Research Development on Fish Swimming

Fishes have learned how to achieve outstanding swimming performance through the evolution of hundreds of millions of years,which can provide bio-inspiration for robotic fish design.The premise of designing an excellent robotic fish include fully understanding of fish locomotion mechanism and grasp of the advanced control strategy in robot domain.In this paper,the research development on fish swimming is presented,aiming to offer a reference for the later research.First,the research methods including experimental methods and simulation methods are detailed.Then the current research directions including fish locomotion mechanism,structure and function research and bionic robotic fish are outlined.Fish locomotion mechanism is discussed from three views:macroscopic view to find a unified principle,microscopic view to include muscle activity and intermediate view to study the behaviors of single fish and fish school.Structure and function research is mainly concentrated from three aspects:fin research,lateral line system and body stiffness.Bionic robotic fish research focuses on actuation,materials and motion control.The paper concludes with the future trend that curvature control,machine learning and multiple robotic fish system will play a more important role in this field.Overall,the intensive and comprehensive research on fish swimming will decrease the gap between robotic fish and real fish and contribute to the broad application prospect of robotic fish.

Motion Control and Motion Coordination of Bionic Robotic Fish： A Review

Fish＇s outstanding motion and coordination performance make it an excellent source of inspiration for scientists and engineers aiming to design and control next-generation autonomous underwater vehicles within the framework of bionics. This paper offers a general review of the current status of bionic robotic fish, with particular emphasis on the hydrodynamic modeling and testing, kinematic modeling and control, learning and optimization, as well as motion coordination control. Among these aspects, representative studies based on ideas and concepts inspired from fish motion and coordination are discussed. At last, the major challenges and the future research directions are addressed in the context of integration of various research streams from ichthyologic, hydrodynamic, mechanical, electronic, control, and artificial intelligence. Further development of bionic robotic fish can be utilized to execute some specific missions in complex underwater environments, where operations are unsafe or impractical for divers or conventional underwater vehicles.

A survey on fabrication,control,and hydrodynamic function of biomimetic robotic fish

Understanding and replicating the locomotion principles offish are fundamental in the development of artificial fishlike robotic systems,termed robotic fish.This paper has two objectives:(1) to review biological clues on biomechanics and hydrodynamic flow control offish swimming and(2) to summarize design and control methods for efficient and stable swimming in robotic fishes.Our review of state-of-the-art research and future-oriented new directions indicates that fish-inspired biology and engineering interact in mutually beneficial ways.This strong interaction offers an important insight into the design and control of novel fish-inspired robots that addresses the challenge of environmental uncertainty and competing objectives;in addition,it also facilitates refinement of biological knowledge and robotic strategies for effective and efficient swimming.

Energy Analysis of a CPG-controlled Miniature Robotic Fish

Bionic robotic fish has a significant impact on design and control of innovative underwater robots capable of both rapid swimming and high maneuverability. This paper explores the relationship between Central Pattern Generator （CPG） based locomotion control and energy consumption of a miniature self-propelled robotic fish. To this end, a real-time energy measurement system compatible with the CPG-based locomotion control is firstly built on an embedded system. Then, tests are conducted on the untethered actual robot. The results indicate that different CPG feature parameters involving amplitude, frequency, and phase lag play distinct roles in energy consumption under different swimming gaits. Specifically, energy consumption is positively correlated with the changes in the amplitude and frequency of CPGs, whereas the phase lag of CPGs has little influence on the energy consumption. It may offer important inspiration for improving energy efficiency and locomotion performance of versatile swimming gaits.

Design,Modeling,and Control of Biomimetic Fish Robot:A Review

A comprehensive review on bio-inspired fish robots has been done in this article with an enhanced focus on swimming styles,actuators,hydrodynamics,kinematic-dynamic modeling,and controllers.Swimming styles such as body and/or caudal fin and median and/or paired fin and their variants are discussed in detail.Literature shows that most fish robots adapt carangiform in body and/or caudal fin type swimming as it gives significant thrust with a maximum speed of 3.7 ms 1 in iSplash-II.Applications of smart or soft actuators to enhance real-time dynamics was studied from literature,and it was found that the robot built with polymer fiber composite material could reach a speed of 0.6 m s However,dynamic modeling is relatively complex,and material selection needs to be explored.The numerical and analytical methods in dynamic modeling have been investigated highlighting merits and demerits.Hydrodynamic parameter estimation through the data-driven model is widely used in offline,however online estimation of the same need to be explored.Classical controllers are frequently used tor navigation and stabilization,which often encounters the linearization problem and hence,can be replaced with the state-of-the-art adaptive and intelligent controller.This article also summarizes the potential research gaps and future scopes.

水产养殖机器鱼设计与三维路径跟踪控制

为方便监测水质与水下鱼群活动,本研究设计了一款面向全水域实时监测的水产养殖机器鱼,并搭建了机器鱼控制系统,开展了机器鱼三维路径跟踪控制研究。在Serret-Frenet坐标系下建立了机器鱼三维空间路径跟踪误差模型,并基于LOS制导律和李雅普诺夫理论设计了一种模糊滑模控制器,最后利用Matlab仿真对本研究提出的控制算法的有效性进行验证。仿真结果表明:所设计的控制器能使机器鱼在模型参数不确定性、外部干扰未知的情况下实现三维路径跟踪控制,其控制精度和鲁棒性明显优于常规PID与滑模控制器。

多关节自主游动机器鱼的设计与控制

为研究机器鱼设计过程中的关键问题(如密封、配重)以及机器鱼控制中的难点(如逼真的模拟鱼的游动),设计了四关节且可以自主游动的鲹科机器鱼研究平台,展示了机器鱼机械结构和控制系统的设计过程。水下实验证明此机器鱼平台可行而有效,能够真实地模拟真鱼的游动姿态和行为,可用于后续研究,如提高机器鱼的游动效率、优化机器鱼的控制算法等。