WIDTHS AND AVERAGE WIDTHS OF SOBOLEV CLASSES

This paper concerns the problem of the Kolmogorov n-width, the linear re-width, the Gel'fand n-width and the Bernstein re-width of Sobolev classes of the periodic multivariate functions in the space Lp(Td) and the average Bernstein o-width, average Kolmogorov o-widths, the average linear o-widths of Sobolev classes of the multivariate functions in the space LP(R ), where p = (p1,…,pd), 1 < Pj < ∞o, j = 1,2,…,d, or pj = ∞,j = 1,2,…, d. Their weak asymptotic behaviors are established for the corresponding quantities.

PROBABILISTIC AND AVERAGE LINEAR WIDTHS OF SOBOLEV SPACE WITH GAUSSIAN MEASURE IN SPACE S_Q(T)(1≤Q≤∞)

Probabilistic linear （N, δ）-widths and p-average linear N-widths of Sobolev space W2^r（T）, equipped with a Gaussian probability measure #, are studied in the metric of Sq （T） （1 ≤ Q ≤∞）, and determined the asymptotic equalities：λN,δ（W2^r（T）,μ,Sq（T））={（N^-1）^r＋p/2-1/q√1＋1/N·ln1/δ, 1≤q≤2, （N^-1）^r＋p/2-1/q（1＋N^-1/q√ln1/δ）,2〈q〈∞, （N^-1）^r＋p/2√lnN/δ, q=∞,and λN^（a）（W2^r（T）,μ,Sq（T））p={（N^-1）^r＋p/2-1/q, 1≤q〈∞, （N^-1）^r＋p/2-1/q√lnN, q=∞,where 0 〈 p 〈 ∞, δ∈ （0, 1/2], ρ 〉 1, and Sq（T） is a subspace of L1（T）, in which the Fourier series is absolutely convergent in lq sense.

AVERAGE ONESIDED WIDTHS OF SOBOLEV AND BESOV CLASSES

The article concerns the average onesided widths of the Sobolev and Besov classes and the classes of functions with bounded moduli of smoothness. The weak asymptotic results are obtained for the corresponding quantities.

Average Odontometric Value of the Width of the Upper Central Incisor in the Congolese Bantu of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the average values of width of the upper central incisor (WUCI) in Congolese Bantu and compare them to those of Caucasians and Asiatic. Material and Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Université de Kinshasa on the Congolese Bantu, Department of Dental Medicine, from March 2020 to March 2021. A maxillary imprint was taken by Jeltrate-type alginate. The measurement of two healthy upper central incisors (UCI) was carried out by the hard plaster casting type 4, with a brand caliper, carbon fiver composite mark. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health in the Université de Kinshasa and verbal consent was obtained from each participant. Results: The Average Width of the UCI was 8.74 mm ± 0.56. The average width of the right Upper Central incisor (RUCI) and the left UCI (LUCI) was 8.71 mm ± 0.57 and 8.77 mm ± 0.56, respectively. The average width of the RUCI and LUCI was not the same for men and women (p 0.001). A significant difference was observed between the average of the RUCI and the 18 - 28 and 40 - 50 age group (p = 0.056) as well as for the average LUCI (p = 0.085). The width average of UCI between the Congolese Bantu with those of Caucasians and Asians was significantly different (p = 0.000 and p = 0.009). Conclusion: The average width of the RUCI and LUCI was different among sex and age group. The average width of UCI of the Congolese Bantu is different from that of Caucasians and Asians.

AVERAGE σ-K WIDTH OF CONVOLUTION FUNCTION CLASS OF L_(pq) (R) IN L_q(R)

In this paper. we study the average n-K width of the convolution class B_(pq)(G)(or B_(?)(G)), for which the kernel G(x) is a PF density, in the metric L_q(R)(or L_(qp)(R)) for the case 1≤q<p ≤∞, and obtain some exact results.

