Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Water Based on LIBS with an Automatic Device for Sample Preparation

Abstract Heavy metals in water can be deposited on graphite flakes, which can be used as an enrichment method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） and is studied in this paper. The graphite samples were prepared with an automatic device, which was composed of a loading and unloading module, a quantitatively adding solution module, a rapid heating and drying module and a precise rotating module. The experimental results showed that the sample preparation methods had no significant effect on sample distribution and the LIBS signal accumulated in 20 pulses was stable and repeatable. With an increasing amount of the sample solution on the graphite flake, the peak intensity at Cu I 324.75 nm accorded with the exponential function with a correlation coefficient of 0.9963 and the background intensity remained unchanged. The limit of detection （LOD） was calculated through linear fitting of the peak intensity versus the concentration. The LOD decreased rapidly with an increasing amount of sample solution until the amount exceeded 20 mL and the correlation coefficient of exponential function fitting was 0.991. The LOD of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr and Zn after evaporating different amounts of sample solution on the graphite flakes was measured and the variation tendency of their LOD with sample solution amounts was similar to the tendency for Cu. The experimental data and conclusions could provide a reference for automatic sample preparation and heavy metal in situ detection.

Design and Application of Water, Fertilizer and Pesticide Integrated Automatic Control Device

Integration of water, fertilizer and pesticide is the final stage of agricultural development, which improves the utilization efficiency of water, fertilizer and pesticide. Starting from the design and realization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated automatic control device, the paper discusses selection and application of fertilizer pesticides, use procedure, water, fertilizer and pesticide saving effect and receptive crowd in the application process of modern planting industry, so as to provide the basis for promotion and popularization of water, fertilizer and pesticide integration.

Effects of automatic variable preload device on performance of spindle

To increase the machine accuracy by improving the stiffness of bearings,a preload was applied to bearings.A variable preload technology was necessary to perform machining processes in both low and high speed regions.An automatic variable preload device was fabricated using an eccentric mass.By installing the fabricated device on a spindle,the effect of the automatic variable preload device on the performance of the spindle was analyzed.In the results of the vibration measurement of the spindle,the vibration is increased by 20%-37% according to measurement points at the maximum rotation speed of 5 000 r/min.And,in the results of the noise measurement of the spindle,the spindle rotation speed is increased by about 1.9% and 1.5% at the front and side of the spindle,respectively.Based on the results of this analysis,an improved method that reduces such effects on the performance of the spindle is proposed.

Design and implementation of automatic shading device for diffuse radiation measurement

Considering the problem of too large area the shading disc covered,complex shadow band coefficients and too big diffuse radiation measurement bias,an automatic shading device for diffuse radiometer is designed and realized. Set a shading ball on the automatic sun tracker,drive linkage parallelogram structure with the declination axis arm,the shading ball can rotate synchronously with the motion of the sun and shade beam radiation measured with pyranometer,thus shading beam radiation and measuring diffuse radiation can be realized automatically. The comparison test results show that the automatic shading device can realize diffuse radiation measurement automatically,the accuracy of diffuse radiation readings can get a 18. 7% improvement compared with traditional measure system,greatly improves the reliability and accuracy of the diffuse radiation measurement.

Research on Cam-linkage Mechanism of Automatic Piecing Device

The principle of an automatic piecing device is presented, and the mathematic model of a specific combined mechanism of the automatic piecing device is analysed. The kinematics and dynamics equation of the combined mechanism is established on the basis of the mathematic model. By the virtual prototype technology, the motion of this mechanism is simulated, whose result is post-processed by ADAMS. To improve the output motion, according to the simulation output and automatic piecing device's practical working condition, the optimisation of the cam mechanism is carried out by finite difference method. The simulation result of this combined mechanism turns out in accordance with its theoretical analysis of virtual prototype in this research, which, therefore, lays a principle basis for the further study of automatic piecing device.

Variable-mass Thermodynamics Calculation Model for Gas-operated Automatic Weapon

Aiming at the fact that the energy and mass exchange phenomena exist between barrel and gas-operated device of the automatic weapon, for describing its interior ballistics and dynamic characteristics of the gas-operated device accurately, a new variable-mass thermodynamics model is built. It is used to calculate the automatic mechanism velocity of a certain automatic weapon, the calculation results coincide with the experimental results better, and thus the model is validated. The influences of structure parameters on gas-operated device's dynamic characteristics are discussed. It shows that the model is valuable for design and accurate performance prediction of gas-operated automatic weapon.

