Diverse functions of GmNLA1 members in controlling phosphorus homeostasis highlight coordinate response of soybean to nitrogen and phosphorus availability

Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) are two essential mineral nutrients for plant growth,which are required in relative high amount in plants.Plants have evolved a series of strategies for coordinately acquiring and utilizing N and P.However,physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying of N and P interactions remain largely unclear in soybean(Glycine max).In this study,interactions of N and P were demonstrated in soybean as reflected by significant increases of phosphate(Pi) concentration in both leaves and roots by N deficiency under Pi sufficient conditions.A total of four nitrogen limitation adaptation(NLA),encoding RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase were subsequently identified in soybean genome.Among them,transcription of Gm NLA1-1 and Gm NLA1-3 was decreased in soybean by N starvation under Pi sufficient conditions,not for Gm NLA1-2.Suppression of all three Gm NLA1 members was able to increase Pi concentration regardless of the P and N availability in the growth medium,but decrease fresh weight under normal conditions in soybean hairy roots.However,comparted to changes in control lines at two N levels,N deficiency only resulted in a relatively higher increase of Pi concentration in Gm NLA1-1 or Gm NLA1-3 suppression lines,strongly indicating that Gm NLA1-1 and Gm NLA1-3 might regulate P homeostasis in soybean response to N starvation.Taken together,our result suggest that redundant and diverse functions present in Gm NLA1 members for soybean coordinate responses to P and N availability,which mediate P homeostasis.

Health Data Availability Protection:Delta-XOR-Relay Data Update in Erasure-Coded Cloud Storage Systems

To achieve the high availability of health data in erasure-coded cloud storage systems,the data update performance in erasure coding should be continuously optimized.However,the data update performance is often bottlenecked by the constrained cross-rack bandwidth.Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to improve network bandwidth efficiency,including delta transmission,relay,and batch update.These techniques were largely proposed individually previously,and in this work,we seek to use them jointly.To mitigate the cross-rack update traffic,we propose DXR-DU which builds on four valuable techniques:(i)delta transmission,(ii)XOR-based data update,(iii)relay,and(iv)batch update.Meanwhile,we offer two selective update approaches:1)data-deltabased update,and 2)parity-delta-based update.The proposed DXR-DU is evaluated via trace-driven local testbed experiments.Comprehensive experiments show that DXR-DU can significantly improve data update throughput while mitigating the cross-rack update traffic.

Wave Energy Resource Availability Assessment in the Philippines Based on 30-Year Hindcast Data

With the goal of evaluating the wave and wave energy conditions in the Philippines,the simulated wave nearshore(SWAN)model was used to estimate the wavefield using 30 years of cross-calibrated multi-platform(CCMP)wind field data(1987-2016).The spatiotemporal patterns of annual and monthly averaged significant wave heights and wave energy in the Philippines were analyzed based on the simulated data.Results showed that they had similar values;in particular,significant wave heights and wave energy were smaller in the south and southwest and higher in the north and northeast.A total of 12 representative points along the Philippine coast were selected to draw wave and wave energy roses.A directional analysis showed that the dominant wave was in the north north-east(NNE),northeast(NE),and east north-east(ENE)directions.Wave energy was mainly distributed in regions with an energy period between 1 and 10 s and significant wave heights between 0 and 4 m.To better utilize wave energy data in the Philippines,this paper studied the available and rich area of wave energy and analyzed the annual and monthly variability index of wave energy in the country.Moreover,the available significant wave heights of wave energy conversion devices(WECs)were set as 0.5-4 m,and the maximum annual average available wave energy occurred in the eastern Philippine Sea area,reaching 13 kW m^(-1).For the safety of WECs,extreme typhoon-induced wave conditions must be considered.Furthermore,the results showed that the maximum significant wave height and mean period over the 50-year return period reached 18 m and 15 s,respectively.

Study of Optimal Frequency to the Repairable System Due to Failure Finding Interval to Maximize Availability System

This research article is based on a study of optimal frequency to the repairable system due to the failure finding interval to maximize as well as minimize the availability of some components devices. We studied together maintenance and corrective actions that carried out item of failure and periodic failure finding designed to check whether a system is still working. The model is proved as well as useful application in detecting the problem related to finding failure tasks of different scheme devices by maximization. The model formulated and the numerical application to the relevant mathematical model have been discussed to demonstrate the article quality. Therefore based on probability analytic development, the optimal maintenance policy is then obtained as solution of an optimization problem in which the maintenance cost rate is the objective function and the risk of corrective maintenance is the constraint function. Finally, the solution to the optimal device in the considered development model has been well adjusted due to derivation to the experimental observation rather than theory which will be taken into consideration in the next applied practical design research related and the system device provided that, the proactive device agreed with using the exponential distribution to the survive distribution function which can not be considered as valid.

