Apical hook is a simple curved structure formed at the upper part of hypocotyls when dicot seeds germinate in darkness.The hook structure is transient but essential for seedlings’survival during soil emergence due to...Apical hook is a simple curved structure formed at the upper part of hypocotyls when dicot seeds germinate in darkness.The hook structure is transient but essential for seedlings’survival during soil emergence due to its efficient protection of the delicate shoot apex from mechanical injury.As a superb model system for studying plant differential growth,apical hook has fascinated botanists as early as the Darwin age,and significant advances have been achieved at both the morphological and molecular levels to understand how apical hook development is regulated.Here,we will mainly summarize the research progress at these two levels.We will also briefly compare the growth dynamics between apical hook and hypocotyl gravitropic bending at early seed germination phase,with the aim to deduce a certain consensus on their connections.Finally,we will outline the remaining questions and future research perspectives for apical hook development.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230008 to H.G.)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929173906742 to H.G.)Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(2019KSYS006 to H.G.)。
文摘Apical hook is a simple curved structure formed at the upper part of hypocotyls when dicot seeds germinate in darkness.The hook structure is transient but essential for seedlings’survival during soil emergence due to its efficient protection of the delicate shoot apex from mechanical injury.As a superb model system for studying plant differential growth,apical hook has fascinated botanists as early as the Darwin age,and significant advances have been achieved at both the morphological and molecular levels to understand how apical hook development is regulated.Here,we will mainly summarize the research progress at these two levels.We will also briefly compare the growth dynamics between apical hook and hypocotyl gravitropic bending at early seed germination phase,with the aim to deduce a certain consensus on their connections.Finally,we will outline the remaining questions and future research perspectives for apical hook development.
