Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Water Based on LIBS with an Automatic Device for Sample Preparation

Abstract Heavy metals in water can be deposited on graphite flakes, which can be used as an enrichment method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） and is studied in this paper. The graphite samples were prepared with an automatic device, which was composed of a loading and unloading module, a quantitatively adding solution module, a rapid heating and drying module and a precise rotating module. The experimental results showed that the sample preparation methods had no significant effect on sample distribution and the LIBS signal accumulated in 20 pulses was stable and repeatable. With an increasing amount of the sample solution on the graphite flake, the peak intensity at Cu I 324.75 nm accorded with the exponential function with a correlation coefficient of 0.9963 and the background intensity remained unchanged. The limit of detection （LOD） was calculated through linear fitting of the peak intensity versus the concentration. The LOD decreased rapidly with an increasing amount of sample solution until the amount exceeded 20 mL and the correlation coefficient of exponential function fitting was 0.991. The LOD of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and Zn after evaporating different amounts of sample solution on the graphite flakes was measured and the variation tendency of their LOD with sample solution amounts was similar to the tendency for Cu. The experimental data and conclusions could provide a reference for automatic sample preparation and heavy metal in situ detection.

Design and Application of Water, Fertilizer and Pesticide Integrated Automatic Control Device

Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.

Effects of automatic variable preload device on performance of spindle

To increase the machine accuracy by improving the stiffness of bearings,a preload was applied to bearings.A variable preload technology was necessary to perform machining processes in both low and high speed regions.An automatic variable preload device was fabricated using an eccentric mass.By installing the fabricated device on a spindle,the effect of the automatic variable preload device on the performance of the spindle was analyzed.In the results of the vibration measurement of the spindle,the vibration is increased by 20%-37% according to measurement points at the maximum rotation speed of 5 000 r/min.And,in the results of the noise measurement of the spindle,the spindle rotation speed is increased by about 1.9% and 1.5% at the front and side of the spindle,respectively.Based on the results of this analysis,an improved method that reduces such effects on the performance of the spindle is proposed.

Design and implementation of automatic shading device for diffuse radiation measurement

Considering the problem of too large area the shading disc covered,complex shadow band coefficients and too big diffuse radiation measurement bias,an automatic shading device for diffuse radiometer is designed and realized. Set a shading ball on the automatic sun tracker,drive linkage parallelogram structure with the declination axis arm,the shading ball can rotate synchronously with the motion of the sun and shade beam radiation measured with pyranometer,thus shading beam radiation and measuring diffuse radiation can be realized automatically. The comparison test results show that the automatic shading device can realize diffuse radiation measurement automatically,the accuracy of diffuse radiation readings can get a 18. 7% improvement compared with traditional measure system,greatly improves the reliability and accuracy of the diffuse radiation measurement.

Research on Cam-linkage Mechanism of Automatic Piecing Device

The principle of an automatic piecing device is presented, and the mathematic model of a specific combined mechanism of the automatic piecing device is analysed. The kinematics and dynamics equation of the combined mechanism is established on the basis of the mathematic model. By the virtual prototype technology, the motion of this mechanism is simulated, whose result is post-processed by ADAMS. To improve the output motion, according to the simulation output and automatic piecing device's practical working condition, the optimisation of the cam mechanism is carried out by finite difference method. The simulation result of this combined mechanism turns out in accordance with its theoretical analysis of virtual prototype in this research, which, therefore, lays a principle basis for the further study of automatic piecing device.

Variable-mass Thermodynamics Calculation Model for Gas-operated Automatic Weapon

Aiming at the fact that the energy and mass exchange phenomena exist between barrel and gas-operated device of the automatic weapon, for describing its interior ballistics and dynamic characteristics of the gas-operated device accurately, a new variable-mass thermodynamics model is built. It is used to calculate the automatic mechanism velocity of a certain automatic weapon, the calculation results coincide with the experimental results better, and thus the model is validated. The influences of structure parameters on gas-operated device's dynamic characteristics are discussed. It shows that the model is valuable for design and accurate performance prediction of gas-operated automatic weapon.

