Bilateral Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

Osteoarticular complications are common after renal transplantation. The complications may result from the bone condition prior to transplantation or the iatrogenic effects of the treatments administered. These complications lead to significant morbidity and mortality, in addition to chronic pain and functional impairment. We report the clinical case of bilateral avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in a kidney transplant recipient. Clinical Case: 53-year-old male with a history of chronic hypertension. He underwent chronic hemodialysis for 12 months and was treated with Entecavir for chronic hepatitis B. The patient received a kidney transplant from a non-related living donor. Induction therapy included Thymoglobulin along with tapered corticosteroids, reaching a dose of 5 mg/day after 3 months, Mycophenolate mofetil (2 g/day), and Tacrolimus adjusted based on residual levels. There was good recovery of renal graft function. After six months, the patient reported bilateral hip pain and functional impairment of both lower limbs. Pelvic X-rays showed signs suggestive of bilateral AVN of the femoral heads. The diagnosis was confirmed by MRI. The patient underwent right hip drilling and total left hip replacement (THR). A right THR was performed a year later. Conclusion: AVN constitutes a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality after RT. The pathophysiology of osteonecrosis remains complex and multifactorial. We emphasize the importance of conducting a thorough assessment of bone health in patients both before and after RT.

Bilateral pericapsular end nerve blocks for steroid-induced avascular necrosis following COVID-19 infection requiring bilateral total hip replacement

BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis(AVN)of the hip was one of the dreaded complications of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which emerged in patients who received steroid therapy.Corticosteroids have been a mainstay in the treatment protocol of COVID-19 patients.Popular corticosteroid drugs used in patients suffering from COVID-19 were intravenous(IV)or oral dexamethasone,methylprednisolone or hydrocortisone.The use of such high doses of corticost-eroids has shown very positive results and has been lifesaving in many cases.Still,long-term consequences were drug-induced diabetes,osteoporosis,Cushing syndrome,muscle wasting,peripheral fat mobilization,AVN,hirsutism,sleep disturbances and poor wound healing.A significant number of young patients were admitted for bilateral total hip replacements(THR)secondary to AVN following steroid use for COVID-19 treatment.AIM To assess the efficacy of bilateral pericapsular end nerve group(PENG)blocks in patients posted for bilateral THR post-steroid therapy after COVID-19 infection and assess the time taken to first ambulate after surgery.METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted between January 2023 and August 2023 at Care Hospitals,Hyderabad,India.Twenty young patients 30-35 years of age who underwent bilateral THR were studied after due consent over 8 months.All the patients received spinal anaesthesia for surgery and bilateral PENG blocks for postoperative analgesia.RESULTS The duration of surgery was 2.5 h on average.Seventeen out of twenty patients(85%)had a Visual Analog Score(VAS)of less than 2 and did not require any supplementation.One patient was removed from the study,as he required re-exploration.The remaining two patients had a VAS of more than 8 and received IV morphine post-operatively as a rescue analgesic drug.Fifteen out of seventeen patients(88.2%)could be mobilized 12 h after the procedure.CONCLUSION Osteonecrosis or AVN of the hip was one of the dreaded complications of COVID-19,which surfaced in patients who received steroid therapy requiring surgical intervention.Bilateral PENG block is an effective technique to provide post-operative analgesia resulting in early mobilization and enhanced recovery after surgery.

Effect of Yang-Warming and Kidney-Tonifying Prescription on Expression of Osteogenic and Angiogenic Factors and H-Type Vascular Markers in Steroid-Induced Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head in Rabbits

