High-Speed Trains Automatic Operation with Protection Constraints: A Resilient Nonlinear Gain-based Feedback Control Approach

This paper addresses the control design for automatic train operation of high-speed trains with protection constraints.A new resilient nonlinear gain-based feedback control approach is proposed,which is capable of guaranteeing,under some proper non-restrictive initial conditions,the protection constraints control raised by the distance-to-go(moving authority)curve and automatic train protection in practice.A new hyperbolic tangent function-based model is presented to mimic the whole operation process of high-speed trains.The proposed feedback control methods are easily implementable and computationally inexpensive because the presence of only two feedback gains guarantee satisfactory tracking performance and closed-loop stability,no adaptations of unknown parameters,function approximation of unknown nonlinearities,and attenuation of external disturbances in the proposed control strategies.Finally,rigorous proofs and comparative simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Protection of Glassware in the Automatic Dishwashing Process – A Detergent Manufacturer’s Insights and Experiences

Since the automatic dishwasher became a very common household appliance,some negative surface modifications with dishes can happen.This paper is recapping main risk factors for glass and décor corrosion after long term washing in the dishwasher.The different possibilities for a detergent providing protection of glassware are pointed out.Additionally,the impacts on material care due to the US and EU-phosphate ban in dishwasher detergents are discussed.

Automatic Monitoring of Chilling Requirement for Sweet Cherry and Its Application in Protected Cultivation

For sweet cherry, the economic benefit of protected cultivation is much higher than that of open field cultivation. However, problems such as nonuniform germination, aberrant flower, abortion, bad fruit setting and delayed maturation appear frequently due to the inaccurate regulation of chilling requirement. In order to solve the problems, an automatic system for monitoring, selecting and recording of chilling requirement in protected cultivation of sweet cherry was designed and developed. The system, which consisted of temperature detection, effective chilling temperature selection, signal conversion and output and chilling accumulation display, had been continuously used in protected cultivation of sweet cherry for 3 years and good effects had been achieved. The system monitored chilling accumu- lation accurately and made it more reasonable for the time selection of greenhouse covering, thus avoiding risks of nonuniform germination, bad fruit setting and de- layed maturation, etc. Under the coordinate application of this system with other modern measuring and controlling techniques such as automatic detection and alarming of temperature and humidity, the environment in greenhouses was regulated precisely that the uniform fruits were obtained and the expected yield, quality and harvest time were achieved.

Energy Saving for Automatic Train Control in Moving Block Signaling System

With rapid development of the railway traffic, the moving block signaling system （MBS） method has become more and more important for increasing the track capacity by allowing trains to run in a shorter time-headway while maintaining the required safety margins. In this framework, the tracking target point of the following train is moving forward with its leading train. This paper focuses on the energy saving tracking control of two successive trains in MBS. Nonlinear programming method is used to optimize the energy-saving speed trajectory of the following train. The real-time location of the leading train could be integrated into the optimization process. Due to simplicity, it can be used for online implementation. The feasibility and effectiveness are verified through simulation. The results show that the new method is efficient on energy saving even when disturbances present.

An Automatic Dust Removal Device Based on SCM for Solar Panels

This paper introduces a set of automatic dust removal device for street lamp solar panels. The device realizes the automatic dust removal for street lamp solar panels by three steps consisting of data acquisition, automatic control and mechanical dust removal. Our scheme is as follows, according to the comparison between the actual power generation and the relatively ideal condition of power generation of solar panels, we selectively conduct dust removal operation to panels. The paper demonstrates the feasibiliW of the technology based on the example of street lamp solar panels （40w）. According to the calculation, the solar panels equipped with our device will greatly improve the power generation efficiency of solar panels, which means there will be 32 more degrees generated every year. Extension and application of the technique device will be beneficial for the improvement of solar panels power generation efficiency and the extension of the service life of the panels.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

自动巡航草方格固沙机结构设计分析及试验

针对荒漠化治理对草方格固沙机的需求,提出了一种集底盘、开沟机构、草箱机构、插草机构、覆压沙机构、播种及洒水机构、升降机构与一体的多功能草方格固沙机。分析了“T+一”式草方格种植模式的优势,提出了自动巡航草方格固沙机整体结构方案,并对开沟机构、草箱机构、插草机构、覆压沙机构、播种及洒水机构、升降机构等关键组件的功能和结构进行了详细分析。应用三维建模软件建立虚拟机构模型,对推草和插草机构进行了运动仿真分析,并对整机进行了作业性能试验。结果表明:各机构构件间无干涉,构件运动仿真轨迹符合功能要求,杆件尺寸参数设计合理,机器作业效率高,可有效保证草方格铺设的准确性和有效性,满足机械化固沙的要求,具有良好的通用性和适应性。

