Nonlinear Relationship and Its Evolutionary Trace between Average Degree and Average Path Length of Edge Vertices of China Aviation Network Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network,the relationship between the average degree and the average path length of edge vertices of China aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 was studied.According to the theory and method of complex network,the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the airline as the edge of the network.On the basis of the statistical data,the average degree and average path length of edge vertices of China aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 were calculated.Through regression analysis,it was found that the average degree had a logarithmic relationship with the average path length of edge vertices and the two parameters of the logarithmic relationship had linear evolutionary trace.

Nonlinear Relationship and Its Evolutionary Trace between Node Degree and Average Path Length of China Aviation Network Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network characteristics and evolution principle of China aviation network,the relationship between the node degree and the average path length of China aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 was studied.According to the theory and method of complex network,the network system was constructed with the city where the airport was located as the network node and the airline as the edge of the network.On the basis of the statistical data,the node average path length of China aviation network in 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 was calculated.Through regression analysis,it was found that the node degree had a logarithmic relationship with the average length of node path,and the two parameters of the logarithmic relationship had linear evolutionary trace.Key word:China aviation network,complex network,node degree,average length of node path,logarithmic relationship,evolutionary trace.

SYNTHESIS AND AVERAGE SEQUENCE LENGTH DETERMINATION OF AROMATIC-ALIPHATIC COPOLYESTERS CONTAINING POLY(ALKYLENE OXALATE)UNITS

Two series of aromatic-aliphatic random copolyesters(PEBTOXS)with diverse diol ratios have been synthesized by direct melting polycondensation.Two kinds of diols(glycol(EG)and 1,4-butanediol(BD))are used in combination in order to adjust crystallization and tensile properties,and three kinds of diacids(dimethyl terephthalate(DMT),diethyl oxalate(DEOX),and sebacic acid(SA))are involved.~1H-NMR spectra quantify both composition and structure,and show that the final contents in copolyesters appropriate to the ...

Incidence trends and predictors for cost and average lengths of stay in colorectal cancer surgery

AIM:To evaluate the changing trends and outcomes of colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery performed at a large single institution in Taiwan.METHODS:This study retrospectively analyzed 778patients who received colorectal cancer surgery at E-Da Hospital in Taiwan from 2004 to 2009.These patients were from health examination,inpatient or emergency settings.The following attributes were analyzed in patients who had undergone CRC surgical procedures:gender,age,source,surgical type,tumor number,tumor size,number of lymph node metastasis,pathologic differentiation,chemotherapy,distant metastases,tumor site,tumor stage,average hospitalization cost and average lengths of stay(ALOS).The odds ratio and95%confidence intervals were calculated to assess the relative rate of change.Regression models were employed to predict average hospitalization cost and ALOS.RESULTS:The study sample included 458(58.87%)males and 320(41.13%)females with a mean age of64.53 years(standard deviation,12.33 years;range,28-86 years).The principal patient source came from inpatient and emergency room(96.02%).The principal tumor sites were noted at the sigmoid colon(35.73%)and rectum(30.46%).Most patients exhibited a tumor stage of 2(37.28%)or 3(34.19%).The number of new CRC surgeries performed per 100000 persons was12.21 in 2004 and gradually increased to 17.89 in 2009,representing a change of 46.52%.During the same period,the average hospitalization cost and ALOS decreased from$5303 to$4062 and from 19.7 to 14.4 d,respectively.The following factors were associated with considerably decreased hospital resource utilization:age,source,surgical type,tumor size,tumor site,and tumor stage.CONCLUSION:These results can be generalized to patient populations elsewhere in Taiwan and to other countries with similar patient profiles.

Exact Run Length Evaluation on a Two-Sided Modified ExponentiallyWeighted Moving Average Chart for Monitoring

A modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is one of the quality control charts suchthat this control chart can quickly detect a small shift. The average run length (ARL) is frequently used for theperformance evaluation on control charts. This paper proposes the explicit formula for evaluating the average runlength on a two-sided modified exponentially weighted moving average chart under the observations of a first-orderautoregressive process, referred to as AR(1) process, with an exponential white noise. The performance comparisonof the explicit formula and the numerical integral technique is carried out using the absolute relative change forchecking the correct formula and the CPU time for testing speed of calculation. The results show that the ARL ofthe explicit formula and the numerical integral equation method are hardly different, but this explicit formula ismuch faster for calculating the ARL and offered accurate values. Furthermore, the cumulative sum, the classicalEWMA and the modified EWMA control charts are compared and the results show that the latter is better for smalland intermediate shift sizes. In addition, the explicit formula is successfully applied to real-world data in the healthfield as COVID-19 data in Thailand and Singapore.