Design and application of automatic constant temperature moxibustion box

Objective:To explore the clinical application effect of self-designed automatic constant temperature moxibustion box.Methods:From June 2016 to January 2017,150 patients with neck,shoulder,back and leg pain admitted to our hospital were treated with moxibustion under the informed consent of the patients.The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group,75 cases each.The group used traditional moxibustion box for moxibustion treatment,and the observation group used automatic constant temperature moxibustion box for moxibustion treatment for 15 days.After the treatment,the patient's safety,comfort,satisfaction and adverse reactions were compared,and the results were analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical software.Results:The comfort and satisfaction in study group were all superior to that of control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.01).For patient's safety,the ratio of patients suffered from scald in study and control groups was 5.3/100 and 0,respectively.Conclusions:It is of great significance for improving clinical efficacy and preventing medical risks.It is worthy of clinical application.

基于软体手指的自动翻布装置及其应用效果

为实现缝纫工序中自动化设备间的无缝衔接,提高协同工作效率,采用气动驱动装置驱动杆件直线移动来模拟人手的翻布动作,设计了一种自动翻布装置,可完全替代人手操作,在软体手指的配合下完成面料的自动抓取、分离,并将缝合后的2层布片自动展平;在此基础上归纳了影响该翻布装置效果的因素,从布片偏转角度和偏移距离2个维度评价其翻布效果,建立了二维5级评价模型。然后选取3种市面上常见的面料,完成2层布片缝合操作后,通过正交试验分别分析其在5、10和15 mm缝份下的最优翻布工艺因素配伍方案,并结合多元回归分析方法建立基于织物性能的翻布效果预测模型。验证结果表明,该预测模型的预测准确率为80%,具有较好的预测性和参考价值,可有效减少人工干预,提高生产一致性,促进服装生产全自动智能化发展。

锚杆钻机自动换杆装置设计与分析

为解决现有锚杆钻机机械化和自动化程度不高、工作效率低的问题,设计了一种锚杆钻机自动换杆装置,并对其工作扭矩、机械手夹紧力及翻转力矩进行了参数计算。使用ANSYS软件对自动换杆装置关键部件进行了有限元静力学分析,分析结果表明,关键部件结构强度满足设计需求。在ANSYS软件中对自动换杆装置进行了模态分析,得到了其前6阶固有频率,与锚杆钻机激振频率进行了对比,结果表明,自动换杆装置不会与锚杆钻机产生共振,该装置满足设计要求。

枸杞自动折叠晾晒装置设计

晾晒制干是枸杞生产的关键步骤,可提升枸杞风味,使枸杞利于储存和运输。但传统的晾晒制干作业需要大量人员参与,导致枸杞种植户劳动强度较高,且难以把控质量。设计了一种自动折叠的枸杞晾晒装置,可根据周围的温湿度、光照、枸杞重量变化自动调节晾晒盘的折叠和展开,以及控制装置的朝向,能获得较高的枸杞晾晒效率,降低枸杞种植户的晾晒工作强度,有助于推动枸杞产业发展。

郭庄煤业3308工作面自动化喷雾降尘系统研究

为解决因矿井工作面粉尘质量浓度过高严重影响矿井工人的生产安全和身心健康,通常在煤层工作面采用喷雾的方法,但目前喷雾多为人工操作,自动化喷雾的地面控制联动还未大规模实现,除尘效率不高且喷雾开停不及时会造成水资源大量浪费,提高工程成本。因此为降低工作面粉尘质量浓度和落实企业“算账文化”,对郭庄煤业矿井3308工作面建立一套地面可控的自动化精准喷雾降尘装置,对6个测点喷雾前后粉尘质量浓度进行监测和对比。研究结果表明:3308工作面经喷雾装置处理后,全尘质量浓度和呼尘质量浓度都得到了大幅度降低,全尘质量浓度降低幅度为81.30%~91.00%,而呼尘质量浓度的降低幅度为78.50%~90.69%.该自动化喷雾装置能够有效降低工作面粉尘质量浓度,保障巷道安全环境和工人健康的同时减少水资源浪费,节省工程成本。

嵌入式智能电表检定装置时间激活误差自动控制方法研究

在核电工程中,精确的时间控制对于确保反应堆的安全运行和数据的准确记录至关重要。例如,在核电站的控制系统中,时间激活误差可能会影响反应堆的控制信号,进而影响反应堆的稳定性和安全性。因此,该文提出了一种基于模糊PID的嵌入式智能电表检定装置时间激活误差自动控制方法。首先,通过分析电表检定装置时间激活误差的来源,建立误差子模型,并通过叠加拟合得到误差综合模型,以明确检定装置时间激活误差与误差源之间的关系。然后,结合模糊PID方法针对检定装置的时间激活误差设计控制器。最后,引入反馈机制对控制器的控制参数进行调整与优化,得到最优控制参数,以此对检定装置时间激活误差进行控制,得到校正后的测量时间,完成检定装置时间激活误差的校正。实验结果表明,利用所提方法对检定装置时间激活误差进行自动控制后,误差漂移较小,控制性能更加优异。