AVERAGE o--K WIDTHS OF SOME GENERALIZED SOBOLEV--WIENER CLASSES

In this paper,a kind of generalized Sobolev-Wiener classes W_(pq)~y(R,h),h>0,defined on the whole real axis,is introduced,and the average σ-K width problem of these function classes in the metric L_q(R)is studied.For the case p=+∞,1≤q≤+∞,the case 1≤p <+∞,q=1,we get their exact values and identify their optimal subspaces.

AVERAGE σ-WIDTHS OF THE UNIT BALL OF I_1~∞(R)IN I_2~∞(R)

In this paper we study the average σ-K width and the average σ-linear width of the unit ball of l;（R） inl;（R）. The exact values of these widths are calculated and an optimal subspace with the optimal linear opera-tor （for the σ- linear width） are identified.

Formula for average energy required to produce a secondary electron in an insulator

Based on a simple classical model specifying that the primary electrons interact with the electrons of a lattice through the Coulomb force and a conclusion that the lattice scattering can be ignored, the formula for the average energy required to produce a secondary electron （ε） is obtained. On the basis of the energy band of an insulator and the formula for e, the formula for the average energy required to produce a secondary electron in an insulator （εi） is deduced as a function of the width of the forbidden band （Eg） and electron affinity X. Experimental values and the εi values calculated with the formula are compared, and the results validate the theory that explains the relationships among Eg, X, and ei and suggest that the formula for εi is universal on the condition that the primary electrons at any energy hit the insulator.

宁夏罗山松阿扁叶蜂幼虫发生的关键影响因子

【目的】研究松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis幼虫的发生与林分因子和立地因子的关系,筛选影响松阿扁叶蜂幼虫发生的关键因子。【方法】2022—2023年,在宁夏罗山国家级自然保护区松阿扁叶蜂主要发生区域设立21块样地,调查松阿扁叶蜂幼虫虫口密度和林分因子及立地因子。应用逐步回归分析法筛选出影响松阿扁叶蜂幼虫平均虫口密度的关键因子;采用方差分析和相关性分析法得出松阿扁叶蜂幼虫平均虫口密度与关键因子之间的关系。【结果】逐步回归法筛选出草本盖度、冠幅、郁闭度和坡位是影响松阿扁叶蜂幼虫发生的关键因子。根据关键因子建立了幼虫平均虫口密度的线性预测方程。筛选出的4个关键因子中,草本盖度和坡位对松阿扁叶蜂幼虫的发生有抑制作用,冠幅和郁闭度对松阿扁叶蜂幼虫的发生有促进作用。【结论】松阿扁叶蜂幼虫在林下草本盖度低、林分郁闭度和冠幅大的上坡位林地易发生。建议将这些林地作为防治重点区域,调整位于上坡位的林木草本盖度至0.3以上,冠幅至2.5 m以下,郁闭度至0.7以下,实现对宁夏罗山松阿扁叶蜂幼虫种群数量的生态控制。

血小板功能指标对阿司匹林在老年缺血性脑卒中二级预防中预测价值

目的探讨血小板功能指标(血小板计数、平均血小板体积、血小板体积分布宽度)检测对阿司匹林在老年IS二级预防中的预测价值。方法选取2020年3月至2022年3月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院192例IS患者,所有患者均接受规范化IS治疗,并给予阿司匹林二级预防,对比治疗前、治疗1年后患者血小板功能指标。观察老年IS患者阿司匹林二级预防效果,依据1年内IS复发情况将其分为复发组与未复发组,对比两组基线资料及血小板功能指标,建立Logistic回归模型筛选IS复发的影响因素,绘制受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析治疗前血小板功能指标对老年IS复发的预测价值。结果治疗1年后,患者血小板计数、平均血小板体积、血小板体积分布宽度低于治疗前(P<0.05);随访1年,192例老年IS患者中复发32例,占16.67%;复发组治疗前血小板计数高于未复发组,平均血小板体积、血小板体积分布宽度>未复发组(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析,结果显示,血小板计数、平均血小板体积、血小板体积分布宽度是老年IS复发的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);ROC结果显示,血小板计数、平均血小板体积、血小板体积分布宽度预测老年IS患者复发的AUC=0.715、0.701、0.704,具有一定预测价值,联合检测预测价值更高(AUC=0.808)。结论血小板功能指标对阿司匹林在老年IS二级预防效果具有一定预测价值,能够对患者进行风险分层,指导个性化治疗。