Availability of Antimalarial Medicines in Community Pharmacies of Lusaka District, Zambia: Implications on Compliance to Malaria Treatment Guidelines

Background: Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Zambia, affecting all levels of society, with children under the age of five and pregnant women being most at risk of serious illness. The availability of antimalarial medicines is one of the key interventions of malaria management. This study assessed the availability of antimalarial medicines in community pharmacies in Lusaka district, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted among 210 community pharmacies from September to November 2022 using a well-structured checklist in selected areas of Lusaka district. The availability was verified by a physical check of the product. The checklist contained the medicines listed both in the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of malaria in Zambia as well as in the World Health Organization (WHO) malaria treatment guidelines. Results: This study found that all antimalarials listed in the local treatment guidelines for malaria were available in community pharmacies, though with the varying distribution. Of the 210 community pharmacies, 209 (99.5%) had artemether/lumefantrine in stock. The lowest available antimalarial was quinine/clindamycin, which was only available in 3 (1.4%) of the outlets. Conversely, 3 out of 16 (18.8%) antimalarials that were available in community pharmacies were not listed in the local treatment guidelines of malaria in Zambia, despite being listed in the WHO malaria treatment guidelines. This translated into a compliance level of 81.2% based on the local malaria treatment guidelines. Conclusion: This study concluded that antimalarials were available for all categories of malaria management in community pharmacies, though with a varying distribution. The presence of antimalarials not listed in the Zambian treatment guidelines is of public health concern which may have an impact on antimicrobial resistance in the future.

Research and Practice on High Availability Scheme of Unified Identity Authentication System Based on CAS in Colleges and Universities

Unified identity authentication has become the basic information service provided by colleges and universities for teachers and students. Security, stability, high concurrency and easy maintenance are our requirements for a unified identity authentication system. Based on the practical work experience of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), this paper proposes a high availability scheme of unified identity authentication system based on CAS, which is composed of multiple CAS Servers, Nginx for load balancing, and Redis as a cache database. The scheme has been practiced in China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and the application effect is good, which has practical reference significance for other universities.

钝化剂对土壤有效态镉、铅及其在三叶青块根中累积的影响

采用温室大棚内袋栽培的方法,研究了有机肥、生物炭、海泡石及生物炭和海泡石的混合物(质量比为1∶1)对重金属污染土壤的pH值、镉和铅有效态含量的影响,并分析了三叶青块根中镉、铅含量的变化。结果表明,不同钝化剂处理均能不同程度提高土壤pH值,降低土壤中有效态镉、铅含量,降低三叶青块根中镉、铅含量。与对照相比,添加w为1%~5%的钝化剂可使土壤pH值升高0.05~1.03,土壤中有效态镉、铅含量分别降低2.95%~42.46%和6.21%~55.77%,三叶青块根中镉、铅含量分别降低15.61%~48.33%和8.18%~61.67%,其中以添加5%的生物炭和海泡石的混合物对土壤的pH值、镉和铅有效态含量及三叶青块根中镉、铅含量的影响最大,说明在土壤-三叶青体系的重金属钝化修复中,添加w为5%的混合钝化剂(生物炭与海泡石质量比为1∶1)效果最佳。

两种调理剂对水稻土pH值和重金属吸收的影响

探明两种调理剂对近中性水稻土pH值、重金属有效性和水稻吸收的影响,及其与土壤性质的关系,为调理剂的科学开发及合理施用提供科学依据。选取水淬高炉渣源调理剂(T1)及其腐殖质改性调理剂(T2),分别设置2个施用量梯度(T1L、T1H和T2L、T2H),通过盆栽试验分析了两种调理剂及不同用量对土壤pH值、有效硅、镉、锌、铜含量,以及水稻籽粒和秸秆镉、锌、铜含量的影响。与对照(CK)相比,2个施用T1调理剂处理土壤pH值分别升高0.64和1.02,2个施用T2调理剂处理pH值分别升高0.27和0.56(P<0.05),土壤pH值随调理剂施用量的增加而增加。T1L和T1H处理土壤有效硅含量与CK相比分别提高5和22倍(P<0.05),且显著高于施用T2调理剂处理。与CK相比,T1H处理土壤有效镉、锌、铜含量分别降低37.21%、45.57%和95.30%(P<0.05);T2L和T2H处理土壤有效锌含量分别降低31.55%和30.67%,有效铜含量分别降低6.53%和19.32%(P<0.05)。与CK相比,T1L和T1H水稻籽粒锌含量分别降低23.44%和18.12%(P<0.05);施用T2调理剂后,籽粒和秸秆锌、铜含量无显著变化。土壤pH值、有效硅含量与土壤有效镉、锌、铜含量呈显著或极显著负相关,土壤有效硅含量与籽粒、秸秆镉含量呈显著负相关。研究表明,在近中性水稻土上施用富含硅的强碱性调理剂,既有利于提高土壤p H值和有效硅含量,又可有效降低土壤重金属有效性及其水稻吸收量。