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yang-warming and Kidney-tonifying Prescription (YKP) on the treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) in rabbits. And to further explore whether its therapeutic mechanism is related to the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF (angiogenic factors), BMP2 and Osterix (osteogenic factor), CD31 (type H vascular marker) and MMP13 (bone destruction-related factor). Methods: Twenty-seven healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into a normal group, model group, traditional Chinese medcine (TCM) group (clinical equivalent dose group of YKP), miR-130a inhibitor group and TCM + inhibitor group. The SANFH model was established by combining horse serum with methylprednisolone. After the model is successfully established, TCM group was given 6.44 g/kg·d YKP by gavage, and the miR-130a gene inhibitor group was intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg miR-130a inhibitor, locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR-130a. TCM + inhibitor group was treated with YKP intragastrically and miR-130a inhibitor intraperitoneally. The rabbits in the normal group and the model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline 10 ml/d. Once a day for 4 weeks. The avascular necrosis was detected by HE staining. The contents of HIF-1α, VEGF, BMP2 and Osterix in rabbit tissues were detected by qRT-PCR kit, and the expression of CD31 and MMP13 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results: In the normal group, the surface of the cartilage layer of the femoral head was smooth, the bone trabeculae were intact and densely arranged, the cells of each layer were neatly arranged, the morphology of the bone cells, the chondrocytes and the adipocytes were normal. In the model group, cartilage surfaces of the femoral head showed exfoliative cracks. The bone trabecular structure was loose and incomplete, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and bone marrow cells were significantly reduced, and the number of empty bone traps was significantly increased. In the TCM-treated group, more chondrocytes, thicker cartilage layer, and more regular bone trabeculae were detected as compared to model rabbits. In contrast, the cartilage layer was thinner, the destruction and fracture of bone trabeculae was more serious, chondrocytes and osteocytes were decreased as compared to model group. The expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, BMP2, and Osterix in the model group decreased significantly as compared to the normal group (P Conclusion: YKP can regulate the expression of angiogenic-related factors (VEGF and HIF-α), osteogenic-related factors (BMP2 and Osterix), and H-type vascular marker CD31, resulting in increased expressions of VEGF, HIF-α, BMP2, and Osterix, which promote intra-femoral head revascularization. Meanwhile, YKP decreased the expression of bone-destruction-related factor MMP13, thus enhancing the ability of bone tissue to repair itself. Regulation of these molecules’ expression may be one of the mechanisms of YKP in the treatment of hormonal femoral head necrosis.

A Rabbit Model of Hormone-induced Early Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

Objective To establish an experimental model of early stage avascular necrosis of the femoral head （ANFH） caused by corticosteroid in adult rabbits and to observe the pathological changes with various imaging techniques. Methods ANFH was induced by a combination of hypersensitivity vasculitis caused by injection of horse serum and subsequent administration of a high dose of corticosteroid. The pathological changes were detected with digital radiography （DR）, computed tomography （CT）, magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）, ink artery infusion angiography, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. Results The imageological and pathological changes corresponded to the clinical characteristics of early stage ANFH. DR showed bilaterally increased bone density, an unclear epiphyseal line, and blurred texture of cancellous bone. CT showed spot-like low-density imaging of cancellous bone, thinner cortical bone, osteoporosis, and an unclear epiphyseal line. MR! showed bone marrow edema and spot-like high signals in T2-weighted imaging in cancellous bone. Ink artery infusion angiography showed fewer obstructed blood vessels in the femoral head. HE staining of pathological sections showed fewer trabeculae and thin bone, an increased proportion of empty osteocyte lacunae, decreased hematopoiesis, thrombosis, and fat cell hypertrophy. Immunohistochemistry showed attenuated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and on the inner membrane of blood vessels. Conclusion Experimental rabbit model of early stage ANFH caused by corticosteroid can be successfully established and provide the foundation for developing effective methods to treat early stage ANFH.

Experimental Study of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Therapy for Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

To explore a new method for the therapy of the avascular necrosis of the femoral head, the recombinant plasmid pCD-hVEGF 165 was mixed with collagen and was implanted in the necrotic femoral head The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected by RNA dot hybridization and immunohistochemical method The repair of the femoral head was observed by histological method The results showed that the expression of VEGF was detectable in the femoral head treated with VEGF gene Angiogenesis in these femoral heads was more abundant than the control Bone repairing was augmented in the femoral head treated with VEGF gene The results suggest that angiogenesis in bone tissue could be augmented by gene transfection of VEGF and bone repairing would be accelerated accordingly

Microstructures and properties of cancellous bone of avascular necrosis of femoral heads

The aim of this study is to investigate microscopic structure and characterize cancellous bone of avascular necrosis of the femoral head （ANFH）. The rabbit model of the ANFH is established. The histopathologic features are studied successfully. The differences between the steroidinjection group （S.G.） and the controlled group （C.G.） are examined, including the weight of rabbits, the hematological examination and the three-dimensional stnactures. It is found that the plasma levels of cholesterol （CHO）, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） and low-density lipoprotein （LDL） in S.G. are lower than those in C.G. when the triglyceride （TG） increased in the S.G.; but the bone mineral content （BMC） and the structural model index （SMI） of the organ and tissue decreased significantly in S.G. Three-dimensional structures of the femoral head are obtained using micro-computed tomography （CT） scanning and the mechanical model is established to analyze the influences of these structural changes on the mechanical properties of the cancellous bone.

BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR GENE TRANSFECTION TO ENHANCE THE REPAIR OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS OFTHE FEMORAL HEAD

Objective To explore a new method for the therapy of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Method The recombinant plasmid pCD-rbFGF was mixed with collagen and was implanted in the necrotic femoral head. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method. Re-pair of the femoral head was observed by histological and histomorphometric analysis. Result Expression of bFGF was detected in the femoral head transfected with bFGF gene, indicating significant increase of angiogenesis 2 weeks after gene transfection and increased new bone formation 8 weeks after gene transfection on histom-orphometric analysis (P< 0.01). Conclusion Transfection of bFGF gene enhances bone tissue angiogenesis. Repair in osteonecrosis would be accelerated accordingly.

De Garengeot hernia with avascular necrosis of the appendix: A case report

BACKGROUND An incarcerated hernia is a common cause of acute abdominal pain.There are various types of incarcerated hernias,including incarcerated hernias of the appendix.These hernias are often complicated by appendiceal inflammation,necrosis,and suppuration,which affect the outcome of surgical repair.A De Garengeot hernia is a femoral hernia that contains the appendix.This type of hernia has a low incidence.When a De Garengeot hernia is clinically suspected,emergency surgical treatment should be performed as soon as possible.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a painful right inguinal mass that had suddenly developed 6 hours earlier.Physical examination revealed a 4 cm×2 cm palpable mass in the right groin.The mass was hard and could not be reduced due to tenderness.It did not descend into the scrotum.B-ultrasound revealed an incarcerated hernia.During surgery,the hernia was found to contain the appendix,which exhibited distal avascular necrosis.A De Garengeot hernia was diagnosed according to the classification criteria of this type of inguinal hernia.Laparoscopic reduction of the incarcerated hernia,appendectomy,and small-incision femoral hernia repair were performed in the emergency department,and cefuroxime was administered as anti-infection therapy for 2 d postoperatively.After treatment,the patient had no abdominal pain or infection and was discharged on postoperative day 4.He had no recurrence of the inguinal hernia after 16 months of follow-up.CONCLUSION De Garengeot hernias have a low incidence and are difficult to diagnose.Laparoscopy is useful for their diagnosis and treatment.

Avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head in a young female adult:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND This case study describes an atypical presentation of avascular necrosis(AVN)of the first metatarsal head,which is largely unfounded in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A healthy 24-year-old female initially presented with pain at the first metatarsophalangeal joint(MTPJ)and was diagnosed with AVN by physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging.The patient demonstrated atypically poor progress in recovery,despite being in otherwise good health and being of young age,with no history of corticosteroid or alcohol use.The patient also did not have any history or clinical features of autoimmune disease or vasculitis,such as systemic lupus erythematosus.The patient was managed with conservative treatment for 18 mo,which allowed for gradual return of full range of motion of the first MTPJ and subsiding pain,permitting the patient to return to highintensity sports training and full weight-bearing.Throughout her recovery,many differential diagnoses were ruled out through specific investigations leading to further reinforcement of the diagnosis of AVN of the 1st metatarsal head.CONCLUSION Atypical AVN may occur with no predisposing risk factors.Treatment is mainly conservative,with unclear guidelines in literature on management.

Analysis of the Development of Avascular Necrosis in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Introduction: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common hip disorder in adolescents. The most serious complication is avascular necrosis (AVN), which has lasting sequelae. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of AVN in stable slips. Method: We reviewed retrospectively all the children treated for SCFE between 2004 and 2008 at Princess Margaret Hospital. Results: Of a total of 67 patients, 51 (76%) were stable slips and 16 (24%) unstable. Avascular necrosis developed in 3 patients with stable slip (5.9%) and in 6 with unstable slip (37.5%). There was no statistically significant association found between AVN and age, weight, slip severity, pin position, number of pins used, experience of the surgeon or side affected. Those with stable presentations can develop AVN2, males are more likely and the possibility of developing AVN increases as the time from presentation to operation increased. Conclusion: AVN can occur in stable slips without joint penetration. This combined with male sex and increased time to operation, increases the risk of AVN.

