment chemical concentrations and system performance indicators. Traditional chemical controller has drawback of indirect measurements and set points. The purpose of this paper is to present a solution to overcome the problems of traditional and conventional chemical treatment and control sys-tems. Central cooling plant number (1) assigned to perform experimental setup using new chemical treatment technology. Advanced automatic chemical treatment controller installed on condensers (1, 2 and 3), and certain key performance indicators were selected and monitored such as chemical and water consumption, power, energy saving, and maintaining system integrity and efficiency. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of performance and cost of operation.

Automatic Control of Water Pumping Stations

Automatic Control of pumps is an interesting proposal to operate water pumping stations among many kinds of water pumping stations according to their functions.In this paper,our pumping station is being used for water supply system. This paper is to introduce the idea of pump controller and the important factors that must be considering when we want to design automatic control system of water pumping stations. Then the automatic control circuit with the function of all components will be introduced.

Design of Automatic Irrigation System for Small Farmers in Rwanda

In Rwanda, agricultural industry depends on seasonal rain, and this has been a great challenge to agriculture in Rwanda. The designed sample of Photovoltaic pumping system is for irrigation on a piece of land, with 100 m2 field fed by underground water tank of 8 meters of elevation collected during rainy seasons. The adapted 100 m2 field is based on the fact that Rwanda is a densely populated country, also is adapted to be used especially in horticulture to increase exportation. In this system, a photovoltaic system is used as a power source;a pump is coupled with electric motor to drive it and hosepipe to convey water to the storage tank. A sensor is used to send a signal to the driver section at the same time sending a signal to the microcontroller that controls the driver unit and the corresponding relay, which switches off the motor when the water level reaches the lowest level.

Algorithm of Dynamic Operation Process of Hydraulic Automatically Operated Canals with Constant-Downstream Level Gates

On the basis of analysis the governing process of downstream water level gates AVIO and AVIS, a mathematical model for simulation of dynamic operation process of hydraulically automated irrigation canals instalIed with AVIO and AVIS gates is presented, the main point of this rnathematical model is firstly applying a set of unsteady flow equations （St. Venant equations here） and treating the condition of gate movement as its dynamic boundary, and then deeoupling this interaction of gate movement with the change of canal flow. In this process, it is necessary to give the gateg open-loop transfer function whose input is water level deviation and output is gate discharge. The result of this simulation for a practical reach has shown it has satisfactory accuracy.

Development of El-Salam Canal Automation System

In Egypt irrigation water is becoming more scarce with the continuously increasing demand for agriculture, domestic and industrial purposes. To face this increasing irrigation demand, the available water supply in Egypt is supplemented by the reuse of agricultural drainage water as in El-Salam Canal that do not satisfy water quality standards defined for the canal. This paper introduces an automation system for El-Salam Canal to control the flow of the fresh water and drainage water supplied to the canal. This automatic control system (ACS) is able to process data of various flows and water quality data along the canal. This control system is represented by a canal computer model. This system computes the required control actions at the Damietta branch and the feeding drains. It is also able to generate optimum solutions for the canal to satisfy the pre-defined canal conditions and standards.

船舶拥堵水域通行能力预测技术

针对船舶交通流量大、水域繁忙情况下,通行能力预测难度过高的问题,提出船舶拥堵水域通行能力预测技术。利用船舶坐标位置以及航行速度,确定船舶状态,建立船舶航行队列模型。依据船舶领域模型确定船舶航行对应的椭圆形区域,作为船舶拥堵水域的领域。确定船舶领域内,影响航道容量的相关因素。设置船舶密度、船舶航行速度等水域通行能力影响指标,作为长短时记忆网络的输入。长短时记忆网络通过遗忘门、输入门以及输出门3个门控单元,选择保留或遗忘输入的数据,输出船舶拥堵水域通行能力预测结果。实验结果表明,该技术能够有效预测船舶拥堵水域通行能力,提高航道利用率,保障水域交通安全性。

对某城乡供水工程自动化控制的设计和应用研究

城乡供水自动化是解决农村饮水安全的重要措施,能够有效保证供水工程的管理决策能力和应用服务水平。总结了某城乡供水项目中自动化控制的设计和应用,不仅能有效的弥补水利工程建设过程中存在的不足,此外在实现水利工程长远发展、提高水利工程管理水平中也发挥了重要性作用,可以实现城乡供水后期运行中节水、减员、降本、增效的功能优势,推动了城乡供水的均等化服务,有效巩固当地的脱贫攻坚工作。