民用建筑逐时负荷的理论分析

从复杂多变的实际用电负荷曲线分析入手,基于电能损耗,提出用特定时段内的平均负荷代替实际负荷的等效分析思路,并利用中心极限定理得出不同类型、不同情况下设备平均功率近似趋于平稳所需要的稳态时间。进一步讨论稳态时间对分段时间宽度的影响,定性分析逐时负荷在不同时间、不同配电点的波动,为下一步逐时负荷计算的数据分析提供理论依据。

Sensitivity analysis of the vane length and passage width for a radial type swirler employed in a triple swirler configuration

The design of axial or radial swirlers typically governs a number of geometrical parameters that are determined by the desired flow field.In the meantime,the number of unknown parameters increases with the number of concentrically mounted swirlers.The available literature is nonetheless limited,and designers are obligated to increase the number of initial assumptions.In this article,three kinds of triple swirlers are employed and simulations are performed to determine the effect of each parameter on the swirler performance.Based on the correlation provided,overlengthening the radial vane length could result in significant changes in the flow field from the jetlike pattern to a wide swirl-jet angle due to the Coanda effect.Passage width should also have the potential to alter the swirl-jet angle and velocity field at the exit of the swirler.

Crack elongation and its width of large depth reinforced concrete beams

In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading levels of serviceability state.The effects of the depth of normal section beams on the crack spacing and crack width were analyzed,and the modified model is proposed for calculating the average crack spacing by thinking about the depth of normal section,the reinforcement arrangement and the effective reinforcement ratio.The relationships of crack widths at any position in the tensile zone and at the reinforcement level on the side surface of beam were studied.By theoretical and statistical analysis,a method is proposed to calculate the ratios of crack widths between any position and the reinforcement level on the side surface of large depth reinforced concrete beams.

Hard Decision-Based PWM for MIMO-OFDM Radar

For the purpose of target localization, Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) radar has been proposed. OFDM technique has been adopted in order to a simultaneous transmission and reception of a set of multiple narrowband orthogonal signals at orthogonal frequencies. Although multi-carrier systems such as OFDM support high data rate applications, they do not only require linear amplification but also they complicate the power amplifiers design and increase power consumption. This is because of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this work, a new proposition has been made based on the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to enhance the MIMO-OFDM radar systems’ performance. In order to check the proposed systems performance and its validity, a numerical analysis and a MATLAB simulation have been conducted. Nevertheless of the system characteristics and under same bandwidth occupancy and system’s specifications, the simulation results show that this work can reduce the PAPR values clearly and show capable results over the ones in the literature.

OPTIMAL ALGORITHMS FOR DIAGONAL OPERATORS ON N-WIDTHS IN DIFFERENT COMPUTATIONAL SETTING——In Memory of Professor Sun Yongsheng

In this paper, we give some optimal algorithms for diagonal operator T from space lp（1≤p≤2） to l2 on n-widths in different computational setting.