Regulation of Quan Du Zhong capsule on VEGF/bFGF and expression of Bcl‑2/Bax and Caspase‑3 protein in the repairing process of canine femoral head necrosis

Objective:To explore the repair and treatment effect of Quan Du Zhong capsule on necrosis of femoral head in dogs.Methods:Totally 12 beagles were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,with three in each group.In addition to the normal group,the other groups established the femoral head necrosis model by liquid nitrogen alternative freezing.The normal group and the model group did not have any intervention during the modeling period,and the Quan Du Zhong group began to receive the Quan Du Zhong by gavage on the day of modeling;Xianlinggubao capsule group was given Xianlinggubao capsule by gavage once a day for 12 consecutive weeks on the day of modeling.The levels of VEGF and bFGF in the blood vessels of each group at the 12th week were compared,and the ratios of BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th,Tb.N were measured by Micro CT,and the expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3 proteins were detected by immune reaction.Results:1.Compared with the normal group,the level of serum VEGF and bFGF in the model group decreased after 12 weeks of modeling(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,the levels of serum VEGF and bFGF water in the Xianlinggubao capsule group and the Quan Du Zhong capsule group increased on average at the 12th week of modeling,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The level of the Quan Du Zhong capsule group was the highest,followed by the Xianlinggubao capsule group.2.Compared with the normal group,BMD,BS/BV,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N in the model group were lower,and Tb.SP were higher,the results were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the BMD,BV/TV,Tb.Th and Tb.N of Xianlinggubao capsule group and the total eucommia capsule group increased,while the BS/BV and Tb.SP decreased(P<0.05).3.The Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group could significantly increase the expression of bcl-2 protein in the femoral head of dogs,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).The expression of bax protein in the femoral head of dogs in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and the Xianlinggubao capsule group was significantly reduced compared with the model group(P<0.05).The expression of caspase-3 protein in the femoral head of dogs was significantly reduced in the Quan Du Zhong capsule group and Xianlinggubao capsule group,which was significantly different from the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Quan Du Zhong capsule can increase the expression of VEGF and bFGF in serum,increase the expression of bcl-2,inhibit the expression of bax,and reduce the expression of caspase-3,which plays a synergistic role in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head,and has potential targets.

不同入路人工全髋关节置换后步态及髋关节活动能力的比较

背景:在微创全髋关节置换手术入路的选择上,有关直接前入路与后侧入路在术后步态、肢体平衡及髋部运动能力方面是否存在差异还有很大争议,因此,有必要进行进一步的研究。目的:采用前瞻性随机对照研究的方法评估直接前入路与后侧入路人工全髋关节置换后早期患者的步态及髋关节活动能力恢复情况。方法:纳入2019年1月至2020年6月青岛市市立医院收治的单侧股骨头坏死患者61例,其中男40例,女21例,平均年龄(64.83±5.52)岁,采用随机数字表法分为直接前入路组(n=28)与后侧入路组(n=33),分别经直接前入路、后侧入路进行初次人工全髋关节置换手术。术前及术后1,3,6个月对患者进行步态分析(步长、步频、单足支撑时间、足底压力差等步态时间-空间参数)及髋关节活动能力(站立-行走计时测试与2 min步行测试)测评。结果与结论:①随着术后时间的延长,两组患者的步态时间-空间参数逐步改善,直接前入路组患者术后1个月的步长、步频、单足支撑时间、足底压力差测试结果均显著优于后侧入路组(P<0.01),术后3个月的步频、单足支撑时间、足底压力差测试结果显著优于后侧入路组(P<0.05),术后6个月的足底压力差测试结果优于后侧入路组(P<0.01);②随着术后时间延长,两组患者的站立-行走计时测试及2 min步行测试结果逐步改善,直接前入路组患者术后1,3个月的站立-行走计时测试及2 min步行测试结果优于后侧入路组(P<0.05);③结果显示,两组患者术后步态和髋关节活动能力恢复情况不一致,直接前入路组患者术后早期步态和髋关节活动能力优于后侧入路组。