明渠模型预测控制快速优化计算方法

针对基于圣维南方程使用启发式算法进行渠道预测控制时,现有优化计算方法生成调控方案时间过长、无法满足实时控制需求的问题,提出了一种基于多目标优化算法的快速优化方法.以一处试验渠道的数值模型作为控制对象,应用此方法构建了预测控制模型以生成调控方案,并构建了一维水动力模型对调控方案进行验证.研究发现在闸门控制系统中,超出水位控制范围的最大值最小、超出水位控制范围的平均值最小、闸门动作次数最少、闸门开度总变化量最小4个目标间能够相互诱导,加速优化计算过程4倍以上.在该试验渠道的流量计划调整工况中,验证了此种方法的有效性,将单次计算时间缩短至1 s内.验证效果表明,该方法在提高了水位控制效果的同时,能够减少由单独设置超出水位控制范围的最大值最小目标导致的非必要闸门调控,总计减少69%的闸门调控次数.

新孟河运南支河闸控方案下河湖水动力影响探讨

通过构建太湖流域北部一维、二维耦合的河湖水动力数学模型,模拟并分析了新孟河延伸拓浚工程运南段主要无闸控支河设控前后对引水沿线河道和滆湖水动力的影响。结果表明,新孟河运南段支河口门设控下,引水后运南段河道水位、流速将明显上升,经北干河东侧入滆湖流量有所增加,但支河闸控有利于北干河西侧分流比升高,支河口门东侧闸控将导致滆湖北部水体交换能力降低、水动力有所减弱,滆湖东侧出湖河道流量受新孟河运南段支河闸控的影响较小。为提高新孟河工程引水效益,探讨提出了支河闸控方案在引水期、非引水期和应急排水期等时期的实施建议,为新孟河工程运行及优化调度提供一定的参考。

一种用于水下闸门启闭电磁挂脱梁研究

水利水电工程广泛使用的自动挂脱梁主要分为机械和液压两大类。机械自动挂脱梁易出现误操作;液压自动挂脱梁可能出现梁销轴卡阻、穿退销不到位、电缆拉断、电缆和泵站进水等故障。针对上述问题,结合乌东德水电站分层取水叠梁门启闭条件,研究试制了一种无线控制的新型电磁自动挂脱梁,先后在制造厂和水电站叠梁门工作现场进行了水上水下启闭门试验和水下密封试验,验证了在动水条件下操作闸门可行。

矿山井下排污水系统自动化应用研究

矿山井下水仓排水系统多采用自吸式排污泵进行排放污水,排水期间需要人员手动开启水泵及阀门,并且需对水泵的排水状况进行实时监管,否则当水仓内污水排空时,若不及时关闭水泵及阀门则会引发电机烧毁、泵头机械密封损坏等一系列故障。针对这一现状,本文对矿山井下水仓排污水系统进行自动化控制改造,在原有排水系统的基础上增设电动偏心半球阀、水位传感器、搅拌机以及电气控制系统等相关部件,利用水位传感器的信号电动控制水泵的启停以阀门的开关,同时优化安装工艺并进行调试,实现了排水自动化。经过对比分析,系统故障率下降了60%,现场使用效果显著,减轻了维修人员的工作量,切实提高了矿井排水的安全性以及稳定性。

潮白河向阳闸自动化监控系统的改造与应用

为提高向阳闸的运行效率,对潮白河向阳闸自动化监控系统进行了升级改造。该系统可实时监测水位、水流和闸门状态等关键参数,并通过无线通信技术将数据传输至远程控制中心,实现了闸门自动调节水位和流量的功能。监控系统用于实现对向阳闸的远程监测、自动控制和数据记录,提高了闸门的流量控制精度。自动化监控系统关键技术的应用提高了潮白河水利工程的运行效率,为水利工程的智能化和自动化发展提供了有益探索和借鉴。

基于无模型自适应算法的磁流变液水分控制

磁流变抛光是一种去除效率稳定、无亚表面损伤的超精密加工工艺,然而,在抛光过程中,磁流变液的水分损失会改变抛光工具的特性,从而影响去除函数的稳定性。现有的水分控制策略受到磁流变液循环系统大时延、时变扰动的影响,导致水分含量存在周期性波动,使去除函数发生周期时变,进而影响加工质量与精度。本研究建立了磁流变液循环系统的传递函数模型,开展了系统特性分析,并据此设计了基于全格式动态线性化的无模型自适应控制算法,该算法能够实现非线性系统的参数自适应控制,有效抑制因时变扰动和时延引起的水分波动,为抛光过程中水分含量的稳定控制提供了一种简单有效、适用性强的控制策略。实验结果显示,采用FFDL-MFAC控制算法时,磁流变液水分波动的峰谷值(Peak-valley Value,PV)仅为0.06%,相较于使用PID减少了40%,误差绝对值的积分(Integral value of Absolute Er‐ror,IAE)减少了58.1%。有效提升了抛光过程中磁流变液水分含量的稳定性。