Design and application of automatic constant temperature moxibustion box

Objective:To explore the clinical application effect of self-designed automatic constant temperature moxibustion box.Methods:From June 2016 to January 2017,150 patients with neck,shoulder,back and leg pain admitted to our hospital were treated with moxibustion under the informed consent of the patients.The patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group,75 cases each.The group used traditional moxibustion box for moxibustion treatment,and the observation group used automatic constant temperature moxibustion box for moxibustion treatment for 15 days.After the treatment,the patient's safety,comfort,satisfaction and adverse reactions were compared,and the results were analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical software.Results:The comfort and satisfaction in study group were all superior to that of control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.01).For patient's safety,the ratio of patients suffered from scald in study and control groups was 5.3/100 and 0,respectively.Conclusions:It is of great significance for improving clinical efficacy and preventing medical risks.It is worthy of clinical application.

蔬菜泡沫育苗盘多适应性自动叠盘装置设计与试验

为了提高蔬菜育苗流水线育苗盘转运效率,针对人工取盘叠放存在的劳动强度大和整齐度偏低的问题,设计了一款针对蔬菜漂浮育苗的多适应性自动叠盘装置。该装置由机架、育苗盘输送机构、育苗盘叠盘机构和控制系统组成,装置以200Smart PLC为控制核心,利用主副传送带实现育苗盘的输送,并结合光电传感器实现育苗盘的定位,可以完成不同尺寸泡沫育苗盘的自动叠盘,设计的水平调节单元和减振单元可实现育苗盘在叠盘机构上的水平位置调节并降低叠盘过程的振动冲击。试验结果表明,育苗流水线播种环节在生产率450盘/h下,自动叠盘装置在减振弹簧线径为1.5 mm、主副传送带速度差为0.1 m/s以及电缸升降速度为0.13 m/s时,200孔穴育苗盘叠盘效果最佳,叠盘成功率为100%,叠盘错位差方差为2.32 mm^(2),同时振动检测试验中育苗盘X轴、Y轴、Z轴方向的振幅均未超过0.8 mm,更换135、160孔穴的泡沫育苗盘进行试验,叠盘成功率均为100%,叠盘错位差方差分别为3.94 mm^(2)和5.98 mm^(2),说明该装置满足多适应性的要求。在此最优作业参数下,将育苗流水线播种环节生产率提升至900盘/h时,育苗盘最大振幅为0.709 mm,振幅无明显变化,说明该装置作业稳定性较好。该研究结果可为播种流水线叠盘装置提高叠盘效果和降低叠盘振动等研究提供参考。

面向边缘智能的神经网络模型生成与部署研究

随着移动计算、第五代移动通信技术(5G)以及物联网(IoT)技术的不断演进,各类终端设备的数量呈现指数级增长。这种激增的终端设备连接到网络产生了巨大的数据流,对于需要实时处理和快速响应用户任务的需求提出了新的挑战。尤其是在这些海量数据中,半结构化和非结构化数据所占比例较大,这使得神经网络因其独特的优势而得到了广泛应用。为了提高数据处理能力和推理精度,神经网络模型会被设计得非常复杂,其存储和运行均需要消耗大量的计算资源。然而,边缘设备通常只配置有限的计算资源,无法满足存储和运行复杂神经网络模型的需求,需要借助云计算中心来完成这些任务。这种云协同会引发响应延时和增加网络带宽消耗,并带来用户隐私数据泄露等潜在风险。为了解决这些问题,提出一种面向边缘智能的神经网络模型快速生成与自动化部署(NGD)方法,根据边缘设备的硬件配置和承载的具体计算任务需求,生成与其匹配的神经网络模型,并将其快速部署在目标设备上,实现设备本地推理。在3种典型的硬件平台上的神经网络模型生成与部署实验结果表明,NGD方法能够高效地为资源受限的边缘设备生成匹配的神经网络模型,并快速地将其部署在设备上进行推理任务。