土壤有效硅检测方法样品前处理改进研究

为明确有效硅检测方法试液制备摇匀的处理条件,以达到每个样品浸提条件一致,保证数据准确度和精密度,对检测方法样品前处理进行探索研究。采用粘性较重的黄壤进行预试验,使用恒温振荡器,筛选较优的浸提转速和时间,再用标准物质考察准确度和精密度。预试验筛选出3组较优的处理分别是180 r/min-3 min、200 r/min-1 min、200 r/min-3 min,用标物对3种处理进行验证后,200 r/min-3 min处理有效硅的浸出量最大,准确度满足要求,精密度更高。土壤有效硅检测试液的制备可用恒温振荡器代替恒温箱保温5 h,每隔1 h在200 r/min下振荡3 min即可达到检测要求,使待检样品在同一条件下完成浸提,对粘性较重的土壤同样适用。

基于劝导式思维的地铁车厢空间设计策略

目的从劝导式思维出发,通过设计介入寻求合理的地铁车厢布局,借助行为导向来规避公共环境下的不良行为习惯。方法首先,梳理劝导设计和可供性作用机制的构成内涵,归纳出劝导设计与可供性的结合特性;其次,利用劝导式设计思维,探讨地铁乘客行为及其发生机制,寻找地铁车厢空间设计的劝导机会点;最后,通过调研和实地观察,找出造成车厢人流分布不均的主要因素。结果通过剖析车厢空间设计三要素,结合FBM模型和可供性作用机制,构建地铁车厢空间设计框架和劝导式设计模型,最终提出以乘客行为为中心的地铁车厢劝导式设计策略,即利用不同功能件的差异化舒适度调整区域吸引率;利用系统内部元素透明性进行路径劝导;利用视觉传达系统的符号暗示性实现行为触发。结论在车厢空间设计中引入劝导式思维,可有效缓解车厢人流分布不均的情况,为地铁空间设计改良提供了新思路。

基于多项式混沌展开的电力系统概率可用输电能力评估

大规模开发和利用风能有利于实现电力系统清洁低碳转型,是实现国家“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的重要技术手段,但风电出力的强不确定性对电力系统区域间可用输电能力(available transfer capability,ATC)评估带来了全新的挑战,传统用于求解计及风电出力不确定性的概率ATC评估模型在计算效率和计算精度方面均存在一定的不足。为此,该文提出一种基于多项式混沌展开(polynomialchaos expansion,PCE)的电力系统概率ATC评估方法,该方法首先构建基于机会约束的电力系统概率ATC评估模型;然后,根据风电出力预测误差的概率分布特征,选择对应的正交多项式为基函数以近似风电出力预测误差及电力网络中与之相关联的其他随机变量;进一步,借助Galerkin投影和基于一阶矩、二阶矩的机会约束转化方法,将所构建的机会约束模型的概率约束转化为确定性约束,实现基于机会约束的概率ATC评估模型向易于求解的确定性优化模型的转化;进而,将概率ATC评估模型的求解问题转化为ATC的最优多项式逼近系数的求解问题,根据求得的最优多项式逼近系数和选取的基函数计算电力系统ATC的概率分布特征;最后,通过修改后的PJM-5节点测试系统、IEEE-118节点测试系统及吉林西部电网实际算例验证了所提基于多项式混沌展开的电力系统概率ATC评估方法的准确性和有效性。

