Integration of Low-level Waste Heat Recovery and Liquefied Nature Gas Cold Energy Utilization

分别地，二个新奇热周期基于 Brayton 周期和 Rankine 被建议它集成低级废热和液化性质气体(LNG ) 的恢复为发电的冷精力利用。在低级废热，低温度的 exergy 和 LNG 的压力 exergy 通过系统合成高效地被利用的地方，精力的串联利用在二个热周期被认识到。模拟加 10.2 用商业白杨被执行，并且结果被分析。与常规 Brayton 周期和 Rankine 相比，二个新奇周期在 exergy 效率带 60.94% 和 60% ，分别地并且 53.08% 和 52.31% 在热效率分别地。

Application of the waste heat recovery system and energy-saving in the strip continuous annealing furnace

The common problem of cold strip continuous annealing furnaces is high exhaust gas temperature and great energy consumption. Taking the cold-strip continuous annealing furnaces of Baosteel No. 4 cold mill plant as an example, several waste heat recovery systems in the annealing furnaces are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed through different energy-saving technologies.

Novel Technology and Products: Fluidized Bed Incineration and Energy Recovery for Waste Disposal——Developed by the Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University

The waste referred to includes solid waste and sludge. Solid waste is mainly from urban garbage and industrial waste. Sludge is from water treatment factories, paper mills, chemical factories, pharmaceutical factories, rivers and lakes. The waste and sludge are very harmful to water organisms, human health and drinking water, and directly affect the environment. Sludge and waste also occupy large areas of land. There are several methods to treat waste and sludge, such as burial, chemical treatment and incineration. Incineration is more effective than the

Technical and Economic Aspects and Experience from 6 Years of Operating the Technology Using the Waste Heat from the Exhaust Gases of Heat Sources and 3 Years of Operating a Heating Plant in an Autonomous, Island Regime

This article is focused on technical and economic evaluation of more than 6-years experiences of operating the Waste Heat Recovery technology—the manner and system of flue gas processing generated in the combustion process in heat & power plants, cogeneration units, etc., which burn the gaseous fuel, primarily natural gas, or methane, biogas, geothermal gas, or other gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen. The solution proposes a more effective and non-traditional use of gaseous fuel for heating, the flue gases of which are processed in order to extract additional utilisable heat, with potential elimination of CO2 from them. Deploying of the heating plant in an island regime (OFF-GRID) enables definition of the benefits brought by the 3 years of operational experience and presents visions for the future offering the possibility to utilise the support energy services at the municipal as well as regional level.

An approach for IC engine coolant energy recovery based on low-temperature organic Rankine cycle

To promote the fuel utilization efficiency of IC engine, an approach was proposed for IC engine coolant energy recovery based on low-temperature organic Rankine cycle(ORC). The ORC system uses IC engine coolant as heat source, and it is coupled to the IC engine cooling system. After various kinds of organic working media were compared, R124 was selected as the ORC working medium. According to IC engine operating conditions and coolant energy characteristics, the major parameters of ORC system were preliminary designed. Then, the effects of various parameters on cycle performance and recovery potential of coolant energy were analyzed via cycle process calculation. The results indicate that cycle efficiency is mainly influenced by the working pressure of ORC, while the maximum working pressure is limited by IC engine coolant temperature. At the same working pressure, cycle efficiency is hardly affected by both the mass flow rate and temperature of working medium. When the bottom cycle working pressure arrives at the maximum allowable value of 1.6 MPa, the fuel utilization efficiency of IC engine could be improved by 12.1%.All these demonstrate that this low-temperature ORC is a useful energy-saving technology for IC engine.

Transforming Waste Heat into“Renewable Heat”

Introduction:The current worldwide electric power&heat&cool production has a negative impact on the environment by emissions and enormous leaks of low-potential waste heat.Transformation of unused industrial low power heat into“renewable heat”useful to enhance the efficiency of the system is essential and actual innovation in the field of worldwide environmental protection.By introducing and defining the terminology of low-potential,“renewable”,“green heat”has created a new,parallel category of research in the energy sector.Traditional co-generation systems produce heat for space heating and hot water and generate electricity.Moving to tri-generation allows growing demand for air conditioning for homes,offices and commercial spaces such as server rooms and switchboards to be met simultaneously or on a seasonal basis.Tri-generation,or combined cooling,heat and power,is the process by which some of the heat produced by a co-generation plant is used to generate chilled water for air conditioning or refrigeration.Usually an absorption chiller is linked to the plant to provide this functionality.The technical solution is related to the new efficient manner and system of simultaneous generation of heat/cold from multiple heat sources,which has not yet been known,but in practice required.New system also enables advantageous utilization of solar power in supporting of the cooling output.The innovative system can be operated also within the existing central heating distribution systems.