The Correlation of Hospital Operational Efficiency and Average Length of Stay in China: A Study Based on Provincial Level Data

Objective: To measure the hospital operation efficiency, study the correlation between average length of stay and hospital operation efficiency, analyze the importance of shortening average length of stay to the improvement of the hospital operation efficiency and put forward relevant policy suggestion. Methods: Based on China provincial panel data from 2003 to 2012, the hospital operation efficiencies are calculated using Super Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis model, and the correlation between average length of stay and hospital operation efficiency is tested using Spearman rank correlation coefficient test. Results: From 2003 to 2012, the average of national hospital operation efficiency was increasing slowly and the hospital operations were inefficient in most of the areas. The national hospital operation efficiency is negatively correlated to the average length of stay. Conclusion: Measures should be taken to set average length of stay in a scientific and reasonable way, improve social and economic benefits based on the improvement of efficiency.

Computation of Average Run Length for Residual-Based T^2 Control Chart for Multivariate Autocorrelated Processes

The expression of residual is obtained according to its dynamic response to mean shift, then the distribu- tion of T2 statistic applied to the residual is derived, thus the probability of the 7a statistic lying outside the control limit is calculated. The above-mentioned results are substituted into the infinite definition expression of the average run length （ARL）, and then the final finite ARL expression is obtained. An example is used to demonstrate the procedures of the proposed method. In the comparative study, eight autocorrelated processes and four different mean shifts are performed, and the ARL values of the proposed method are compared with those obtained by simulation method with 50 000 replications. The accuracy of the proposed method can be illustrated through the comparative results.

A Formula of Average Path Length for Unweighted Networks

In this paper,based on the adjacency matrix of the network and its powers,the formulas are derived for theshortest path and the average path length,and an effective algorithm is presented.Furthermore,an example is providedto demonstrate the proposed method.

Probability Distribution of Average Length of Node Path and Its Evolution Trace of Aviation Network of China Based on Complex Network

In order to reveal the complex network feature and its evolution principle of aviation network of China,probability distribution and its evolution trace of average length of node path of aviation network of China were researched according to statistics data in years 1988,1994,2001,2008 and 2015 of civil aviation of China.Floyd algorithm to calculate the path length between any two nodes of network was applied and average length of node path of aviation network was obtained according to this algorithm.It was discovered that average length of node path to other nodes had normal distribution function in each year.At meantime,the location parameter and scale parameter of normal distribution function had linear evolution trace.Airline rate was an index to describe the density of airline.It was found that average length of node path of aviation network of China evolved synchronously with airline rate and they had linear relationship.

Phenotypic Characterization and QTL/Gene Identification for Internode Number and Length Related Traits in Maize

Internode number and length are the foundation to constitute plant height, ear height and the above-ground spatial structure of maize plant. In this study, segregating populations were constructed between EHel with extremely low ear height and B73. Through the SNP-based genotyping and phenotypic characterization, 13 QTL distributed on the chromosomes (Chrs) of Chr1, Chr2, Chr5-Chr8 were detected for four traits of internode no. above ear (INa), average internode length above ear (ILaa), internode no. below ear (INb), and average internode length below ear (ILab). Phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by a single QTL ranged from 6.82% (qILab2-2) to 12.99% (qILaa5). Zm00001d016823 within the physical region of qILaa5, the major QTL for ILaa with the largest PVE was determined as the candidate through the genomic annotation and sequence alignment between EHel and B73. Product of Zm00001d016823 was annotated as a WEB family protein homogenous to At1g75720. qRT-PCR assay showed that Zm00001d016823 highly expressed within the tissue of internode, exhibiting statistically higher expression levels among internodes of IN4 to IN7 in EHel than those in B73 (P Zm00001d016823 might provide novel insight into molecular mechanism beyond phytohormones controlling internode development in maize.