秸秆还田及磷细菌对土壤微生态及豆角产量的影响

为研究秸秆还田及外源添加磷细菌对土壤微生态及农作物产量的影响,以玉米秸秆和具有解磷能力的恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)为研究对象,通过在设施大棚中栽培豆角,研究了不同处理对土壤和豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、土壤有效磷含量、解磷能力以及豆角产量的影响。研究结果显示,玉米秸秆(处理1)、玉米秸秆+磷细菌(处理2)、磷细菌(处理3)三个处理的土壤中解磷类细菌数量有较大差异,其中处理2数量最高,比对照区高31.89%,差异显著(P<0.05);三个处理均能明显增加豆角根际解磷类细菌数量,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高86.30%,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);三个处理土壤有效磷含量均明显高于对照,差异显著(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高9.8%;三个处理土壤解磷能力差异较大,处理1和处理2可明显提高土壤解磷能力,分别比对照高50.2%和65.2%,差异极显著(P<0.01);三个处理对豆角均有增产效果,但差异较大,处理2比处理1、处理3产量增加明显,分别增产6.8%、10.3%,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);处理2比对照增产15.5%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。研究结果表明,玉米秸秆配合外源添加磷细菌恶臭假单胞菌,较单一使用玉米秸秆和磷细菌可显著增加土壤及豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、增加土壤有效磷含量、提高土壤解磷能力、促进豆角增产,说明玉米秸秆和磷细菌有相互促进作用。本研究可为秸秆还田和磷细菌田间施用方法的研究和应用提供参考。

养殖池塘丝状藻发生关键因子调查

以水绵和刚毛藻为代表的丝状藻广泛存在于各种自然水体和养殖水体,其过度生长对水体环境和养殖动物构成威胁。为探究丝状藻发生的关键因子,实验通过走访调查,筛选了5组环境相同且隶属同一家养殖户的有丝状藻池塘和无丝状藻池塘,重点对水质、底泥生物可利用性氮磷含量及丝状藻繁殖体进行了检测分析。结果显示,5组有丝状藻塘、无丝状藻塘整体水体氮磷水平无显著差异,而有4组无丝状藻塘叶绿素a含量显著高于有丝状藻塘。5组有丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性氮含量为(15.72±3.60)mg/kg,而无丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性氮为(13.22±1.97)mg/kg,较前者低2.50 mg/kg。5组有丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性磷含量为(72.26±10.57)mg/kg,无丝状藻塘底泥平均生物可利用性磷含量为(50.33±12.62)mg/kg,较前者低21.93 mg/kg。底泥生物可利用性氮磷比在5组中均小于0.5,而无丝状藻塘平均较有丝状藻塘高26.32%。低氮磷比会抑制浮游藻类的繁殖,而丝状藻则对低氮及低氮磷比环境具有较强的适应能力。因此,在养殖开始时,底泥低氮及低氮磷比的条件使得浮游藻类在与丝状藻的初期生态位竞争中处于劣势,即使检测到的浮游藻类OTUs数量高于丝状藻繁殖体,也不能使其在上述条件下成为优势种。另外,对丝状藻繁殖体的检测发现,其广泛存在于有丝状藻塘、无丝状藻塘及水源的水体和底泥中,即使清塘、晒塘依然检测到繁殖体的存在,但清塘、晒塘能够减少丝状藻繁殖体的数量。研究表明,单独依靠生石灰或漂白粉清塘并不能完全杜绝丝状藻的发生,但可以作为一个辅助防控措施,而通过调控养殖系统的生物可利用氮含量及氮磷比左右种间生态位竞争则是一个值得深入研究的、有前景的丝状藻防控方向。本实验结果对养殖池塘的丝状藻防控研究和生产实践具有重要的参考价值。

施用有机肥和调理剂对田间土壤重金属有效态变化影响及水稻降镉效应研究

以春优84和中浙优8号为试验材料,在浙江衢州典型镉污染农田开展大田小区试验,研究有机肥与土壤调理剂施用对土壤酸碱度(pH)、土壤重金属元素(Cd、Fe、Mn、Zn等)有效态、水稻植株(稻草、籽粒)重金属元素积累量的影响,并探究了施用有机肥与土壤调理剂降低籽粒Cd积累的机理。结果表明,单施有机肥(1.5 t/hm^(2))对土壤金属元素有效态、稻草和籽粒重金属元素含量无显著影响;在有机肥(1.5 t/hm^(2))+土壤调理剂(2.7 t/hm^(2))联合施用处理后,土壤pH增加9.48%,土壤重金属有效态含量和植株中重金属元素含量均呈下降趋势。其中,土壤有效态Cd含量降低16.41%(DTPA提取)和48.96%(CaCl_(2)提取),稻草和籽粒Cd含量分别降低40.04%和48.22%。逐步回归和通径分析表明,稻草Cd含量、土壤Cd有效态与籽粒Cd含量显著相关。由此可见,施用土壤调理剂通过提升土壤pH,从而降低土壤重金属元素有效态含量,其中有效态Cd含量下降尤为显著,以此调控水稻稻草和籽粒中的Cd积累。说明供试土壤调理剂可以在酸性土地区推广应用,具有提升酸性土壤pH、降低稻米Cd富集的效果。