市政泵站与河道泵闸稳定河道水质的联合优化调度

市政泵站雨天放江污染已成为影响上海市中心城区河道水质持续稳定改善的主要因素之一。为推进河道水质持续稳定改善提供技术支撑,同时为泵闸联合调度精细化管理提供精准化决策,以上海市某重点河道及其服务范围内市政泵站为研究对象,建立区域排水系统泵闸联调一体化模型,根据区域防汛安全保障和河道水环境保护的需求,基于多种降雨工况下,模拟河流监测断面水动力和水质结果,分析市政泵站放江对受纳水体的水质影响情况,提出市政泵站和河道泵闸在各种降雨类型中联动运行优化调度的建议,为上海市中心城区其他河道水环境质量持续改善提供引领示范,同时为国内其他城市内涝和河道泵闸优化调控提供参考和借鉴。

分层表冷器的水循环优化预测控制研究

针对分层表冷器的协同控制问题,根据室外温度和室外相对湿度这2种环境变量,采用门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit,GRU)网络搭建表冷器温湿度系统预测模型,用于预测室内平均温度和室内平均湿度。首先,针对水循环优化算法收敛速度慢的问题,将生物地理学优化(biogeography-based optimization,BBO)算法中的迁入迁出行为嵌入到水循环算法(water cycle algorithm,WCA)中,以提高算法性能;然后,利用改进的水循环算法(improved water cycle algorithm,iWCA)滚动优化得到控制量,即主表冷阀、副表冷阀和电动三通阀的开度。仿真实验结果表明:与传统的预测控制算法相比,GRU-iWCA预测控制方法具有更高的跟踪精度和稳定性。

煤矿矿井水污染源自动监测及综合防治技术研究

煤矿开采造成了矿井水污染问题,威胁人们的身体健康,为此,研究煤矿矿井水污染源自动监测及综合防治技术。以陕西省西安市彬长矿区为研究区域,分析该矿区的基本概况。对研究区域矿井水污染源开展自动监测,分析矿井水污染的主要来源。利用化学物质对水入射光线的吸附与分散效应进行水质参数监测,根据监测结果通过从源头控制、污染治理、矿井水资源化和优化排放方式四个防治措施实现研究矿区矿井水的综合防治。实验结果表明,所提方法的污染源监测精度较高,监测误差能够控制在1%以内,应用效果较好。

PLC在海洋馆生物维生系统中的应用

目前,国内的海洋馆水质检测基本上仍处于人工取样、化学分析的人工监测阶段,其耗时费力并且需要配备人员进行全天候的观察和人工操作。该文提出的自动化养殖循环水控制系统操作简单、数值输出快而精确,并且可以实现对饲养的海洋生物进行24 h全过程的连续或适时监测,并可以根据监测数据自动启动相关设备进行干预以改善饲养水体质量。对于预防极端气候造成极端水质物理指标及各水环境因子综合的病害机理具有重要意义,可以使养殖的海洋生物规避生病和死亡的风险。

智能化水处理过程中的自动化控制策略优化与探讨

文章论述了智能化水处理系统的基本构成,包括信号收集系统、控制系统、人机交互系统、保护系统、设备工艺系统等,针对智能化水处理系统中的核心控制系统,提出将人工神经网络模型、专家知识推理机、模糊控制模型等应用于水处理过程自动化控制策略优化中,通过对水处理过程的实时在线监测、水质参数分析与处理过程智能化控制,提高智能化水处理系统运行的稳定性以及水处理效果,降低水处理能耗。

远程测控智能闸门灌区推广应用研究

在潦河灌区西潦北干五支渠安装了远程测控智能平板闸门装置,开展渠道自动量水监测试验,分析验证远程测控智能闸门装置的实际应用效果。结果表明:该技术能实现灌区明渠输配水的远程智能化控制、下泄水流量数据实时监测、统计,测流误差综合精度小于5%,测流精度和可靠度较好,该系统适用于灌区小型明渠输水控制,为灌区量水设施改造工作提供了有效手段。