α2-巨球蛋白通过调控血管内皮细胞改善小鼠激素性股骨头坏死

目的探讨α2-巨球蛋白(A2M)是否对激素性股骨头坏死(SANFH)具有保护作用。方法体外实验:用梯度浓度(10-8~10-5 mol/L)地塞米松(DEX)处理人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)建立糖皮质激素(GC)诱导内皮细胞损伤体外模型,设置对照组、DEX组、DEX+A2M(0.05mg/mL)和DEX+A2M(0.1mg/mL)4组,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,Transwell实验和划痕愈合实验检测HUVECs迁移,血管形成实验检测HUVECs血管形成能力,Western blot检测HUVECs中CD31和VEGF-A蛋白表达水平。体内实验:将24只BALB/c小鼠分为对照组、模型组(GC)和干预组(GC+A2M),Micro-CT检测骨小梁情况,HE染色观察组织学特征,免疫组化染色检测CD31的表达。结果与对照组相比,DEX处理后,HUVECs的活力下降,细胞迁移速度减慢,血管形成能力下降;并且DEX处理组细胞活性随着DEX浓度增加和刺激时间延长而降低(P<0.05);加入A2M后,经DEX处理的HUVECs活性、细胞迁移能力和血管形成能力得以恢复,并和A2M的浓度成正相关(P<0.05);Westernblot结果显示,与对照组相比,DEX降低了HUVECs的CD31和VEGF-A蛋白表达水平,而A2M的介入使经DEX处理的HUVECs的CD31和VEGF-A蛋白表达水平得以恢复(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,GC组小鼠股骨头骨小梁明显破坏,破坏的骨小梁里充斥着大量空骨陷窝和肥大的脂肪细胞,CD31表达下降(P<0.05);与GC组相比,GC+A2M组骨小梁的破坏较轻,大部分正常骨组织结构存在,并上调CD31的表达(P<0.05)。结论A2M上调经DEX处理的HUVECs的增殖、迁移和血管形成A2M通过减轻股骨头内微循环损伤及维持微循环的稳定对激素性股骨头坏死起一定的保护作用。

骨痹通消颗粒对激素型股骨头坏死人骨髓间充质干细胞成骨与成脂分化的影响

目的 探究骨痹通消颗粒对激素性股骨头坏死人骨髓间充质干细胞(h BMMSC)成骨与成脂分化的影响。方法 取激素性股骨头坏死患者骨髓,体外进行h BMMSC的培养,通过细胞形态学观察、成骨及成脂分化潜能来鉴定h BMMSC。以完培组(基础培养基+10%的胎牛血清)作为对照,采用CCK-8法测定1%、2%、5%、8%、10%体积分数的骨痹通消含药血清A组作用24 h后对细胞增殖的影响。细胞在96孔板的培养过程中,每孔加入地塞米松溶液0.52μl,以完培组(基础培养基+10%的胎牛血清)和损伤组(基础培养组+10%的胎牛血清+0.52μl地塞米松溶液)作为对照,采用CCK-8法测定2%、5%、8%体积分数的骨痹通消含药血清B组对激素环境中细胞活力的影响。以无激素诱导细胞作为对照组(基础培养基+10%的胎牛血清),将体外激素诱导的h BMMSC细胞分为模型组(基础培养基+10%的胎牛血清+10-5mol/L地塞米松溶液)、实验组(基础培养基+5%的骨痹通消含药血清+10-5mol/L地塞米松溶液)。茜素红染色试剂盒测定各组成骨分化后矿化结节的形成;油红O染色试剂盒测定各组成脂分化后脂滴的形成;RT-q PCR测定成脂相关标志基因PPARγ、C/EBP-α与Fabp4中m RNA的表达,Western blot检测成骨相关蛋白BMP-2、Runx2及β-catenin的蛋白表达含量。结果 原代细胞培养7 d后,可见梭形、纺锤形或多角形的贴壁细胞。第三代细胞生长均匀,平行排列,透光率好。成骨诱导21 d,细胞发生改变,局部细胞聚集,并有矿化结节产生,茜素红染色呈阳性;成脂诱导21 d,脂滴与油红O染液结合变为红色,油红O染色呈阳性。与完培组比较,10%体积分数的含药血清A组细胞活力下降(P<0.05)。与完培组比较,损伤组细胞活力下降(P<0.05);与损伤组比较,2%、5%、8%体积分数的含药血清B组细胞活力升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组染色面积降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,实验组中矿化结节与沉积升高,染色范围也更广(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组细胞内脂质积累增多(P<0.05);与模型组比较,实验组较细胞内脂质积累降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组PPARγ、C/EBP-α和Fabp4的表达量升高(P<0.01),与模型组比较,实验组PPARγ、C/EBP-α和Fabp4的表达量降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组BMP-2、Runx2及β-catenin蛋白表达含量升高(P<0.01),与模型组比较,实验组BMP-2、Runx2及β-catenin蛋白表达含量降低(P<0.05)。结论 骨痹通消颗粒能够促进激素性股骨头坏死h BMMSC的增殖及其向成骨分化的能力,抑制成脂分化,为临床上防治激素性股骨头坏死提供了理论基础。