想象可供性视角下的“量化自我”研究——以运动应用程序Keep为例

在量化自我的数据生成过程中,以Keep为代表的自我追踪技术有着“自我可读写”这一基本可供性,但用户个体对自我追踪技术的使用、对自我数据的解释偏离了技术的设计愿景,使想象可供性得以生发。一方面用户对数据进行再语境化,这丰富了主体生命叙事;另一方面用户借时空定位、衡量比较为数据赋予意义,进行自我确认。从对抗功绩社会的角度而言,生命叙事可供性与自我确认可供性体现了技术意义上的“世俗化”效果。

防空作战中多边形责任区预警机空域配置方法

针对防空作战中不规则多边形责任区预警机空域配置问题,基于预警机巡逻航线最短直飞距离和最小转弯直径所形成的实时探测区,通过寻优算法确定预警机责任子区和相应的预警机巡逻可用空域,再基于预警机稳定覆盖度评估准则,对其空域配置进一步寻优,得到预警机空域配置优化方案。通过算例仿真验证了此种方法在不规则多边形责任区中规划预警机空域配置的可行性和提升作战效能的有效性,其方法具有较强的实用价值和军事价值。

融资可得性、融资成本与民营企业创新

作为我国科技创新中坚力量,民营企业的技术创新一直面临“融资难”和“融资贵”问题。本文在一个综合框架内探究融资可得性和融资成本对民营企业创新的影响。实证研究发现:融资可得性的提高可以显著促进民营企业创新,而融资成本的上升没有显著抑制民营企业创新;进一步研究发现,融资可得性的改善更有利于促进股权集中度高、规模小、市场化水平较低地区的民营企业创新。研究结果表明,从促进民营企业创新角度看,解决民营企业融资困境主要在于提高融资可得性;在畅通融资渠道过程中,如果交易成本增加或正常的风险溢价导致较高的融资成本,则应允许这种隐性成本外显以促进市场机制发挥作用。此外,还应依据政策效应大小,对不同类型民营企业给予不同力度的政策支持。

考虑道路可用宽度的自适应避撞控制

针对紧急避撞中车辆避开障碍物后回归直线行驶时容易出现过多转向性失控问题,提出一种利用道路空间换取车辆稳定性的解决方案——考虑道路可用宽度的自适应避撞控制方法。首先搭建7自由度车辆模型,基于最优控制和MPC理论设计避撞控制器,并通过大量仿真再现过多转向失控工况,进而对失控工况的车辆输入与车辆状态进行剖析,明晰车辆失控机理。接着基于失控机理设计考虑道路可用宽度的自适应避撞控制系统,其中包括基于深度神经网络的参数自适应控制,基于启动车速的介入准则以及基于Lyapunov保守稳定域的切出时机。仿真实验证明,所提出的自适应避撞控制策略可以充分利用当前道路可用宽度,在避撞后回归直线行驶时提高车辆稳定性,从而达到避免事故发生的效果,弥补了传统定参数控制器无法适应复杂多变工况的缺陷。最后,基于dSPACE硬件在环实验,验证了所提出控制策略的实时性能够满足紧急工况避撞要求。

对流风暴大气不稳定机制研究的若干问题

大气不稳定是强对流天气发生的必要条件之一,具有复杂性。首先简要回顾了气块假设,给出了该假设的应用局限性,比如气块在对流风暴中的强上升运动必然会导致环境大气气压和涡度的变化等;然后梳理了大气的静力不稳定、对称不稳定以及其他多种类型不稳定的概念,重点总结了条件不稳定、湿绝对不稳定和条件对称不稳定的判据及其与对流风暴发生发展的关系,同时澄清了一些错误认识。判别条件不稳定最有效的方法是对气块作有限虚拟位移、使用对流有效位能(CAPE)来判别。CAPE和对流抑制能量的计算对抬升气块的温湿状况较为敏感,并需要进行虚温订正;最优CAPE值较地表CAPE具有更好的代表性。在强垂直风切变、低CAPE环境中,由于旋转导致的动力扰动气压梯度的加速作用对强对流风暴的发展至关重要;对流不稳定不一定对应于条件不稳定。条件对称不稳定的方便判别方法是使用饱和湿地转位势涡度,文中进一步总结了该不稳定所致的中尺度雨带特征。