基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统设计

针对现有的继电保护测试仪检测程序繁琐,自动化程度低,点对点调试效率低下等问题,提出基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统;系统硬件以STM32F407ZGT6为主控芯片研制了继电保护测试仪输出转换装置,自动控制测试仪与标准器连成试验回路,代替人工拆接线行为;系统软件以LabVIEW为开发平台,设计了仪器通信、自动检测、生成报告、强制选择测点等模块,实现了继电保护测试仪的全自动检测;通过对某型继电保护测试仪进行测试,结果表明该系统工作状态稳定,能够实现一键式全自动检测,用户界面友好,可以替代繁琐的人工检测方法,具有一定的工程应用前景。

双目视觉三维重建下的植保机作业优化研究

以喷雾植保机自动化作业路径规划为研究对象,利用双目视觉摄像机对作业环境区域内的障碍物进行检测,并基于三维重建技术构建障碍物空间位置坐标,根据检测到的障碍物位置信息对喷雾植保机的避障路径进行规划,以保证喷雾植保机作业过程可实时避障。试验结果表明:喷雾植保机能够按照预先设定的作业路径行进,遇到障碍物时能够及时进行障碍检测,并根据规划路径进行避障,保证了喷雾作业的有效实施。

考虑同步启动低频电流影响的蓄水电动机组继电保护配置方法

在蓄水电动机组继电保护配置过程中,因电动机组同步启动时参与同步振荡,导致低频电流幅值较大,影响电网运行的安全性。针对这一情况,提出考虑同步启动低频电流影响的蓄水电动机组继电保护配置方法。针对蓄水电动机组不同电压下的线路进行线路保护配置和整定,将保护装置与断路器相连,并制定一套阶段式保护,实现对蓄水电动机组线路的保护,在此基础上,根据电动机组的工作阶段采用两种不同的整定方式,实现对蓄水电动机组的过流保护,考虑同步启动低频电流的变化,改进低功率保护整定,自动调整低功率保护动作值。结果表明:提出的蓄水电动机组继电保护配置方法能够快速消除故障,及时调整机组工作状态。在该配置方法作用下,线路的连锁故障率比较低,进一步保障了蓄水电动机组的安全运行。

一起110kV断路器偷跳引起的10kV备自投装置拒动事故分析

针对一起110kV断路器因机构原因偷跳,10kV备自投装置未动作,导致10kV母线失电压的事故,本文详细分析10kV备自投装置的动作逻辑及其拒动原因,并结合此次事故提出相应的防范措施,以期为类似事故的处理提供参考。

基于有效状态覆盖的测试用例自动生成方法

为执行反应堆保护系统工厂测试阶段的确认测试,通常由测试工程师手动编写测试用例,耗费大量人力和时间成本,且可能出现错误、冗余或遗漏。该研究以保护系统确认测试中测试用例生成过程为研究对象,以功能图为依据,提出一种基于有效状态覆盖的测试用例自动生成方法。该方法以保护系统功能逻辑为约束,实现对模块功能和链路的有效状态覆盖,生成充分且高效的测试用例。实验表明,相比常用的测试用例生成方法,该研究提出的方法可在满足测试充分性的情况下尽可能减少用例数量,提高测试效率。

继电保护测试仪自动检测系统设计

继电保护测试仪是对继电保护装置调试和检验的重要仪器。为了进一步提高继电保护测试仪的检测精度、稳定性和检测效率,设计了基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统。该系统采用LabVIEW模块化的编程思想,实现继电保护测试仪的自动检测、手动检测、保存报告等功能。为了解决继电保护测试仪的输出为三相,而万用表和示波器仅支持单相测试的问题,设计了输出转换装置。基于转换装置,可以在测试开始前一次性完成所有接线,并在测试过程中根据不同校准项目进行测试回路自动切换。功能测试结果表明,该系统能满足检验标准化、报告标准化和闭环自动测试要求。该系统对其他二次测量设备的自动检测校准有一定的借鉴意义。