活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法对肾虚血瘀证早中期股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法对肾虚血瘀证早中期股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床疗效。方法 82例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组41例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法,疗程3个月。检测临床疗效、Harris评分、VAS评分、骨密度、血液流变学指标(全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度)、骨代谢指标(OPN、OPG、OST、CTX-Ⅰ)变化。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Harris评分、VAS评分、血液流变学指标、OPN、OST、CTX-Ⅰ降低(P<0.05),骨密度增加(P<0.05),OPG升高(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。结论 活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法可提高肾虚血瘀证早中期股骨头缺血性坏死患者髋关节功能,增加骨密度,减轻疼痛,改善血液流变学、骨代谢水平。

步行运动下缺血性坏死股骨头力学性能及塌陷风险预测

背景:股骨头缺血性坏死这一难治性骨科疾病严重影响患者的正常生活,受限于假体寿命与翻修的问题,临床建议年轻患者采取保髋治疗,在早期精准预测坏死区力学性能而后施加干预治疗是保髋的关键。目的:建立基于人体髋关节CT数据的包含髋骨和髋臼软骨的坏死股骨头有限元接触动力学模型,预测步行运动过程中不同坏死体积和坏死位置对坏死区域力学性能的影响。方法:采集志愿者髋关节CT影像学数据,重建了髋关节三维几何模型。基于Abaqus有限元软件建立股骨头坏死模型,构建了小、中、大体积坏死耦合坏死区域与力线重合、中度偏离和远离力线共9种不同坏死模型。预测在静态3000N载荷和一个ISO标准步行完整周期内不同坏死模型坏死区域的应力,对比评估坏死区域塌陷风险。结果与结论:①坏死体积增大和坏死区域靠近力线时坏死区内的最大等效应力显著增加,坏死区塌陷风险也随之增加;②对不同载荷类型,运动时相同坏死体积和坏死位置条件下的股骨头坏死区最大应力较静载作用下的最大应力显著提高;③表明运动过程中,步行运动使股骨头坏死区的最大等效应力较静载时显著增大,故局部塌陷风险会因为更大的局部应力而增大,但整体塌陷风险因承载区域动态变化较静载有所降低,在临床评估时骨科医生需考虑运动对力学性能的影响。

中药调控成骨细胞铁死亡治疗激素性股骨头坏死

背景:有研究发现成骨细胞铁死亡可作为重要的发病机制诱导激素性股骨头坏死的发生与发展。随着祖国医学的发展,有学者发现某些中药单体、中药复方及中成药等可通过多种通路机制调控成骨细胞铁死亡,最终起到治疗激素性股骨头坏死的作用。目的:探讨成骨细胞铁死亡与激素性股骨头坏死的关系及中草药调控成骨细胞铁死亡治疗激素性股骨头坏死的作用机制,为激素性股骨头坏死的诊治提供新的思路。方法:以“铁死亡,激素性股骨头坏死,成骨细胞,中草药,糖皮质激素,铁代谢,活性氧,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶”为中文检索词,以“ferroptosis,Hormonal necrosis of the femoral head,osteoblast,Chinese herbal medicine,glucocorticoid,iron metabolism,ROS,GPX4”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、Pub Med、万方及维普数据库,筛选各数据库建库至2023年成骨细胞铁死亡与激素性股骨头坏死及中草药干预调控研究相关的文章,最终纳入74篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)成骨细胞铁死亡在激素性股骨头坏死发病中起重要作用。(2)成骨细胞铁死亡的发生受到多种机制通路调控,如细胞内铁超载引起铁死亡;细胞发生脂质过氧化损伤细胞膜引起铁死亡;细胞膜上胱氨酸/谷氨酸逆向转运蛋白通过影响谷胱甘肽水平和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4活性,从而诱导铁死亡;细胞内发生芬顿反应产生大量活性氧引起铁死亡等。(3)中药单体淫羊藿苷等、中药复方青娥丸等及中成药补肾活血颗粒等均可通过调控成骨细胞铁死亡的发生,有助于防治激素性股骨头坏死。(4)目前关于成骨细胞铁死亡相关机制尚不明确,继续深入探明两者的作用机制,有望为临床治疗激素性股骨头坏死提供新选择。

中西医治疗股骨头坏死的研究进展

股骨头坏死(ONFH)是一类股骨头局部血供受损或中断,引起骨细胞及骨髓成分死亡,继而导致骨结构改变,股骨头塌陷,造成关节功能障碍的疾病。主要临床表现为髋关节疼痛,活动障碍,治疗不及时或治疗不当往往导致病情加重,严重影响生活。中医治疗主要包括中药汤剂、针刀、熏洗等,西医治疗以手术干预或关节置换为主。本文旨在对相关的治疗手段进行简要介绍,为临床治疗方式的选择提供参考。