菌草穴盘苗取投苗装置设计与试验分析

目前菌草穴盘苗移栽过程中缺乏自动取投苗装置,通过分析取投苗装置的工作原理,建立运动学模型并优化结构参数,研发一种六杆式取投苗装置。根据菌草穴盘苗钵体的抗压力学特性、取投苗装置的基本约束与空间约束,优化分析得到各杆件的结构参数,建立虚拟样机得到仿真轨迹和运动学参数。进一步研制样机,结合高速摄像技术获取取投苗装置的实际运动轨迹,对比两种轨迹的一致程度,验证装置设计的合理性。以取投“绿洲一号”菌草穴盘苗为例,将主动杆转速、送苗装置倾斜角以及钵体含水率作为试验因素,取苗成功率、投苗成功率作为响应指标,开展三因素三水平正交试验。试验结果表明,在主动杆转速为30 r/min、钵体含水率为60%、送苗装置倾斜角为50°时,取投苗的效果最优。重复试验表明,在最优因素水平下,取苗成功率与投苗成功率分别为95.31%和93.4%。

基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统设计

针对现有的继电保护测试仪检测程序繁琐,自动化程度低,点对点调试效率低下等问题,提出基于LabVIEW的继电保护测试仪自动检测系统;系统硬件以STM32F407ZGT6为主控芯片研制了继电保护测试仪输出转换装置,自动控制测试仪与标准器连成试验回路,代替人工拆接线行为;系统软件以LabVIEW为开发平台,设计了仪器通信、自动检测、生成报告、强制选择测点等模块,实现了继电保护测试仪的全自动检测;通过对某型继电保护测试仪进行测试,结果表明该系统工作状态稳定,能够实现一键式全自动检测,用户界面友好,可以替代繁琐的人工检测方法,具有一定的工程应用前景。

瓶栽鹿茸菇自动采收装置设计与试验

针对瓶栽鹿茸菇工厂化采收装备缺失的问题,提出了一种“输-定-切-夹”采收工艺,并设计了相应的自动采收装置,阐述了装置总体结构及工作原理,确定了整机作业流程。通过对栽培筐输送过程运动学与力学分析,确定了导流条安装角及输送辊筒参数;基于ANSYS LS-DYNA对切割过程进行了仿真分析,以切割速度、进给速度、带锯条前角及齿距为试验因素,以切割反作用力为响应指标,通过响应面法进行了切割性能建模和优化。结合物理试验确定了最优参数组合:切割速度为6.49 m/min、进给速度为0.12 m/min、前角为25°、齿距为7 mm;采用ABAQUS软件对柔性手指弯曲过程进行了仿真,结合物理试验确定了柔性手指最优结构参数为:气腔厚度2 mm、气腔7个、气压25 kPa、限制层厚度3 mm。整机试验表明,装置运行平稳,采收作业效果良好,平均采净率、平均损失率和平均损伤率分别为98.18%、3.66%和2.75%,满足瓶栽鹿茸菇实际采收要求。

烟草钵苗双盘对称交错式自动取苗装置设计与试验

为解决烟草半移栽作业用工量大、效益低等问题,设计一种对称交错式自动取苗装置。首先,阐述该自动取苗装置对两盘钵苗进行交错式取苗的原理,建立取投苗作业过程中的动力学和运动学模型。然后,对送盘装置、取投苗装置和自动控制系统等取苗装置关键部件进行结构设计,分析关键部件的作业过程,结合实际需求完成关键元器件的选型。最后,在已有移栽机动力底盘的基础上试制2ZY-1型烟草移栽机样机,以60天苗龄的烟草钵苗为作业对象进行田间取投苗性能试验。试验结果表明,在自动取投苗速度为20株/min时,取苗成功率为89.63%,投苗成功率为97.20%,伤苗率为3.59%。

基于单片机控制的异形件双轨供料装置的设计

在电子电路板制造行业,部分非标异性元件需要人工完成供料工序,再对接快速贴片机(Surface Mount Technology,SMT)完成整个生产工序,效率低下,无法满足电子产品组装行业的发展需求。为此设计了一种基于单片机控制的散料异形件供料器,包括2套振动装置和直线导轨,振动装置呈螺旋形上升与直线轨道连接,2个直线导轨并行工作,直线振动器可使导轨部件振动使导槽内的散料移动,当散料移动至导槽的末端时,插件机吸夹嘴定点取料从而进行自动贴插件。与传统的手工贴插件相比,散料经本装置供料后,自动贴装品质更加得到保证。实践结果表明,该装置兼容现有的SMT设备及插件机设备,实现了供料器的全自动工作,提高了生产效率;所需员工从5人减少至1人,生产节拍从5 s/件降低至1 s/件,次品率从3‰大幅度下降至1‰。