Grasshopper optimization algorithm optimized multistage controller for automatic generation control of a power system with FACTS devices

This paper uses a Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) controller for Automatic generation control (AGC) of a power system with Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) devices. Three differently rated reheat turbine operated thermal units with appropriate generation rate constraint (GRC) are considered along with different FACTS devices. A new multistage controller design structure of a PDF plus (1 + PI) is introduced in the FACTS empowered power system for AGC while the controller gains are tuned by the GOA. The superiority of the proposed algorithm over the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms is demonstrated. The dynamic responses of GOA optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) are compared with PIDF, PID and PI controllers on the same system. It is demonstrated that GOA optimized PDF plus (1 + PI) controller provides optimum responses in terms of settling time and peak deviations compared to other controllers. In addition, a GOA-tuned PDF plus (1 + PI) controller with Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) exhibits optimal results compared to other FACTS devices. The sturdiness of the projected controller is validated using sensitivity analysis with numerous load patterns and a wide variation of parameterization. To further validate the real-time feasibility of the proposed method, experiments using OPAL-RT OP5700 RCP/HIL and FPGA based real-time simulations are carried out.

面向边缘智能的神经网络模型生成与部署研究

随着移动计算、第五代移动通信技术(5G)以及物联网(IoT)技术的不断演进,各类终端设备的数量呈现指数级增长。这种激增的终端设备连接到网络产生了巨大的数据流,对于需要实时处理和快速响应用户任务的需求提出了新的挑战。尤其是在这些海量数据中,半结构化和非结构化数据所占比例较大,这使得神经网络因其独特的优势而得到了广泛应用。为了提高数据处理能力和推理精度,神经网络模型会被设计得非常复杂,其存储和运行均需要消耗大量的计算资源。然而,边缘设备通常只配置有限的计算资源,无法满足存储和运行复杂神经网络模型的需求,需要借助云计算中心来完成这些任务。这种云协同会引发响应延时和增加网络带宽消耗,并带来用户隐私数据泄露等潜在风险。为了解决这些问题,提出一种面向边缘智能的神经网络模型快速生成与自动化部署(NGD)方法,根据边缘设备的硬件配置和承载的具体计算任务需求,生成与其匹配的神经网络模型,并将其快速部署在目标设备上,实现设备本地推理。在3种典型的硬件平台上的神经网络模型生成与部署实验结果表明,NGD方法能够高效地为资源受限的边缘设备生成匹配的神经网络模型,并快速地将其部署在设备上进行推理任务。

蔬菜泡沫育苗盘多适应性自动叠盘装置设计与试验

为了提高蔬菜育苗流水线育苗盘转运效率,针对人工取盘叠放存在的劳动强度大和整齐度偏低的问题,设计了一款针对蔬菜漂浮育苗的多适应性自动叠盘装置。该装置由机架、育苗盘输送机构、育苗盘叠盘机构和控制系统组成,装置以200Smart PLC为控制核心,利用主副传送带实现育苗盘的输送,并结合光电传感器实现育苗盘的定位,可以完成不同尺寸泡沫育苗盘的自动叠盘,设计的水平调节单元和减振单元可实现育苗盘在叠盘机构上的水平位置调节并降低叠盘过程的振动冲击。试验结果表明,育苗流水线播种环节在生产率450盘/h下,自动叠盘装置在减振弹簧线径为1.5 mm、主副传送带速度差为0.1 m/s以及电缸升降速度为0.13 m/s时,200孔穴育苗盘叠盘效果最佳,叠盘成功率为100%,叠盘错位差方差为2.32 mm^(2),同时振动检测试验中育苗盘X轴、Y轴、Z轴方向的振幅均未超过0.8 mm,更换135、160孔穴的泡沫育苗盘进行试验,叠盘成功率均为100%,叠盘错位差方差分别为3.94 mm^(2)和5.98 mm^(2),说明该装置满足多适应性的要求。在此最优作业参数下,将育苗流水线播种环节生产率提升至900盘/h时,育苗盘最大振幅为0.709 mm,振幅无明显变化,说明该装置作业稳定性较好。该研究结果可为播种流水线叠盘装置提高叠盘效果和降低叠盘振动等研究提供参考。