Sensitivity analysis of the vane length and passage width for a radial type swirler employed in a triple swirler configuration

The design of axial or radial swirlers typically governs a number of geometrical parameters that are determined by the desired flow field.In the meantime,the number of unknown parameters increases with the number of concentrically mounted swirlers.The available literature is nonetheless limited,and designers are obligated to increase the number of initial assumptions.In this article,three kinds of triple swirlers are employed and simulations are performed to determine the effect of each parameter on the swirler performance.Based on the correlation provided,overlengthening the radial vane length could result in significant changes in the flow field from the jetlike pattern to a wide swirl-jet angle due to the Coanda effect.Passage width should also have the potential to alter the swirl-jet angle and velocity field at the exit of the swirler.

Fast acquisition of L2C CL codes based on combination of hyper codes and averaging correlation

This paper provides a direct and fast acquisition algorithm of civilian long length（CL） codes in the L2 civil（L2C） signal. The proposed algorithm simultaneously reduces the number of fast Fourier transformation（FFT） correlation through hyper code technique and the amount of points in every FFT correlation by using an averaging correlation method. To validate the proposed acquisition performance, the paper applies this algorithm to the real L2C signal collected by the global positioning system（GPS） L2C intermediate frequency（IF） signal sampler—SIS100L2C. The acquisition results show that the proposed modified algorithm can acquire the code phase accurately with less calculation and its acquisition performance is better than the single hyper code method.

On constructing symmetrical reversible variable-length codes independent of the Huffman code

Reversible variable length codes (RVLCs) have received much attention due to their excellent error resilient capabilities. In this paper, a novel construction algorithm for symmetrical RVLC is proposed which is independent of the Huffman code. The proposed algorithm's codeword assignment is only based on symbol occurrence probability. It has many advantages over symmetrical construction algorithms available for easy realization and better code performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm simplifies the codeword selection mechanism dramatically.

Trend Autoregressive Model Exact Run Length Evaluation on a Two-Sided Extended EWMA Chart

The Extended Exponentially Weighted Moving Average(extended EWMA)control chart is one of the control charts and can be used to quickly detect a small shift.The performance of control charts can be evaluated with the average run length(ARL).Due to the deriving explicit formulas for the ARL on a two-sided extended EWMA control chart for trend autoregressive or trend AR(p)model has not been reported previously.The aim of this study is to derive the explicit formulas for the ARL on a two-sided extended EWMA con-trol chart for the trend AR(p)model as well as the trend AR(1)and trend AR(2)models with exponential white noise.The analytical solution accuracy was obtained with the extended EWMA control chart and was compared to the numer-ical integral equation(NIE)method.The results show that the ARL obtained by the explicit formula and the NIE method is hardly different,but the explicit for-mula can help decrease the computational(CPU)time.Furthermore,this is also expanded to comparative performance with the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average(EWMA)control chart.The performance of the extended EWMA control chart is better than the EWMA control chart for all situations,both the trend AR(1)and trend AR(2)models.Finally,the analytical solution of ARL is applied to real-world data in the healthfield,such as COVID-19 data in the United Kingdom and Sweden,to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

连续时间完全-限定(K=2)两级轮询系统性能分析

为了实现区分网络优先级、保证公平性、提高普通站点的性能和效率,在完全-限定(K=1)两级轮询控制系统模型的基础上,提出连续时间完全-限定(K=2)两级轮询控制系统模型。在该模型中,使用限定(K=2)服务和完全服务分别对普通站点和中心站点进行服务。中心站点转换到普通站点进行服务时,使用捎带查询方式。在此基础上,采用马尔可夫链和概率母函数的数学方法建立该轮询系统模型,并推导平均排队队长和时延。利用MATLAB进行仿真实验,结果表明:理论值与仿真值误差较小,验证了理论分析的正确性;与门限-完全服务模型相比,该模型中心站点的队长和时延均小于门限-完全服务中心站点的队长和时延,具有更高的优先级;与一级完全服务和一级限定(K=2)服务模型相比,区分了优先级,性能分别提升11.7%和14.5%,说明两级服务远好于一级服务;与完全-限定(K=1)两级服务模型相比,增加了发送的数据,减少了等待时间,性能提升13.04%左右,进一步优化了普通站点的性能。