地面风传感器加热装置设计及试验研究

在冬季雨雪、冻雨、雨凇和雾凇等天气现象发生时,自动气象站风传感器转动部件容易发生冻结,造成风向风速观测数据缺测。为解决风传感器冻结的问题,设计一种基于分级加热技术的风传感器加热装置,采用多级加热元件组合控制的方式,实现自适应启动不同级别的加热模式。通过试验对风传感器加热装置性能进行测试,以及对风向风速观测数据进行处理分析,评估风传感器加热装置在气象观测业务中应用的可行性。结果表明,带有加热装置的风传感器起到了很好的防冻结作用,运行更加稳定;带有加热装置的风向风速数据完整性优于未带有加热装置的风传感器,两者风速具有较强的相关性,相关系数均在95%以上;两者风向一致性显著,均在80%以上,10 min风向一致性优于2 min风向一致性。可见,风传感器加热装置可有效减少风传感器冻结发生的次数,及时消除结冰层,降低观测人员设备维护工作量,提高风传感器运行的稳定性和数据的连续性,为风传感器加热装置应用于气象观测业务提供决策支撑。

一种等距晾晒自动收纳智能晾衣架的设计

针对传统晾晒装置晾晒间距不易控制、日常衣物的晾晒和收纳需手工操作等问题,设计了一款具有等距自动晾晒功能的智能晾衣架。该装置基于可折叠衣架和变截面导轨的集成一体化设计,可以实现衣物的自动晾晒和收纳。装置主要由可折叠衣架、变截面导轨式晾晒杆、升降机构、等距自动晾晒结构和衣物干湿智能感知系统等部件组成。

模板运算代码的自动生成与调优框架

针对现有模板代码生成方法不支持多图形处理器(GPU)、调优不充分等问题,提出一种由领域专用语言(DSL)描述的模板代码的自动生成与调优框架。在代码自动生成阶段,该框架能够自动解析上层提供的描述语言,构建计算图进而生成模板运算的统一计算设备架构(CUDA)核函数,同时根据单GPU或多GPU环境生成不同的主机端代码。在代码调优阶段,根据不同的GPU型号确定候选参数范围,动态调用生成的CUDA核函数以确定最优参数。在多GPU的情况下,自动生成的主机端代码能够使用计算与通信重叠的方法进行边界数据交换。在4种不同的GPU与7、13、19、27点模板运算中,该框架能找到最优的参数配置。实验结果表明,对于Tesla V100-SXM2,以调优过的参数进行模板运算,该框架在单精度4种模板运算下的每秒万亿次浮点运算数(TFLOPs)分别为1.230、1.680、1.120、1.480,在双精度下分别为0.690、1.010、0.480、1.470,平均性能达到手工优化代码的98%,并且描述更简单,支持多GPU扩展。

一起110kV断路器偷跳引起的10kV备自投装置拒动事故分析

针对一起110kV断路器因机构原因偷跳,10kV备自投装置未动作,导致10kV母线失电压的事故,本文详细分析10kV备自投装置的动作逻辑及其拒动原因,并结合此次事故提出相应的防范措施,以期为类似事故的处理提供参考。

基于C#的微波器件自动校准系统的设计与实现

针对校准时,微波器件存在人工操作量大、存在读数误差等问题,本文采用C#面向对象语言,设计了一款模块化自动校准软件。该软件采用SCPI命令控制仪器;基于ACCESS数据库,实现基本信息和数据的处理存储;将图形数据转化成二进制流实现测量图形导出。同时,运用Word文档自动生成原始记录和校准证书。试验表明:该软件运行稳定、数据处理准确,满足使用要求,可实现微波器件的自动校准,提高工作效率。

在线清洗式泵出口pH测量装置的设计与应用

在有色湿法冶炼中,pH值经常被作为重要的工艺反应指标,但是在实际生产中,工艺介质浆料往往由于性状粘稠,易结垢,会对pH电极进行包裹,导致pH电极寿命缩短、测量参数不稳定,甚至失真。为了解决以上的问题,本文结合实际应用,介绍一种可在线清洗式泵出口pH测量装置,通过对pH电极的在线清洗,解决了pH测量偏差的问题。在现场应用中发挥了良好效果。