烟草钵苗双盘对称交错式自动取苗装置设计与试验

为解决烟草半移栽作业用工量大、效益低等问题,设计一种对称交错式自动取苗装置。首先,阐述该自动取苗装置对两盘钵苗进行交错式取苗的原理,建立取投苗作业过程中的动力学和运动学模型。然后,对送盘装置、取投苗装置和自动控制系统等取苗装置关键部件进行结构设计,分析关键部件的作业过程,结合实际需求完成关键元器件的选型。最后,在已有移栽机动力底盘的基础上试制2ZY-1型烟草移栽机样机,以60天苗龄的烟草钵苗为作业对象进行田间取投苗性能试验。试验结果表明,在自动取投苗速度为20株/min时,取苗成功率为89.63%,投苗成功率为97.20%,伤苗率为3.59%。

Dynamic Simulation Analysis of the Flexible Swap Device

With the development of space science and technology,the on-orbit servicing technologies of spacecraft get more and more attention.According to the design criterion of existing spacecraft in orbit module replacement technology,the flexible swap device is designed and the dynamics simulation of institutions by the automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS)simulation software is analyzed.Throughout the analysis process,this paper studies the effect of collision force of flexible mechanism and provides a basis for the optimization of flexible plug agencies.

烟草掏苗覆土机设计

烤烟膜下小苗移栽技术是一项成熟的烟草移栽技术。针对膜下小苗移栽农艺复杂和机械化技术装备欠缺等问题开展研究,设计一种气动掏苗覆土一体化装置。该装置主要由整体支撑、轮式起土、覆土、掏苗、车载空气压缩机、镇压和株距控制等部件组成,具有株距可调、掏苗覆土同步作业等技术性能特点。在研究结构及工作原理的基础上,结合烟草田垄构造及掏苗覆土作业要求分析,确定掏苗装置、覆土装置、株距控制装置等关键部件的结构参数和运行参数。田间试验结果表明,该装置在标准化田垄工作时,掏苗装置、覆土装置及整机完整作业率在速度为0.5 m/s时表现最佳,覆土量的最佳值为1.5 L,达到烟草种植农艺要求。根据掏苗装置与覆土装置株距保持的积累误差试验数据,绘制散点图并进行直线拟合。通过拟合直线结果预测整机积累误差超过5 cm时,工作次数约为1 900次,稳定行进距离约为950 m,符合使用要求。

菌草穴盘苗取投苗装置设计与试验分析

目前菌草穴盘苗移栽过程中缺乏自动取投苗装置,通过分析取投苗装置的工作原理,建立运动学模型并优化结构参数,研发一种六杆式取投苗装置。根据菌草穴盘苗钵体的抗压力学特性、取投苗装置的基本约束与空间约束,优化分析得到各杆件的结构参数,建立虚拟样机得到仿真轨迹和运动学参数。进一步研制样机,结合高速摄像技术获取取投苗装置的实际运动轨迹,对比两种轨迹的一致程度,验证装置设计的合理性。以取投“绿洲一号”菌草穴盘苗为例,将主动杆转速、送苗装置倾斜角以及钵体含水率作为试验因素,取苗成功率、投苗成功率作为响应指标,开展三因素三水平正交试验。试验结果表明,在主动杆转速为30 r/min、钵体含水率为60%、送苗装置倾斜角为50°时,取投苗的效果最优。重复试验表明,在最优因素水平下,取苗成功率与投苗成功率分别为95.31%和93.4%。

基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统设计

针对现有的继电保护测试仪检测程序繁琐,自动化程度低,点对点调试效率低下等问题,提出基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统;系统硬件以STM32F407ZGT6为主控芯片研制了继电保护测试仪输出转换装置,自动控制测试仪与标准器连成试验回路,代替人工拆接线行为;系统软件以LabVIEW为开发平台,设计了仪器通信、自动检测、生成报告、强制选择测点等模块,实现了继电保护测试仪的全自动检测;通过对某型继电保护测试仪进行测试,结果表明该系统工作状态稳定,能够实现一键式全自动检测,用户界面友好,可以替代繁琐的人工检测方法,具有一定的工程应用前景。