温差发电协同储能元件驱动LED车灯的响应特性

为实现低品位能源的高效利用,构建了基于温差发电的余热回收系统将余热转化为电能,用以驱动发光二极管(light emitting diodes,LED)车灯点亮.利用恒温加热炉模拟热源,探究了余热回收系统在不同阶段能量转化和驱动LED车灯的响应特性.在实际应用中,研究了储能元件独立驱动LED车灯时光输出特性的变化规律.结果表明:储能元件可以存储回收余热所转化的电能,并独立驱动LED车灯工作,还能缓冲温度变化引起的电压波动;锂电池的能量密度高,可储存更多电能,独立驱动LED车灯时冷启动速度快,点亮时间更长,但充满电所需时间也较长;超级电容冷启动速度慢,但充放电速度较快,有助于余热回收系统短时间工作时缓解LED车灯的驱动电压波动.

一种智控型烟气余热深度回收装置的实践探索

为了解决大庆油田加热炉排烟温度高、生产能耗大的问题,在加热炉排烟系统增设智控型烟气余热深度回收装置,以加热炉进液为冷源,将排烟温度冷却至50℃以下,综合回收烟气的显热和潜热,达到深度回收烟气余热的目的,并对烟气降温过程中产生的冷凝水进行全部回收,从根本上解决了冷凝水排放问题。应用装置前后系统整体热效率分别为79.94%和87.47%,综合计算得到装置的节能率为8.35%,节能效果显著;此外,对于1.0 MW加热炉,年平均负荷率50%,年运行时间330 h,测算得到每年节约天然气4.58×10^(4) m^(3),折合7.4万元,具有良好的经济效益。

溴化锂吸收式余热回收机组的设计

针对核电站低温余热回收利用的问题,将海水淡化技术与基于吸收式热交换的热电联产集中供应技术相结合,设计了一个溴化锂吸收式余热回收机组。该机组主要由蒸发器、吸收器、发生器、冷凝器、溶液热交换器、节流装置、溶液泵、冷剂泵等组成。验证分析表明:该机组可有效回收高温海水的余热,并用于淡化海水,在所需制热量为28784 kW的前提下,按年利用7200 h计算,全年海水的余热回收量约280000 GJ,全年淡水产量约2160000 t,减少了对生态环境的影响,大大提高了经济效益。因此该机组可为溴化锂吸收式热泵机组的优化设计提供良好参考。

某调度通信楼空调系统节能减碳改造设计实践

重点介绍了某调度通信楼空调系统的节能减碳改造设计,通过综合运用余热回收、可再生能源、固体蓄热、高效制冷机房等多项技术,构建了安全可靠、绿色低碳、高效节能的空调系统。采用HDY-SMAD空调负荷计算及分析软件模拟了建筑物全年的空调能耗,并对优化前后空调系统的运行能耗和碳排放进行了测算。结果显示,优化方案空调系统全年节约电量100万kW·h,全年碳减排573 t,节能减碳效果显著。

生物质好氧发酵热生产与回收利用研究进展

好氧发酵是目前有机固体废弃物处理的一种有效手段。人们对于好氧发酵的研究主要集中在高效有机肥的获取上,但发酵过程产生的热能不容忽视。发酵热作为一种“零碳”能源,可代替传统化石能源应用于加温供暖、生物干化等领域,助力实现“碳达峰、碳中和”。为将生物质能高效转化为热能利用,人们对发酵热回收利用进行了研究,但是没有将热生产、热回收和热利用三个阶段进行系统联系,导致热回收工艺效率不高。该文主要阐述了好氧发酵产热原理,并从菌剂、原料理化性质和发酵工艺三个方面对发酵热生产的影响进行了探讨,总结了现有热回收利用系统,最后对生物质好氧发酵热生产与回收利用系统的发展方向进行展望,以期为生物质发酵热能利用提供支持。

制氧纯化系统污氮预热效果及节能分析

根据某钢铁企业生产实际情况和工艺要求,回收4万m~3/h制氧机组压缩空气余热用于预热分子筛纯化过程加热用污氮,降低电加热器电耗,同时压缩空气温度降低,可减少空气预冷系统中冷水机组电耗,达到节能降耗减排增效的目的。

海上平台烟气余热利用分析与工艺优化

依托南海某在建钻采平台,从工艺原理、工艺流程、有机工质的选择、安全性、能源节约及降低二氧化碳排放等方面进行分析,论证有机朗肯循环(Organic Rankine Cycle,ORC)技术在海上平台应用的可行性。根据能量梯级利用原则,设计一套优化的烟气-导热油-热用户系统,利用透平废热实现ORC发电、生产系统加热及溴化锂制冷的热电冷联产系统。

热电发电技术回收工业余热分析

工业余热资源形式多样且总量巨大,节能潜力可观。利用热电发电技术将工业余热资源转化为电能,既能提升能源利用率又可以降低热污染,是实现双碳目标的重要技术途径。介绍了工业中不同类型余热的分布占比情况和热电发电的基本原理,重点对热电发电技术在工业领域中的应用研究进展进行了综述,并针对热电发电技术以及该技术在工业应用中存在的一些问题进行了分析、总结和展望。