基于广义状态空间建模的串联谐振DC/DC变换器主动软开关控制策略

基于广义状态空间平均法,利用脉冲频率调制-脉冲宽度调制(pulse frequency modulation-pulse width modulation,PFM+PWM)调制提供的双自由度提出一种可以同时调节输出电压以及实现开关器件主动软开关的控制策略,可以根据器件主体损耗情况“主动”切换软开关模式,兼顾整体效率提升与负载调节范围的扩展。分析全桥型串联谐振直流变换器工作频率高于谐振频率时的3种运行模式,并通过谐振腔参数设计避免特殊断续电流模式的发生;通过广义状态空间平均法建立包含调制环节在内的系统基波截断小信号模型,其数值扫频结果与物理模型展现出极高的精确度,并能精确反映拍频极点;定义反映多输入多输出系统能控程度的灵敏度矩阵,依据此设计实现输出电压调节及主动软开关的双链路线性控制策略。MATLAB/Simulink仿真及样机实验验证表明,所提控制相比传统脉冲频率调制具备更高的整体效率以及更宽的负载调节范围。

地形导航多波束测深综合效应的邻域改正技术

针对多波束声纳测深系统中波束角效应和地形效应对水深测量的影响,提出了一种基于地形平均坡度水深数据改正的方法,以解决不同地势情况下造成的水深数据失真问题.首先根据多波束系统的测量原理建立了水深测量模型,与测量点周围8个点之间平均坡度估计该点处地形倾斜角,通过测量水深与海底地形之间的关系进行不同程度的水深改正,以获得测深处的真实水深.仿真过程中通过计算测点周围邻域8个方向的平均坡度,对地形平均坡度进行估计,并用实际某海域地形进行检验.结果标明:该技术应用性强,对水深测量中波束角与地形效应的影响具有明显的改正效果.

考虑多影响因素的配筋UHPC梁裂缝宽度计算方法

为建立适用于配筋超高性能混凝土(UHPC)梁的裂缝宽度计算方法,对8片UHPC-T形梁开展了四点抗弯试验,分析钢纤维体积分数、配筋率及保护层厚度对裂缝宽度的影响规律.基于钢筋-UHPC协同受力和变形协调机理,采用半理论半经验法构建了能综合反映多影响因素的最大裂缝宽度计算公式,并提出了适用于UHPC梁的钢筋应力、应变不均匀系数及平均裂缝间距计算方法.结果表明:在试验范围内,裂缝宽度随纤维体积分数、配筋率的提高而减小,随保护层厚度增加而增大;UHPC梁的钢筋应变不均匀程度大于普通混凝土梁;平均裂缝间距计算值与文献实测值最大相对误差为11.17%,最大裂缝宽度计算值与实测值、文献实测值之比的均值分别为1.02、1.01,变异系数分别为0.05、0.12,表明所提出公式可准确计算配筋UHPC梁的最大裂缝宽度.

AVERAGE σ-K WIDTH OF CLASS OF L_p(R^n) IN L_q (R^n)

The average σ-K width of the Sobolev-Wiener class in Lq(Rn) is studied for and the asymptotic behaviour of this quantity is determined. The exact value of average σ-K width of some class of smooth functions in L2(Rn) is obtained.

SFCB珊瑚混凝土梁开裂性能及计算方法研究

通过对不同混凝土强度等级、钢-连续纤维复合筋(steel-FRP composite bar,SFCB)配筋率的珊瑚混凝土梁进行正截面抗弯性能试验,研究SFCB珊瑚混凝土梁的裂缝开展过程与规律、平均裂缝间距、最大裂缝宽度等,提出了SFCB珊瑚混凝土梁平均裂缝间距及最大裂缝宽度的计算公式。结果表明:SFCB珊瑚混凝土梁裂缝宽度在加载初期发展缓慢,接近极限荷载时,纯弯端主裂缝宽度不断变大,梁最终发生弯曲破坏;增大SFCB配筋率,梁平均裂缝间距减小,而增大珊瑚混凝土强度等级,梁平均裂缝间距增大;随着SFCB配筋率的提高,梁最大裂缝宽度扩展逐渐减慢,抑制了裂缝的发展;提高珊瑚混凝土强度的等级,梁最大裂缝宽度变化较小;基于试验数据,提出了梁平均裂缝间距和最大裂缝宽度计算公式,理论值与试验值吻合良好。