城市轨道交通全自动运行车辆基地运用库内自动化区主动防护技术

[目的]城市轨道交通在运用库库前或库中设置下穿通道或上跨天桥实现人员进入自动化分区作业的做法,工程投资较大,人员走行距离长,作业极为不便,影响人员疏散,造成安全隐患,因此需进一步研究运用库内自动化区不采用下穿通道或上跨天桥通行的防护技术。[方法]基于FAO(全自动运行)车辆基地运用库内自动化区常规防护策略存在的消防安全隐患、通行不便、管理程序复杂、工程投资较大及施工难度大等问题,提出了主动防护技术。根据主动防护技术的思路,对运用库内自动化区进行了布置,并对主动防护作业流程以及主动防护技术的系统架构作了详细介绍。[结果及结论]FAO车辆基地运用库内自动化区的主动防护技术为:将中间通道的电动伸缩门由常闭状态调整为常开状态,取消下穿通道或上跨天桥,人员、维修车辆通过中间通道进入各自动化分区。采用主动防护技术后,运用库内中间通道在无车辆出入库作业时,人员可以正常通行,减少了人员和维保车辆走行距离,消除了消防安全隐患,提高了运营管理效率,减少了工程投资和施工难度。

智能变电站继电保护装置自动测试系统研究和应用

电力系统的平稳发展关乎各个行业和社会经济的正常运转。作为电力系统的保障基础,继电保护装置逐渐得到从业者的重视和关注。将计算机和大数据等新技术融入到继电保护装置中,不仅能够提高电力系统运行的质量和效率,减少故障发生率,同时,还能实现对继电保护装置自动检测。基于此,本研究探讨了智能变电站中继电保护装置自动检测系统的价值与意义,并针对其在运行过程中存在的问题,提出了针对性的解决措施。

基于继电保护的配网管理终端自动调试校准系统

由于系统存在误差大等问题,设计一种基于继电保护的配网管理终端自动调试校准系统。主要对系统的整体硬件结构进行优化,并重新设计继电保护装置结构以及信息传输流程,针对交直流电压的变换信息,确定继电保护装置内部电路。对校准系统工作中存在的粗大误差利用拉依达准则进行识别并剔除,列举部分情况下的拉依达准则判别系数,设计系统智能通信模块,完善继电保护输出流程。实验结果表明,利用所提方法的各个检测项目输出电压的误差均在允许范围之内,其自动调试校准系统更具有效性。

黄骅港站智能调车自动驾驶控制系统应用研究

为提升货运站场调车作业智能化水平,基于视频图像识别、智联智感、5G通信等技术,并结合实际调车作业中不同环境下的需求,设计智能调车自动驾驶控制系统。该系统采用北斗卫星定位、轮轴测速、站场轨道状态校核的多数据融合定位方式,自动追踪调车机车位置;根据调车行车许可指令,结合系统获取的障碍物信息,实时计算走行速度曲线,自动控制机车执行调车作业。同时,独立的调车作业安全防护系统通过计算防护曲线对调车作业进行监控,保证作业安全。通过现场验证,该系统在保证调车作业安全的同时,减轻了作业人员的劳动强度,提升了调车机车控制效率,提高了调车作业智能化水平。

市域铁路列车自动折返效率提升方法研究

市域铁路是适用于都市圈中心城市城区连接周边城镇组团的轨道交通系统,提供公交化、大运量、快速便捷的交通服务。为提高运输效率,市域铁路要求列控系统满足3 min追踪间隔,而站后折返间隔成为缩短追踪间隔、提高运输效率的最大障碍。应用于莞惠城际的CTCS2+ATO列控系统虽然具备半自动折返功能,但无法满足市域3 min的站后自动折返间隔要求。CTCS2+ATO列控系统应增加自动折返功能,以满足市域铁路需求。建议车载ATP实现快速换端、快速启机,减少换端过程耗时;建议车载ATO实现快速发车、快速运行、快速停车,减少运行过程耗时;建议CTC实现自动办理折入进路、自动办理折出进路,减少进路办理耗时;建议为不同编组列车设置不同的停车点,提升不同编组列车的折返效率;建议优化折返站的车站股道有效长和车站咽喉区长度,尽量减小折返进路长度,提升折返效率。通过以上改进措施,经过实验室验证,可以满足市域铁路的3 min折返间隔要求。

电力系统安全自动控制与继电保护研究

文章全面讨论了电力系统安全自动控制与继电保护的重要性和发展策略。首先,介绍电力系统安全自动控制技术的基本概念和作用,强调其在维持电网安全稳定运行中的关键作用。其次,详细阐述安全自动控制和继电保护的基本要求,包括快速性、可靠性、灵敏性,确保系统在面对电网故障时能迅速有效地做出响应。最后,提出完善电力系统继电保护的策略,包括加强技术研发和创新、提升运维人员素质、优化保护配置和策略以及强化与其他系统的协同配合,以提高整个电力系统的性能和可靠性。