余热回收型空气源热泵烘干系统设计与能效实验

采用电能空气源热泵替代传统的木柴燃烧进行经济农作物烘干具有节能环保、降本增效等优点。针对空气源热泵烘干过程中热量随高温空气流失而降低了能源利用率的问题,设计了一款余热回收再利用的空气源热泵烘干系统,首先通过调节新风阀与回风阀开度使热风在烘干机内持续循环;然后通过热回收器与热泵将排出的高温空气余热回收,可显著提升热能的利用效率。为量化空气源热泵的电热转换与烘干加热过程能源利用率,研究了两级能效指标。一级能效指标可衡量电热转换与回收的利用效率;二级指标可直接衡量电能对产量的产出效率。研制了余热回收型空气源热泵烘干样机系统,并设计了一套远程监控系统,可在云端和手持终端实时在线监控作业过程和状态,控制烘干作业的工艺流程,并计算两级能效指标。食用菌烘干实验结果表明:该余热回收型空气源热泵烘干系统样机的一级能效指标为84.69%、二级指标为4.37 kg/(kW·h),具有能效利用率高、安全可靠等优点。

多级余热回收空气能热泵系统效能的实验研究

针对热风干燥用空气能热泵系统废热回收不充分,造成热泵系统换热效率低下、低温环境工作适应性差等问题,基于空气源热风系统自由热回收和自由热分配的技术方法,设计开发了多级余热回收空气能热泵系统。实验测试结果表明:余热回收可以有效提升热风干燥用空气能热泵系统的热效率,最高可达无回热运行模式下热泵能效比COP的1.51倍;环境温度对余热回收模式的选择有决定性影响;当环境温度一定时,制热温度上升则热泵系统COP下降,但是不同余热回收模式提升热泵系统效能的优劣性不随制热温度变化;当实验工况及余热回收模式一定时,热泵系统COP与新风量存在极值关系。

密集烤房排湿余热回收系统性能研究

针对密集烤房开式排湿造成的能源浪费问题,设计了一种利用重力热管的排湿余热回收系统。通过烘烤试验研究,得到了排湿气流的状态参数和燃料消耗量。结果表明,密集烤房排湿余热回收系统的平均显热效率为36.61%,平均全热效率为15.97%;与对照烤房相比,每公斤干烟可节约燃料0.22kg,节能率达到9.11%,该系统具有良好的工程应用价值。

基于能量流分析的低温能耗研究

为研究低温环境下导致电耗恶化的主要因素,文章通过整车能量流分析方法,测试了常温(23℃)和低温(-7℃)环境下中国乘用车行驶工况(CLTC-P)各个部件能量消耗。测试结果表明,低温和常温的主要能耗差异部件为电驱、压缩机、低压风扇、鼓风机、水泵等。其中压缩机和电驱消耗增加占比较大,所以重点剖析低温电驱恶化的原因,理论分析电驱低温能耗恶化的原因为低温底盘阻力恶化、低温电驱润滑油粘度增加、电机效率恶化等。为了验证润滑油温对电驱电耗的影响,通过电驱水泵流量控制电驱油温,在不同油温下进行低温CLTC-P工况电耗测试。为了验证低温电驱余热通热泵系统和自加热电驱油温这两个方案的能耗差异,实验过程中同时记录电驱电耗和压缩机电耗以及电驱油温,实验结果表明电驱余热自加热油温总电耗更优。

95+技术在加热炉中的应用及节能减排效果分析

对某炼化企业加热炉采用高效超净余热回收(95+)技术的方案路线和实际应用效果进行了介绍。该技术核心在于燃料气精制系统和燃料气、空气双并联换热系统,以及两段式空气预热器布置。在多套装置中的应用结果表明,95+技术可满足设计指标要求,并且具有可观的经济效益和社会效益,为今后同类型装置或其他加热炉节能减排提供借鉴和参考。

溶剂法碳捕集节能工艺研究进展

用于集中式低浓度碳排放源的大规模CO_(2)捕集技术是实现“碳中和”的关键技术。溶剂吸收法作为现有技术中成熟度最高的低浓度碳捕集技术,依然存在着捕集成本和能耗偏高的问题。为解决现有碳捕集能耗过高的核心痛点,大量新型低能耗吸收剂被开发。但是新型节能工艺作为捕集能耗另一大影响因素,相关介绍则相对较少。调研现有大规模示范项目报道,聚焦于新型节能工艺在已有碳捕集示范项目中的应用情况和实际效果。将现有节能技术进行分类:吸收过程强化技术、热量回收技术、再生过程强化技术。针对不同节能类型,分析现有节能工艺的优势与劣势。在此基础上,对未来节能工艺的发展进行展望,为今后捕集设备节能工艺的选择提供综合性参考。