优化乳腺外科日间手术流程对平均住院时间的影响

目的了解乳腺外科开展日间手术后我院乳腺外科平均住院日情况,分析影响乳腺外科平均住院日的因素并提出改进建议。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月广州市第一人民医院乳腺外科开展日间手术后患者入院并施行手术的临床数据。对比分析2016年1月—2017年12月与2021年1月—2022年12月入院病人的临床数据进行横截面比较,分析影响乳腺外科平均住院日的因素,并提出管理建议。结果2021年入院2787人/次,2022年入院2645人/次,2021年平均住院日2.8天,2022年平均住院日2.85天。2021年手术次数1497台,2022年1078台。2016年至2017年入院人数分别为:1233人和1408人,平均住院分别为5.6天和4.7天,手术次数分别为580台和625台。实施日间手术管理制度后,入院人数、床位使用率和手术次数逐渐增加,且平均住院日逐渐缩短。结论优化乳腺外科日间手术流程可缩短平均住院时间。建议从加强日间手术流程管理、提高手术技能等以提高医疗效率,缩短患者平均住院日。

平均住院日影响因素及管理改进研究

目的基于精益管理理念,借助循证医学工具分析某三级甲等医院的平均住院日现状及影响因素,通过实施改进和效果评价,旨在形成可推广复制的医院高效运营策略。方法以某三级甲等医院为研究对象,使用Cite Space进行文献可视化分析、结合医院现状找出影响因素;应用Spearman进行单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析,明确平均住院日的关键影响因素;提出实施针对性改进措施并实施效果评价。结果影响平均住院日的主要因素为平均待术日、转诊率和临床路径管理率。改进后平均住院日由6.59天下降至5.94天。结论借助医院信息技术和医疗资源合理配置,优化收治流程、提升医技效率;落实双向转诊政策,引导患者合理流动,共建区域医疗合作圈;优化路径管理和考核,规范诊疗行为等措施,可有效缩短医院平均住院日,提高医院运行效率。

北京佑安医院降低平均住院日的管理措施研究

目的探讨首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院实施平均住院日管理的效果。方法首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院在2022年1月起采取建立集中预约平台、成立住院服务中心、实时沟通机制、积极开展日间手术和微创手术、深入推进临床路径和单病种管理、优化多学科诊疗模式等多项措施综合管控平均住院日,比较2021年1—12月和2022年1—12月病案首页数据,对全院、重点科室、前20位疾病的平均住院日相关数据进行统计分析。结果采取多措并举后,2022年1—12月全院平均住院日、重点科室平均住院日和前20位疾病平均住院日均较2021年1—12月明显下降,2022年1—12月平均住院日由9.49 d降至8.50 d。结论多部门联动后优化措施可有效缩短平均住院日。

预住院管理在乳房肿物切除患者中的应用效果

目的探讨预住院管理在乳房肿物切除患者中的应用效果。方法选取2021年01月~2023年2月于我院行乳房肿物切除患者441例,2022年2月前入院的224例患者作为对照组采用常规住院模式,2022年2月后的217例患者作为观察组采用预住院管理模式。比较两组患者的管理效果、心理状况、满意度等方面的差异。结果两组患者住院时间对照组的平均(3.54±1.72)天,观察组明显缩短至(2.62±1.41)天;观察组的平均费用为(0.98±0.38)万元,明显低于对照组的(1.98±0.49)万元。此外,干预后观察组患者焦虑评分(8.79±1.84)分和抑郁评分(7.25±1.21)分,明显少于对照组的焦虑评分(10.01±2.97)分和抑郁评分(9.89±1.93)分;观察组的满意度为93.88%,明显高于对照组的74.11%,差别具有统计学意义。结论预住院管理模式在乳房肿物切除患者中应用效果良好,可有效缩短住院时间、降低医疗费用、提高患者满意度和改善心理状况,值得临床推广应用。

顺势而为——三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计

三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计以对博物馆展陈最小干预,平衡建筑功能和其他专业需求,兼顾电气装置能源效率为原则,在分析项目前期调研情况和用电需求基础上,从电气机房选址、供配电系统设计、展陈配合、防雷接地系统等方面介绍三星堆博物馆新馆如何根据园区现状、建筑布局、电气系统特点,进行顺势而为的电气设计。